629. ipsique nepotesque, i.e. may the warfare begin at once, and not cease. Notice that -que is cut off before the next verse (synapheia). 631. quam primum, on the instant. - abrumpere, to destroy. lucem, life.

633. namque, etc., for her own the dark tomb (cinis) held in her

native land.

634. mihi huc siste, bring hither to me, lit. set (cause to stand) before me.

...

635. corpus spargere, to sprinkle her body for lustration with running water, a very ancient rite. — properet, see § 331, R.; G. 655; H. 523, iii.

636. pecudes, the black sheep, sacrificed to Pluto (Iovi Stygio). The rite for which she is ostensibly preparing is a mock funeral, in which the effigies of Æneas and his exuviae are to be burned on the pile; see v. 496. — monstrata, appointed.

637. sic veniat, i.e. after having made such preparations.

638. paravi, see vv. 504-508.

640. capitis = person: she speaks of the funeral pyre of the faithless Trojan, disguising the fact that it is her own.

641. anili, i.e. bustling.

642. coeptis immanibus, her horrid purpose, lit., that which she has begun (abl. of cause). — effera, maddened.

643. trementis (accusative).

645. inrumpit: she rushes down from the tower (v. 586), where she has been hitherto, into the inner open court.

647. quaesitum munus, a gift sought for no such service: probably an ornamental sword or dagger given her by Æneas; though this seems to contradict v. 507.

648. hic, hereupon. 649. mente, thought.

650. que... que, correlative.

651. dulces exuviae, etc., dear relics while fate and the god allowed. 652. exsolvite, i.e. by my death.

654. magna, i.e. I shall go a famous woman.

656. ulta virum, etc., i.e. she has avenged her husband by carrying away her brother's money and people. - recepi, inflicted the due (re-) punishment; see note to ii. 103.

657. felix, a verb fuissem is implied, the apodosis of tetigissent, but compare note to iii. 426. — tantum, only, lit., so much and no more. 660. sic, sic iuvat ire, thus, thus, I joy to go (as she speaks these words, she is supposed to stab herself twice): the words imply that though unavenged, still even thus she joys to go.

661. hunc ignem, the blaze of the pile which is about to be kindled.

- hauriat, let him drink in.

663. ferro (ablative of instrument).

664. comites, her attendants (cf. v. 391).

665. sparsas, blood-stained.

666. concussam, startled. — bacchatur, runs wildly. (Fig. 101.)

Fig. 101.

669. ruat, were falling in ruins; see § 312, R.; G. 604; H. 513, ii. 671. culmina = lofty abodes.

672. trepido cursu, running wildly (abl. of manner).

675. hoc illud, i.e. was this the thing you meant ?

676. hoc rogus, etc., is this what the funeral pile, etc., were preparing for me?-iste, i,e. that you ordered me to build.

677. quid, etc., i.e. shall I complain that you did not let me die with

you, or that you made me instrumental in your death?

678. vocasses, you should have called me (§ 266, e; G. 266, R.3). 680. struxi, with these hands did I build it (the pyre)? — vocavi voce, with my voice did I call?

681. sic, i.e. as I have been.

(in death).

...

te posita, when you were laid out

683. date. abluam, let me wash her wounds in water (object clause without ut). The reading of Heyne makes the sense "Bring water for her wounds, I will," etc.

685. ore legam, a customary office of affection, like closing the eyes of the dying. See Cic. Verr. v. 118. — evaserat, etc., as she spoke she had already mounted.

686. semianimem: the first i is read like y (§ 347, c; G. 717;

H. 608, iii. N.2).

687. siccabat (§ 277, c; G. 224; H. 469, 1), tried to stanch.

689. stridit, gurgles.

690. cubito (§ 254, b; G. 403, R.3; H. 425, I, N.). — adnixa, leaning. - levavit, supported.

691. toro, dative, or possibly loc. ablative; cf. humi, v. 481.

re

692. quaesivit lucem: the ancients were strongly impressed with the thought that the last act of the dying was to gaze upon the light. perta, sc. luce (ablative absolute).

693. longum, prolonged.

694. Irim: Iris was the messenger of Juno; but the thread of life was usually supposed to be cut (for women) by Proserpine (v. 698).

695. quae

...

resolveret, to disengage the struggling spirit and the close-locked limbs (subj. of purpose).

696. fato, i.e. by natural death; merita morte, i.e. by death incurred by her own guilt.

698. crinem: as a few hairs were plucked from the head of the victim before sacrifice, so the "fatal lock" must be cut from the crown (vertice) before death; cf. sacrum, v. 703.

700. croceis, of course, the rainbow, the pathway of the goddess.

701. mille colores, i.e. the actual rainbow, which in Homer is not an attribute of Iris the divine messenger, though called by the same name. trahens, drawing out the long line of color. — sole, see § 255, a; G. 408; H. 431.

702. hunc (sc. crinem).— sacrum, predicate.

704. una, at the same time.

705. in ventos: the breath was naturally identified with the life or soul; cf. animus, anima, exanimis, etc.

Book V.

THE funeral games in this book make an agreeable interlude in the more serious action of the poem. Many of the incidents of these games are taken directly from the account of the funeral games of Patroclus in the twenty-third book of the Iliad. The contest of ships, however, and the equestrian exhibition, are features wholly original. The incident of the burning of the fleet, variously told, was part of the old Trojan legend.

1. interea, i.e. during the time of Dido's death. - medium iter, i.e. he is well on his way; compare aequor medium, iii. 664. 2. certus, fixed in his purpose.

with the north wind.

atros Aquilone, dark (ruffled)

3. iam conlucent: the pile built ostensibly to burn the effigy of Eneas is supposed to serve for her own cremation.

4. accenderit, see § 341, d; G. 630; cf. H. 524. The clause may also be regarded as an indirect question.

5. duri, etc., but the cruel pangs of a great love betrayed, and the knowledge of what a maddened woman can attempt, lead the hearts of the Trojans into sad forebodings. Though they have no certain knowledge, yet they suspect the cause of the fire.—polluto: the word means, properly, "desecrated"; here "betrayed.". amore (§ 255; G. 409; H. 431).

6. possit, an indirect question serving as a noun in agreement with notum. — notum, see § 292, a; H. 549, N.o

10. olli (§ 235, a ; G. 343, R.2; H. 384, 4, N.o).—caeruleus imber, dark rain-cloud.

II. inhorruit, the waves grew rough with black shadows. Virgil doubtless has in mind the dark appearance of the water produced by a squall; compare atros, v. 2.

12. ipse, even the pilot himself is at a loss.

13. quianam (an archaic use of quia, cf. v. 538), ah! why?

14. paras, have in store.

15. colligere arma, to secure the rigging, i.e. to make all tight, and prepare for the gale; perhaps a military rather than nautical phrase. — incumbere, bend to.

16. obliquat sinus, trims the sail: they had been sailing with the wind astern (aequatis velis, iv. 587), probably from the southwest, and as the wind now comes from the west, they can no longer sail on the same

course, so as to weather the gates islands. The ancients could probably only sail within seven or eight points of the wind (nearly at right angles with it). (See Fig. 102 for a representation of their style of rigging.)

17. auctor, in its proper sense of voucher or security; here as predicate apposition (§ 184, third example; G. 324; H. 363).-spondeat, see § 307, b; G. 598; H. 509.

18. hoc caelo (§ 248; G. 401; H. 419, iii.), with this weather. 19. transversa (adverbial, § 240, a; G. 331, R.3; H. 378, 2), across

our course.

20. aer: clouds being supposed to be condensed air.

21. tantum, merely (so much as that even).

24. fraterna, of your brother, i.e. Eryx, son of Venus (§ 190).

25. rite memor, recalling correctly. - servata, before observed, i.e.

in their former voyage.

27. iamdudum, qualifying poscere.

28. flecte viam velis (§ 248; G. 403; H. 420), turn the course of your voyage. Literally, turn your course with your sails by setting them on that tack. - sit, see § 268; G. 251; H. 486, ii.