Evolutionary BiologySinauer Associates, 1986 - 600 pagine Covers the genetic, developmental, and ecological mechanisms of evolutionary change, the major features of evolutionary history as revealed by phylogenetic and paleontological studies, and material on adaptation, molecular evolution, co-evolution, and human evolution. |
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Pagina 291
... Character states of the taxa a ' b ' C d e Characters Taxa 1 2 3 4 5 A B a ' b ' c ' d ' e ' C a ' b C d e D a b c d e FIGURE 4 D ABCO D Matrix of shared character states A B с D 2 4 - 1 - B Cladogram E Matrix of shared derived character ...
... Character states of the taxa a ' b ' C d e Characters Taxa 1 2 3 4 5 A B a ' b ' c ' d ' e ' C a ' b C d e D a b c d e FIGURE 4 D ABCO D Matrix of shared character states A B с D 2 4 - 1 - B Cladogram E Matrix of shared derived character ...
Pagina 300
... characters . Thus the phylogenetic tree in Figure 11B , which is compatible with four characters , would be ... Character states of the taxa Character 3 4 5 300 Chapter Ten.
... characters . Thus the phylogenetic tree in Figure 11B , which is compatible with four characters , would be ... Character states of the taxa Character 3 4 5 300 Chapter Ten.
Pagina 301
Douglas J. Futuyma. A Character states of the taxa Character 3 4 5 6 d e f B Tree implied by characters 1-4 , assuming primed states are derived A C E B D ТИПИ У d e ' Species 1 2 A a ' b ' C B a b a ' b ' C d e ' D a b c ' d ' e f E a b ...
Douglas J. Futuyma. A Character states of the taxa Character 3 4 5 6 d e f B Tree implied by characters 1-4 , assuming primed states are derived A C E B D ТИПИ У d e ' Species 1 2 A a ' b ' C B a b a ' b ' C d e ' D a b c ' d ' e f E a b ...
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adaptive adaptive radiation allele frequency allozyme Amer amino acid ancestor animals average behavior biological birds bristle number caused cells Chapter characters chromosome cladistic coefficient coevolution competition copies correlated deleterious developmental differentiation distribution divergence Dobzhansky Drosophila melanogaster ecological effect environment environmental enzyme equilibrium evidence evolutionary change evolved example extinction rate factors favor females Figure fitness fossil record function Futuyma gametes gene conversion gene flow gene frequencies genetic drift genetic variation genome genotypes geographic groups habitats heritability heterozygotes heterozygous higher taxa homozygotes homozygous host human hybrid inbreeding increase individual insects interactions Lewontin linkage disequilibrium loci locus males mammals mating mechanisms molecular morphological mutation natural selection nucleotide occur offspring organisms pairs parasites pattern phenotype phylogenetic phylogeny plants polymorphism predators prey proteins pseudogenes random recombination relative reproductive isolation sequence sexual similar speciation structure survival sympatric taxon theory tion trait transposable elements variable variance