Evolutionary BiologySinauer Associates, 1986 - 600 pagine Covers the genetic, developmental, and ecological mechanisms of evolutionary change, the major features of evolutionary history as revealed by phylogenetic and paleontological studies, and material on adaptation, molecular evolution, co-evolution, and human evolution. |
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Pagina 72
Douglas J. Futuyma. RATES OF MUTATION Mutation rates are typically scored by the frequency with which a new mutant arises among the progeny in a population ( often a laboratory population ) of nonmutant individuals . Hence they are ...
Douglas J. Futuyma. RATES OF MUTATION Mutation rates are typically scored by the frequency with which a new mutant arises among the progeny in a population ( often a laboratory population ) of nonmutant individuals . Hence they are ...
Pagina 76
... mutation is advantageous , disadvan- tageous , or neutral ( Chapters 6 and 7 ) . THE RANDOMNESS OF MUTATIONS Mutations occur at random . This does not mean that all loci mutate at the same rate , nor that all imaginable mutations are ...
... mutation is advantageous , disadvan- tageous , or neutral ( Chapters 6 and 7 ) . THE RANDOMNESS OF MUTATIONS Mutations occur at random . This does not mean that all loci mutate at the same rate , nor that all imaginable mutations are ...
Pagina 133
Douglas J. Futuyma. MUTATIONS IN FINITE POPULATIONS In a very large population , the rate of gene frequency change due to mutation alone is likely to be low , because the mutation rate at a locus is likely to be about u = 105 or 10 ° per ...
Douglas J. Futuyma. MUTATIONS IN FINITE POPULATIONS In a very large population , the rate of gene frequency change due to mutation alone is likely to be low , because the mutation rate at a locus is likely to be about u = 105 or 10 ° per ...
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adaptive adaptive radiation allele frequency allozyme Amer amino acid ancestor animals average behavior biological birds bristle number caused cells Chapter characters chromosome cladistic coefficient coevolution competition copies correlated deleterious developmental differentiation distribution divergence Dobzhansky Drosophila melanogaster ecological effect environment environmental enzyme equilibrium evidence evolutionary change evolved example extinction rate factors favor females Figure fitness fossil record function Futuyma gametes gene conversion gene flow gene frequencies genetic drift genetic variation genome genotypes geographic groups habitats heritability heterozygotes heterozygous higher taxa homozygotes homozygous host human hybrid inbreeding increase individual insects interactions Lewontin linkage disequilibrium loci locus males mammals mating mechanisms molecular morphological mutation natural selection nucleotide occur offspring organisms pairs parasites pattern phenotype phylogenetic phylogeny plants polymorphism predators prey proteins pseudogenes random recombination relative reproductive isolation sequence sexual similar speciation structure survival sympatric taxon theory tion trait transposable elements variable variance