secured the election of Cicero, though they relished little the idea of helping forward a novus homo.52

Viewed in connection with the general movement of which it was an incident, the earlier conspiracy is not by any means wanting in interest, though, as above intimated, both it and the later conspiracy, in themselves considered, were events of no great importance. As signs of the times they were significant enough, but being left to the mismanagement of incompetent and more or less egotistical captains, they were from the start doomed to failure, at least so far as the dreams of the immediate leaders were concerned. The situations which they promised to precipitate were such as to delight the hearts of the silent accomplices, and it must have been infinitely galling to the latter that, after their long scheming, the state was "saved" by an upstart, while they themselves came off only with badly damaged reputations.

52 A similar situation occurred in 60 B.C., when the optimates gravely and officially adopted "campaign methods" to secure the election of Bibulus as a check on Caesar, who also was then a candidate for the consulship and likely to be elected; see Suet. Iul. 19.

53 In the event of large advancement for Caesar they might of course have received some reward. For, whatever other faults he had, Caesar was not careless about remembering old associates when he had any patronage to dispense.

In Harpers' Latin Dictionary there are listed, exclusive of proper names, 1095 words in -ium, 462 in -ius, 103 in -ion, 3 in -ios; in all 1663. There are many more in the Thesaurus so far as published: under a, 104, under b, 33, under c, up to the word cauterium, 47 that are not in Harpers'. These additional words are found mainly in the inscriptions, the glosses, and in very late Latin literature. In Harpers' Dictionary from a to cauterium there are 244 words; in the Thesaurus, within the same limit, there are 345. If this proportion should be maintained in the forthcoming parts of the Thesaurus, there may be found perhaps 2350 words.

An inquiry concerning the occurrence of the genitive forms. of these words meets with many difficulties. I have consulted the principal Latin lexicons, the Thesaurus so far as published, Neue's Formenlehre, Georges' Lexicon of Latin word-forms, the published lexicons to the separate authors, the indices to the important editions, scattered notes in commentaries, grammars, journals and dissertations; and where no lexicon has been made. for an author I have surveyed the entire works of that author, and have included all the works named in the list given in Harpers' Dictionary, with some additions. One of the best lists of references on the subject is in Wölfflin's Archiv XIV, 339. The

accuracy of the evidence is impaired by differences in editorial judgment, and also by human limitations; but it may be trusted to show tendencies, if nothing more. The MS. reading in numerous cases is not available, and many editors have passed lightly over the question.

I know of no occurrence of a genitive singular form in the following words, and therefore cite the nominative singular: