ANALYSIS OF BOOK XXIV.

B.C. 215. ITALY. The Locrians give themselves up to Hannibal. Capture of the town of Croto by the Bruttii, (i-iii.)

SICILY. Hieronymus king. His ministers. The influence of Andranodrus and Zoippus for Carthage, and that of Thraso for Rome. Thraso accused by Theodotus and put to death, (iv., v.) Embassy from Hieronymus to Hannibal, who sends back as his agents Hippocrates and Epicydes. Remonstrance of App. Claudius, and Hieronymus's answer. His death, (vi-viii.)

ROME. Q. Fabius presides at the election of officers for the ensuing year. He disallows the election of

Otacilius.

B.C. 214. Consuls-Q. Fabius IV.; M. Claud. Marcellus III. Prætors-Q. Fulv. Flaccus (urbanus); T. Otacilius (to

command the fleet); Q. Fabius (son of the consul); P. Cornel. Lentulus (in Sicily).

Gracchus retains his post at Luceria. Q. Mucius has Sardinia. Pomponius is stationed in Gaul, and Varro at Picenum, (ix—xi.)

ITALY. Alarm of the Capuans. Deputation from Tarentum to Hannibal. His attempts on Puteoli, Naples and Nola, (xii., xiii.) Hanno at Beneventum. Gracchus and his Volones, (xiv-xvi.) Second repulse of Hannibal before Nola. Default of C. Claud. Nero, (xvii.) Siege of Casilinum. Its capture. [Censorship at Rome, (xviii.)] Some of Gracchus's cohorts defeated by Hanno. Tarentum secured by Livius (xix., xx.)

against Hannibal, who winters at Salapia.

SICILY. Marcellus appointed to the command.

SYRACUSE. Events on the death of Hieronymus. Andranodorus seizes the citadel. Arrival of Sosis and Theodotus. Meeting of the Senate. Andranodorus gives up the citadel. Elected prætor with others; among them Sopater and Dinomenes, who seize the royal treasure at Leontini, and convey it to Syracuse. Doings of Hippocrates and Epicydes. Andranodorus and Themistus, their plots and death. Speech of Sopater. Heraclea and her daughters. Hippocrates and Epicydes made prætors. Deputies to Marcellus from Syracuse. His hopes of a peaceful issue. Effect of the appearance of the Roman fleet off Syracuse. Speech of Apollonides, (xxi-xxviii.)

Leontine deputation at Syracuse asking for aid. Hippocrates proceeds to Leontini. Attack on a Roman post. Marcellus demands the expulsion of Hippocrates and Epicydes from Sicily. Their intrigues. Leontini stormed by Marcellus. Exaggerated report of the action. Effect on the Syracusan army. Hippocrates

and Epicydes forge letters as to Marcellus from the prætors at Syracuse. Revolution at Syracuse. Hippocrates and Epicydes elected sole prætors, (xxix-xxxii.) Syracuse summoned by Appius. Reply of Epicydes. Siege of Syracuse. Archimedes, (xxxiii., xxxiv). Marcellus recovers Helorus, Herbessus, and Megara. Pursued by Himilco with superior force. Retires to the camp before Syracuse. Himilco takes Agrigentum and Murgantia. Henna. L. Pinarius. Effect of his conduct on the other Sicilian towns, (xxxv-xxxix.) MACEDON. M. Valerius takes Oricum and relieves Apollonia (xl.), taking Philip by surprise.

SPAIN. Successes of Hasdrubal and Mago among the Spanish tribes. Revolt of all Spain from Rome imminent. Timely movement of P. Corn. Scipio. His subsequent dangerous position relieved by his brother Cnæus. Revolt of Castulo to the Romans. Cn. Scipio relieves Ilitergis and Bigerra. His victory at Munda. Wins a second victory. Romans retake Saguntum. Turdetani punished, (xli., xlii.)

ROME. Action against the censors by Metellus. Stopped by veto of the tribunes. Election of officers for B.C. 213.

Consuls-Q. Fabius Maximus, son of the late consul;

Tib. Semp. Gracchus, iterum; to conduct the war against Hannibal.

Prætors-Atilius, præt. urbanus; P. Semp. Tuditanus at Ariminum; Cn. Fulv. Centumalus at Suessula; M. Emil. Lepidus at Luceria,

Other officers: M. Claudius Marcellus in Sicily, where Lentulus, too, was to retain his command; T. Otacilius to command the fleet; M. Valerius in Greece and Macedon; Q. Mucius has Sardinia, and C. Terentius Picenum (xliii., xliv.)

B.C. 213. Dasius Altinius. His treachery. Fate of himself and family. Arpi stormed. Desertion of 112 Campanian youths from Capua to Rome. Semp. Tuditanus takes Atrinum. Conflagration at Rome, (xlv., xlvi.)

SPAIN. Plans of the Scipios to operate in Africa. Syphax gained as an ally. Q. Statorius drills his troops. Carthaginian alliance with Gala. Victories of his son Masinissa. Three hundred Celtiberians sent by the Scipios into Italy to seduce their countrymen serving in Hannibal's army, said by Livy to be the first employment of mercenaries in the Roman army, (xlviii., xlix.)

BOOK XXIV.

I. 1. Ut...reditum est.

See Bk. XXIII. ch. xlvi.

2. Rhegium. The Rhegians remained faithful to Rome, but the Locrians had given way. Croto, too, had fallen, except the citadel. (Bk. xxIII. ch. xxx.)

6. a. Bruttiis in colloquio, &c., "In the conference, no trust was at first placed in anything that the Bruttians said."

b. pauci magis taciti...auderent. "A few, more by their silence, shewed that they were for maintaining their allegiance, than by any bold expression of their wishes."

11. in potestatem...esset. Supply traditus, or some such word. Esse is not infrequently used in this way with the prep., and an acc. where we might rather expect an ablative. See below, ch. viii. § 14, stantibus...in aciem.

II. 3. a. ne quid non pro sociis egisse viderentur, “lest they should seem to have acted in a way inconsistent with their duty as allies."

b. caveri. Cavere ab aliquo is "to take a guarantee from any one." See Bk. XXII. ch. lx.

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4. præsentium esse, was for those on the spot to determine," sc. Hanno, or Bomilcar. See Bk. xxIII. ch. xli. 7. vasta, waste." This is explained in the following chapter, "post vastitatem eo bello factam vix pars dimidia habitabatur."

III. 1. a. ante Pyrrhi...adventum. In B.c. 281. b. flumen. The Æsarus.

I