The sign+, called plus, placed between numbers, signifies that the numbers are to be added together; thus 5 + 4, 5 plus 4, signifies 5 and 4 added together. How many are 5 + 4 + 3? How many are 4 + 3 + 2? How many are 7+ 6 + 5? How many are 9+ 8 +7? The sign, denotes equal to; thus 10 + 5 + 4 = denotes that the sum of 10 and 5 and 4 is equal to 19. For large numbers, employ RULE III. (19.) To add two or more Numbers together. 19, 1. Set the numbers one under another, with units under units, tens under tens, &c. 2. Proceeding from right to left, add up each column of figures, and under each set its amount, if less than 10. 3. If the amount of a column be 10 or more, set down its right hand figure, and add the left figure or figures to the next column; but set down the whole amount of the last column. EXAMPLE. What is the amount of 930 dollars, 6754 dollars, and 8621 dollars, when united in one sum ? 930 6754 8621 Answer. 16305 Having set units under units, tens under tens, and hundreds under hundreds, we say 1 and 4 e 5, and set 5 under the units column. Then, 2 and 5 and 3 are 10; this is 10 tens, equal to 1 hundred; we therefore set 0 under the tens column, and add 1 to the next column. Then 1 and 6 and 7 and 9 are 23; this is 23 hundreds, equal to 2 thousand and 3 hundred; we therefore set 3 under the hundreds column, and add 2 to the next column, which makes 16 for that column. The left-hand figure in the amount of any column, is the number of tens in that amount; and these tens are units of the next order on the left (10); hence the left-hand figure must be added to the next column. The Operation Proved. (20.) Addition is proved by adding the columns downwards. This changes the order in which the figures are taken, and will be likely to show whether any error has been committed. EXERCISES. 1. John has 95 chestnuts, Thomas has 180, and Charles 270; what number have they all together? Ans. 545 chestnuts. 2. A farmer being asked how many sheep he had, replied: "in one field I have 410, in another, 500, in another 602;" how many had he? Ans. 1512 sheep. 3. A merchant bought cloth for 375 dollars, linen for 83 dollars, silk for 234 dollars, and calico for 75 dollars. What sum did he expend for the whole? Ans. 767 dollars. 4. A gentleman bought a carriage for 350 dollars, a pair of horses for 240 dollars, and a set of harness for 100 dollars; what did the whole amount to? Ans. 690 dollars. 5. Going out to collect money, I received from one person 13 dollars, from another 124 dollars, from another 89 dollars, and from another 20 dollars. What was the whole sum collected? Ans. 246 dollars. 6. An agriculturist raised on one field 685 bushels of grain ; on another 97 bushels, on another 330, and on another 1000 bushels. How many bushels did he raise altogether? Ans. 2112 bushels. 7. Allowing a person's estate to be estimated as follows, viz real estate 9000 dollars, personal property 1375 dollars, cash 300, and recoverable debts 875 dollars; what would be the value of his estate? Ans. 11550 dollars. 8. Admitting I bought of one person 500 bushels of wheat, of another 934 bushels, of another 83 bushels, and of another 125 bushels; how many bushels did I buy in all? Ans. 1642 bushels. 9. Three farmers deposite flour in the same warehouse; the first, 43 barrels ; the second, 150 barrels; and the third, 89 barrels. What quantity do they all deposit? Ans. 282 barrels. 10. A merchant bought 4 pieces of cloth; the first for 225 dollars, the second for 310 dollars, the third for 279 dollars, and the fourth for 95 dollars. What did the whole cost him? Ans. 909 dollars. 11. If a merchant buy a stock of goods for 5000 dollars, for what sum must he sell the goods to gain 475 dollars? Ans. 5475 dollars. 12. Bought a barrel of sugar for 15 dollars, a barrel of molasses for 13 dollars, and a sack of coffee for 20 dollars. For what sum must the whole be sold to gain 10 dollars? Ans. 58 dollars. 13. A person on a journey travels, the first week 255 miles; the second, 240 miles; the third and fourth, each 200 miles. How far did he travel in the four weeks? Ans. 895 miles. 14. Four persons engage in speculation; A gains 75 dollars, B 100 dollars, C and D each 235 dollars; what sum was gained by them all? Ans. 645 dollars. 15. A draper sold four bales of linen; the first and second contained each 480 yards, the third and fourth each 542 yards. How many yards did he sell? Ans. 2044 yards. 16. Bought of A. 325 bushels of wheat; of B, 280 bushels; of C as much as from A; and of D as much as from B; what quantity of wheat did I buy from them all? Ans. 1210 bushels. 17. A gentleman bought three plantations at 3750 dollars each, and sold them again at such prices as gained 1000 dollars on the whole; for what sum did he sell the three plantations? Ans. 12250 dollars. 18. Bought at one time 375 barrels of flour, for 1875 dollars; and at another 400 barrels, for 2000 dollars; how many barrels were bought in all, and for what sum of money? Ans. 775 barrels, for 3875 dollars. 19. A lends to B 2500 dollars, to C 3000 dollars, and has 5325 dollars left; what sum had A at first? Ans. 10825 dollars. 20. A speculator bought stock at one time for 325 dollars, and at another time for 705 dollars. In selling the whole he made a profit of 175 dollars; for what sum did he sell? Ans. 1205 dollars. 21. Three persons form a partnership in trade. A puts in 4250 dollars, B 2000 dollars, and C as much as A and B together; what is their whole stock in trade? Ans. 12500 dollars. 22. A gentleman is 15 years older than his wife, and she is 20 years older than their eldest son, who is 29 years of age. Find the gentleman's age, and the age of his wife. Ans. His age is 64 years; hers 49. 23. A merchant bought cloth for 375 dollars, and silk for 95 dollars. In selling, he gained 50 dollars on the cloth, and 45 dollars on the silk; for what sum did he sell the whole ? Ans. 565 dollars, 24. The produce of two farms was as follows, viz: of the first, 785 bushels of wheat, and 250 of rye; of the second, 1000 bushels of wheat, and 113 of rye. What was the entire produce of the farms? Bushels of wheat must be united in one sum, and bushels of rye in another; for dissimilar quantities (7) cannot be added together. Ans. 1785 bushels of wheat, and 363 of rye.· 25. A grocer paid 300 dollars for sugar, 174 dollars for coffee, 85 dollars for rice, and 56 dollars for tobacco. He sold the sugar at a profit of 25 dollars, and the other articles at cost; what did he receive for the whole? Ans. 640 dollars. 26. A merchant bought 4 bales of cotton; the first and second contained 470 yards each, the third and fourth 532 yards each. What was the number of yards purchased? Ans. 2004 yards. 27. Bought live-stock as follows, viz: of A 13 cows, 16 oxen, and 120 sheep; of B 24 cows, 30 oxen, and 153 sheep; and of C 100 cows, and 425 sheep. What was the amount of stock purchased? Ans. 137 cows; 46 oxen; 698 sheep. 28. A father bequeathed to his only daughter 2500 dollars, and to each of his two sons 500 dollars more than to his daughter. What was the amount of the several bequests? Ans. 8500 dollars. dollars, of cotton The cloth was 29. Bought a quantity of cloth for 386 for 200 dollars, and of silk for 150 dollars. sold at a profit of 73 dollars, the cotton at a profit of 35 dollars, and the silk at cost; what sum was received for the whole ? Ans. 844 dollars. 30. A farmer has in store at one place 500 bushels of wheat, 325 of oats, and 50 of corn; and at another, 475 bushels of wheat, 75 of oats, and 83 of corn. What amount of produce has the farmer in store? Ans. 975 bushels of wheat; 400 of cats; 133 of corn |