Evolutionary BiologySinauer Associates, 1986 - 600 pagine Covers the genetic, developmental, and ecological mechanisms of evolutionary change, the major features of evolutionary history as revealed by phylogenetic and paleontological studies, and material on adaptation, molecular evolution, co-evolution, and human evolution. |
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Pagina 199
... mean of the parents ( the MIDPARENT VALUE ) in the cross AA × A'A ' is ( 6 + 4 ) / 2 5. This is the mean of the F1 progeny ( AA ' ) , and the F2 progeny as well [ ( 4 × 6 ) + ( 1⁄2 × 5 ) + ( 1⁄4 × 4 ) = 5 ) ] . In contrast , if there is ...
... mean of the parents ( the MIDPARENT VALUE ) in the cross AA × A'A ' is ( 6 + 4 ) / 2 5. This is the mean of the F1 progeny ( AA ' ) , and the F2 progeny as well [ ( 4 × 6 ) + ( 1⁄2 × 5 ) + ( 1⁄4 × 4 ) = 5 ) ] . In contrast , if there is ...
Pagina 201
Douglas J. Futuyma. variance , and ŵ is mean fitness , the mean will change by an amount ΔΕ = VA dw w dz · per generation ( Lande 1976a ) . ( This expression , in which dw / dź is the slope of the relation between w and z , assumes that ...
Douglas J. Futuyma. variance , and ŵ is mean fitness , the mean will change by an amount ΔΕ = VA dw w dz · per generation ( Lande 1976a ) . ( This expression , in which dw / dź is the slope of the relation between w and z , assumes that ...
Pagina 543
... mean . -3σ -20 -σ 0 σ 20 За 68 % of area 96 % of area 99.7 % of area area under the curve ; for example , 68 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation on either side of the mean . If S is large , this fraction of ...
... mean . -3σ -20 -σ 0 σ 20 За 68 % of area 96 % of area 99.7 % of area area under the curve ; for example , 68 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation on either side of the mean . If S is large , this fraction of ...
Sommario
CONCEPTIONS AND MISCONCEPTIONS | 7 |
EVOLUTION SINCE THE SYNTHESIS | 13 |
ADAPTATION AND ENVIRONMENT | 19 |
Copyright | |
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adaptive adaptive radiation allele frequency allozyme Amer amino acid ancestor animals average behavior biological birds bristle number caused cells Chapter characters chromosome cladistic coefficient coevolution competition copies correlated deleterious developmental differentiation distribution divergence Dobzhansky Drosophila melanogaster ecological effect environment environmental enzyme equilibrium evidence evolutionary change evolved example extinction rate factors favor females Figure fitness fossil record function Futuyma gametes gene conversion gene flow gene frequencies genetic drift genetic variation genome genotypes geographic groups habitats heritability heterozygotes heterozygous higher taxa homozygotes homozygous host human hybrid inbreeding increase individual insects interactions Lewontin linkage disequilibrium loci locus males mammals mating mechanisms molecular morphological mutation natural selection nucleotide occur offspring organisms pairs parasites pattern phenotype phylogenetic phylogeny plants polymorphism predators prey proteins pseudogenes random recombination relative reproductive isolation sequence sexual similar speciation structure survival sympatric taxon theory tion trait transposable elements variable variance