University of the State of New York 111th examination PHYSICS Thursday, June 15, 1893-1: 15 to 4: 15 p. m., only 100 credits, necessary to pass, 75 Credits allowed each answer depend on its completeness and accuracy Give one illustration 8 I Distinguish between cohesion and adhesion. of the former and three illustrations of the latter. 2 Make a diagram of two open glass tubes of different diameters, partly immersed in water, showing the form of the surface of the water both within and without the tubes. 8 3 Represent by three lines the intensity and direction of three unequal non-parallel forces applied at the same point. Show by diagram how to find the resultant. 8 4 A force of 10 pounds is applied to the end of a crank 15 inches in length. which turns a wheel having 16 teeth. This acts on a wheel of 48 teeth mounted on an axle three inches in diameter on which is wound a rope. How many pounds weight on the rope can be raised by the force mentioned, if 10% is allowed for friction? I 2 5 How many gallons of water an hour will be discharged through a round orifice two inches in diameter, under a head of 12 feet, deducting 40% for friction and contraction of vein? 6 Explain by diagram the action of the siphon. 16 16 7 Convert the thermometer reading 20° below zero C. into the corresponding reading F. 12 8 How many heat units are required to convert one pound of ice at o° C. into steam at 100° C.? I 2 9 State one advantage possessed by each of the following systems of house heating over one or both the others: hot air, hot water, steam. 8 University of the State of New York Examinations Department 111th examination ADVANCED PHYSICS Monday, June 12, 1893-1: 15 to 4: 15 p. m., only 100 credits, necessary to pass, 75 Credits allowed each answer depend on its completeness and accuracy 1 Compare the effects produced by frictional electricity with those produced by the primary current from a battery. 2 Describe the Edison system of incandescent lighting. 6 16 3 In what direction is a magnetic needle deflected by an electric current? 4 Define sound and state the range of the human ear. ΙΟ 4 5 If we assume middle C as having 264 vibrations, how many will F next above have? 4 6 From the echo how would you compute the distance of the reflecting surface? Give illustration. 12 7 Make a diagram of a compound microscope, showing the relations existing between the object, the lenses, the foci and the images. 12 8 Describe some form of polariscope and the method of using it. 12 9 State three points of advantage and one of disadvantage belonging to the Galilean telescope as compared with the ordinary terrestrial telescope. 12 IO In the case of a concave mirror, state the situation of the foci conjugate to each of the following points: (a) center of curvature ; (b) half way between center of curvature and surface of mirror; (c) between center of curvature and infinity. 12 University of the State of New York 109th examination 20TH EXTENSION EXAMINATION ELECTRICITY Saturday, April 15, 1893-7: 15 to 10:15 p. m., only Answer any 10 of these questions but no more I Give a brief outline of the early history of electricity and magnetism. 2 Mention four methods of developing electricity. What are charged bodies and what is the law of their action? 3 Describe the effects of a current (a) on a conductor; (b) on a magnetic needle; (c) on other currents. of a current and how is it measured? 4 Define resistance of a conductor. What is the electromotive force State on what this resistance depends and according to what laws it is governed. 5 Mention points of resemblance and of difference between the phenomena produced by a magnet and those produced by an electrified body. 6 Describe the construction of an electromagnet, explaining its action and mentioning important applications. 7 Describe the dynamo as to its field magnets, armature, electric circuit and commutator. 8 What is the difference between a dynamo and an electric motor? What power operates the motor? What, the dynamo? 9 What are primary currents? secondary currents? How may their direction be determined? 10 Describe the telephone and explain its action. II What is meant by the fall of potential in a wire? State and illustrate Ohm's law. 12 What is a divided circuit? Describe Wheatstone's bridge. 13 Explain the process of electroplating. 14 Describe a storage battery and state the principle involved. What is the volt? the ohm? the ampère? 15 Explain briefly methods of electric lighting. University of the State of New York Examinations Department 107th examination CHEMISTRY Wednesday, January 25, 1893—9: 15 a. m. to 12: 15 p. m., only 100 credits, necessary to pass, 75 Credits allowed each answer depend on its completeness and accuracy I Why is it very difficult to weld large bars of iron? 5 2 One pound of iron is converted into an oxide by the action of the air; write the probable formula of the oxide and compute its weight. (Fe=56 0=16.) 12 3 Describe one method of preparing oxygen. What are the tests for oxygen? 8 4 Give one method of preparing nitrogen from the air. What are the tests for nitrogen? 8 5 Define oxidizing agent, reducing agent. What compound of nitrogen is used in oxidation? reduction? Why? 8 4 6 Why is nitrogen an important constituent of most explosives? 7 Give the formula, the mode of preparation with reactions, the properties and the use of nitrous oxide. ΙΟ 8 If chlorine and hydrogen are mixed and exposed to sunlight what takes place? What is the product called? What proportions by volume of Cl and H enter into it? What proportions by weight? ΙΟ 9 A piece of colored calico is moistened and suspended in a jar of Cl; describe the chemical action which takes place. ΙΟ 10 What are the effects of heat and electricity on chemical action ? Illustrate by examples. 4 II Define and give an illustration of each of the following terms: base, acid, salt. I 2 13 What is a reagent? What is the use of hydrogen sulphide as a reagent? 5 12 Give proots of the presence of sulphur in sulphur water and in coal gas. 4 University of the State of New York 108th examination CHEMISTRY Wednesday, March 15, 1893-9: 15 a. m. to 12: 15 p. m., only 100 credits, necessary to pass, 75 Credits allowed each answer depend on its completeness and accuracy I Define chemical element, chemical compound, atomic weight, valence, molecular weight. 15 2 A spoonful of common salt is dissolved in a glass of water; is the resulting solution a mixture or a compound? Give reasons. 5 3 Give in full (a) the meaning of every letter and figure in each. term of the following equation; (b) the meaning of the equation as a whole H, SO+Zn-H2+Zn SO4. 2 4 15 4 When are elements said to be in a nascent state? What peculiarity do most substances exhibit when in this state? Illustrate. ΙΟ 5 Is the air a mixture or a compound? Describe an experiment to prove the correctness of your answer. 15 6 Write in words the name of each of the following substances: HNO3, HNO,, KNO3, CO2, N2O, NO. 7 Define base, acid, salt. I 2 6 8 What is the quantity by weight of each of the elements composing 100 pounds of sulphuric acid? I 2 9 If 806.4 grams of water are decomposed what is the volume of each of the resulting elements? (1 liter of H weighs .0896 g.) ΙΟ |