Evolutionary BiologySinauer Associates, 1986 - 600 pagine Covers the genetic, developmental, and ecological mechanisms of evolutionary change, the major features of evolutionary history as revealed by phylogenetic and paleontological studies, and material on adaptation, molecular evolution, co-evolution, and human evolution. |
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Pagina 199
... mean of the parents ( the MIDPARENT VALUE ) in the cross AA × A'A ' is ( 6 + 4 ) / 2 5. This is the mean of the F , progeny ( AA ' ) , and the F2 progeny as well [ ( 1⁄4 × 6 ) + ( 1⁄2 × 5 ) + ( 4 × 4 ) = 5 ) ] . In contrast , if there ...
... mean of the parents ( the MIDPARENT VALUE ) in the cross AA × A'A ' is ( 6 + 4 ) / 2 5. This is the mean of the F , progeny ( AA ' ) , and the F2 progeny as well [ ( 1⁄4 × 6 ) + ( 1⁄2 × 5 ) + ( 4 × 4 ) = 5 ) ] . In contrast , if there ...
Pagina 201
Douglas J. Futuyma. variance , and ŵ is mean fitness , the mean will change by an amount Az = VA dw W dz • per generation ( Lande 1976a ) . ( This expression , in which dw / dź is the slope of the relation between ŵ and ź , assumes that ...
Douglas J. Futuyma. variance , and ŵ is mean fitness , the mean will change by an amount Az = VA dw W dz • per generation ( Lande 1976a ) . ( This expression , in which dw / dź is the slope of the relation between ŵ and ź , assumes that ...
Pagina 543
... mean . -3σ -20 -σ 0 σ 20 За 68 % of area 96 % of area 99.7 % of area area under the curve ; for example , 68 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation on either side of the mean . If S is large , this fraction of ...
... mean . -3σ -20 -σ 0 σ 20 За 68 % of area 96 % of area 99.7 % of area area under the curve ; for example , 68 percent of the observations fall within one standard deviation on either side of the mean . If S is large , this fraction of ...
Sommario
CONCEPTIONS AND MISCONCEPTIONS | 7 |
EVOLUTION SINCE THE SYNTHESIS | 13 |
ADAPTATION AND ENVIRONMENT | 19 |
Copyright | |
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adaptive adaptive radiation allele frequency amino acid ancestor average behavior biological birds bristle cells Chapter characters chromosome coefficient coevolution common competition copies correlated deleterious developmental differentiation distribution divergence Drosophila melanogaster ecological effect environment environmental enzyme equilibrium evidence evolution evolutionary change evolved example factors favor females Figure fitness fossil record function Futuyma gametes gene conversion gene family gene flow gene frequencies genetic drift genetic variation genome genotypes geographic groups heritability heterozygotes heterozygous higher taxa homologous homozygotes homozygous host human hybrid inbreeding increase individual insects interactions Lewontin linkage disequilibrium loci locus males mammals mating mean mechanisms molecular morphological mutation natural selection neoteny nucleotide occur offspring organisms pairs parasites pattern phenotypic phylogenetic phylogeny plants polymorphism population predators prey proteins pseudogenes random recombination related species relative reproductive isolation segments sexual similar speciation structure survival sympatric theory tion traits transposable elements variable variance vertebrates