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by simple Subj. [§ 154].—2. Political t. t.: With Objective clause: a. To vote that or for.

guard; to take heed, care, or precaution; to be cautious; to beware.-2. Folld. by ab: To be on one's, etc., guard-b. Of the Senate: To decree, against, to beware of.-3. resolve, ordain. With simple Subj., ne being omitted [154]; (in this construction only in imperat.): To take heed that, to beware

lest.

cecidissem, pluperf. subj. of

cado.

cēd-o, cessi, cessum, cēděre, 3. v. n.: 1. To go, go along. -2. To go away, retire, depart, withdraw.-3. To turn out, issue, eventuate, result. -4. With Dat.: To yield, give way, submit to [Gr. root xad, whence xáSouai (i. e. χάδ-σομαι), “to retire ”].

cělěbr-o, āvi, ātum, āre, 1. v. a. [cělěber, célébr-is, "renowned"] ("To make celeber"; hence) To render renowned or famous; to celebrate.

Celer, ĕris, m. [celer, "swift"] Celer; a cognomen of Quintus Metellus; see Metellus.

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cens-or, ōris, m. [cens-čo, "to value, or assess" property] ("One who values" property: hence) A Censor. The Censor. were Roman magistrates, who originally had the charge of the people so far only as their property was concerned, and who classified them according to the value of their possessions. Gradually however they attained a power which extended to the superintendence of morals and conduct in general. They also let out the public tolls, made contracts for the erection or repairs of public edifices, and procured victims for the public sacrifices. At first the Censors, who were two in number, were elected for five years: but afterwards a law was passed that they should be chosen every five years, but continue in power only for a year and a half.

censuĕram, pluperf. ind. of censeo.

centum, num. adj. indecl. A hundred [akin to Sans. çatan ; Gr. ἕκατον].

وو

censeo, ui, um, ēre, 2. v.a. centuri-o. ōnis, m. [centŭri("To reckon or count"; hence) a, "a century or division of 1. To be of opinion, reckon, troops in the Roman armies, consider, etc.;-at lii. 26 folld. I originally, though not always,

containing 100 men] ("One having-i. e. commanding-a centuria ") A centurion.

cēpĕrim, perf. subj. of capio. cerno, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, 3. v. a. ("To separate or sift"; hence) To see, perceive, whether by the eye or the mind;-at lxi. 1 the second person sing. of Subj. mood (cerneres) is used indefinitely in the force of the Engl. "one"; French, " [root CRE or CER; akin to Gr. kpí-vw; Sans. root KṚI, "to separate"].

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certă-men, minis,n. [cert(a)"to contend"] ("That which contends"; hence) 1. A contest, fight, battle, engagement, etc.-2. A contest, dispute, etc.

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ceterum, adv. [adverbial neut. acc. of ceterus, "the rest"] ("As to the rest or what remains"; hence, "in other respects, otherwise"; hence) 1. Besides, moreover.—2. But, yet, notwithstanding, still.

c-ētĕr-us, a, um, adj.: 1. Sing. (rare): The rest or remainder of that denoted by the subst. to which it is in attribution.-2. Plur.: The rest of that denoted by the subst. to which it is in attribution; the remaining, the other.

cert-e, adv. [cert-us," sure"] ("After the manner of the certus"; hence) Surely, assuredly, certainly-certe scio, I-As Subst.: a. cētĕri, ōrum, know assuredly or certainly, I m. plur. The rest of or the am sure or convinced. remaining persons; the rest, the others.-b. cētĕra, ōrum, n. plur. The rest of or the remaining things [prob. demonstr. particle ce; Sans. pron. itar-a, "the other"].

cer-to, tāvi, tātum, tāre, 1. v. n. intens. [fr. CER, root of cerno, in force of "to fight"] 1. a. To fight, contend, struggle. -b. Impers. Pass.: certatur, (It is fought, i. e.) The battle is waged; Hist. pres.-2. To contend, struggle, put forth efforts for one's own purposes.

Cĕthēgus, i, m. Cethegus (Caius); one of Catiline's accomplices. The part assigned to him by Lentulus, under whose orders he was placed, was the attempted murder of Cicero; xliii. 2. He was one

3. With cum: In a good sense: To vie with, to emulate, etc.; ix. 2.

of those who were strangled in the Tullianum; lv. 6.

Cicer-o, onis, m. [cicer, "a chick-pea"](" One having a cicer" i. e. either marked with a spot resembling one, or skilled in raising this species of pulse) Cicero (Marcus Tullius); the greatest of the Roman orators and writers, born at Arpinum, 3rd January, B.C. 106; murdered by the soldiers of Mark Antony, B.C. 43. He was consul B.C. 63 in conjunction with C. Antonius (xxiv. 1), and by his prompt and decisive measures saved Rome from the terrible consequences that would have ensued had Catiline's conspiracy proved successful.

Cimbr-ĭcus, ĭca, ĭcum, adj. [Cimbr-i, "the Cimbri," a people of Northern Germany, who in conjunction with the Teutones invaded the South of Europe and defeated six Roman generals and their armies. They were conquered by Marius, B.C. 101, in the Raudii Campi, near Verona] Of, or pertaining to, the Cimbri; Cimbric: bellum Cimbricum, the Cimbric war (lix. 3); see above.

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Cinna, æ, m. Cinna (Lucius Cornelius); a Roman patrician, who was consul B.C. 87, and was unconstitutionally deposed from his consulate by

the senate. Hereupon he fled from Rome and raised an army with which he invested it by land, while Marius, returning from Africa, blockaded it on the sea-side. Upon the capture of the city the friends of Sulla were ruthlessly massa. cred; see Marius and Sulla.

circ-iter, adv. [circ-us, "a circle"] With words denoting time or number: About, near, much about, not far from.N.B. An Abl. or Acc. is often found in connexion with circiter, but independent of it as to construction.

circum, adv. and prep. [adverbial acc. of circus, "a ring"] (" In a ring"; hence) 1. Adv.: Around, round about; xxx.-2. Prep. gov. acc.: Around,round about, all round.

circum-eo, (circă-), īvi or ii, ĭtum, īre, v. a. [circum, "around"; ĕo, "to go"] To go around.

circumeundo, Gerund in do fr. circumeo.

circum-fěrɔ, tuli, latum, ferre, 3. V. a. [circum, "around"; fero, "to carry"] To carry around.

circumiens, ĕuntis, P. pres. of circumeo.

circumtulisse, perf. inf. of circumfĕro.

circum-věnio, vēni, ventum, věnīre, 4. v. a. [circum, "around"; venio, "to come"]

("To come around"; hence) of a civis"; hence," citizen1. To surround, encompass ;·- ship"; hence) 1. A state, at lviii. 20 without Acc. of commonwealth.-2. The peonearer Object.-2. With ac-ple of a state, citizens. cessory notion of hostility: To surround, beset.-3. To oppress, beset, distress, etc.-4. To circumvent, deceive, cheat,

cla-des, dis, f. ("A breaking" to pieces; hence) 1. Injury, 'mischief, disaster, etc.; xxxix. 4.-2. Slaughter, massa

clamor, ōris, m. [clam-o, "to cry out"] Outcry, clamour, shout, etc.

defraud. Pass.: circum-cre, etc. [kλd-w, "to break "]. věnior, ventus sum, věnīri. circumventus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of circumvenio. că-ter, tra, trum, adj. [for cis-ter; fr. cis, "on this side"] On this side, hither. Comp. citĕr-ior; (Sup.: ci- [akin to clu-čo, : timus).

citĕrior, us; see citer.

cit-o, adv. [cit-us, "quick"] ("After the manner of the citus"; hence) Quickly, soon, speedily.

clarissimus, a, um, sup. adj.; see clārus.

cla-rus, ra, rum, adj. "to hear"] ("Heard"; hence) 1. Celebrated, renowned, famous, illustrious.-2. Evident, manifest, clear, plain, etc. (Comp.: clar-ior); Sup.: clarissimus.

ci-tus, ta, tum, adj. [cĭ-čo, clau-do, si, sum, děre, 3. v. "to put in motion "]("Puta. ("To shut" something that in motion"; hence) Quick, rapid.

civ-ilis, ile, adj. [cīv-is, "a citizen "] Of, or pertaining to, a citizen or to citizens; civil.

1. cīvis, is, comm. gen. ("A dweller "; hence) 1. A citizen, as a dweller in a city.-2. A fellow-citizen, fellow-countryman; xliv. 1 [akin to Sans. root KSHI, "to dwell"].

2. civis = cives, acc. plur. of 1. civis.

cīv-itas, ĭtātis, f. [civ-is, 'a citizen "] ("The condition

is open, "to close"; hence) 1. To shut, enclose, encompass, surround.-2. To shut up, conceal, keep close in the breast, etc.; x. 5.-Pass.: claudor, sus sum, di [akin to kλeí-w, "to shut"].

clausus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of claudo.

cli-ens, entis, comm. gen. [for clu-ens, which is also found; fr. clu-ĕo, "to hear"] ("The hearing one"; hence) 1. At Rome: A client.-2. Of foreign nations: A retainer, dependant, adherent.

Cn., abbrev. of Cneius.

locution for the imperf. ind.

CneĬus, ii, m. Cneius; a of such inf., with the concomi

Roman prænomen. coæquandus, a, um, Gerundive of coæquo.

co-æquo, æquavi, æquatum, æquare, 1. v. a. [co (= cum), "with"; æquo, "to make equal

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tant notion of some duration; polliceri cœpit = pollicebatur; see polliceor.

co-ercĕo, ercăi, ercitum, ercere, 2. v. a. [for co-arceo; fr. co (= cum), in “intensive”

or even"]("To make one force; arceo, "to enclose"] thing "equal or even with("To enclose wholly "; hence) another; hence) To even, To restrain, check, curb, keep level. within bounds, etc.

co-ǎlesco,ălăi, ǎlĭtum, ǎlescĕre, 3. v. n. [co (= cum), "together"; alesco, "to grow"] ("To grow together"; hence) To unite in one body; to become united, join together firmly. căălăĕrim, perf. subj. of coalesco.

co-arguo, argui, no sup., arguĕre, 3. v. a. [co (= cum), in "strengthening" force; arguo, "to convict"] To con vict, prove guilty.

cœl-um, i, n. ("The hollow or vaulted thing"; hence) Heaven, the heavens, the sky: -ad cœlum tollere or ferre, (to lift or bear to the heavens; i. e.) to exalt or extol to the skies; xlviii. 1; liii. 1 [akin to koîλ-os, "hollow"].

cœp-io, i, tum, ĕre, and isse [contr. fr. co-apio; fr. co (= cum), in "augmentative" force; ap-io," to lay hold of"] ("To lay hold of"; hence) 1. To begin, commence.-2. With pres. inf. as a circum

cōg-ito, ĭtāvi, ĭtātum, ĭtāre, 1. v. a. [contr. fr. co-ăgito; fr. co (cum), in "augmentative" force; ǎgito, "to revolve," etc., in the mind] 1. To revolve thoroughly; to weigh or ponder well; to think.-2. To plan, purpose, meditate.

co-gna-tus, ta, tum, adj. [co (= cum), "with"; gnascor(na-scor), "to be born"] ("Born with" another; hence) Connected by birth, related by blood.-As Subst.: cognatus, i, m. A blood-relation, kinsman, either on the father's or the mother's side.

cognitus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of cognosco.

co-gnosco, gnōvi, gnitum, gnoscere, 3. v. a. [co (= cum), in "augmentative" force; gnosco (= nosco), "to become acquainted with "] ("To become acquainted with on all sides"; hence) 1. To become thoroughly acquainted

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