C. Flamin.2 festo venienti obviam objecerat, consulem lancea transfixit. Cn Servilius spoliare cupientem triarii objectis scutis arcuere. magnæ partis fuga inde primum cœpit: ei" jam nec lacus nec montes The Roobstabant pavori. per omnia arta præruptaque velut cæci mans fly. evadunt; armaque et viri super alium alii præcipitantur . pars magna, ubi locus fugæ deest, per prima vada paludis in aquam progressi, quoad capitibus humerisque exstare possunt, sese immergunt. fuere quos inconsultus pavor nando etiam capessere fugam impulerit, quæ ubi immensa ac sine spe erat, aut deficientibus animis hauriebantur gurgitibus, aut nequicquam fessi vada retro ægerrime repetebant, atque ibi ab ingressis aquam hostium equitibus passim trucidabantur. sex millia ferme primi agminis, per adversos hostes eruptione impigre facta, ignari omnium quæ post se agerentur ex saltu evasere, et cum in tumulo quodam constitissent, clamorem modo ac sonum armorum audientes, quæ fortuna pugnæ esset neque scire nec perspicere præ caligine poterant. inclinata 7 denique' re, cum incalescente sole dispulsa nebula aperuisset diem, tum liquida jam luce montes campique perditas res stratamque ostendere fœde Romanam aciem. itaque ne in conspectos procul immitteretur eques, sublatis raptim signis, quam citatissimo poterant agmine, sese abripuerunt. postero die, cum super cetera extrema fames etiam ID 9 The scutum properly belonged to the triarii; cf. viii, 8; ix, 19. GL. L, de M. R. iii, 2. D.-clipeis 4, 5 L. B. HF. hubi 5 L. GA.-et cet. Mss. and Edd.-etiam (joined) 3 L. H. præcipitant conj. (cf. ii, 51; xxv, 11.) GB. jem. cf. ix, 2. G.-festi vadarentro P.-festinaverant retro cet. Mss. kto see thoroughly,' which sense is not applicable here: but cf. xl, 22. D. to see through.' R.-præspicere 3 P.-prospicere B. GB. to see at a distance,' (in opposition to conspicere to see near ;') cf. x, 32; xxi, 49; to see from a height; cf. 14; xxiv, 21; BU, on O. H. v, 63; nn, on Front. Str. i, 2, 1; iii, 9, 3: either of which senses would suit this passage. D. 1 em. G.-adimque P.-ad inique F. -ad iniqua pl. Mss. mem. from Mss. G. cf. xliv, 36. D.—calescente pl. Mss. 12; xxv, 18; xxxii, 30; Tac. A. iv, 24, 1. R. We have the same metaphor: Long time in even scale The battle hung;" Milton P. L. vi, 245 sq. 8 Cf. xxvi, 17, 11; Cic. T. Q. i, 26; BU, on Ph. iii, 10, 42; discussa nebula xxix, 27; Pliny H. N. xii, 17; Curt. iv, 12, 23; dilapsa xli, 2. D. 9 • Extremities, ἔσχατα, δεινότατα, άπορα, to be taken with cetera: B. unless extrema fames is put for ad extremum fames: as riλivis used in Greek. C. Flamin.2 Cn Servilius instaret, fidem dante Maharbale, qui cum omnibus equestribus copiis nocte consecutus erat, si arma tradidissent, abire cum singulis vestimentis passurum,' sese dediderunt. quæ Punica religione servata fides ab Hannibale est, atque in vincula omnes conjecit. xxi, 4. Loss on both sides; P. iii, Hæc est nobilis ad Trasimenum pugna atque inter 7 84 899; E. paucas memorata populi Romani clades. quindecim millia iii, 9; D. iv, Romanorum in acie cæsa sunt; decem millia, sparsa fuga 15; AHO. per omnem Etruriam, diversis itineribus urbem petiere. 10. mille quingenti hostium in acie, multi postea utrinque ex vulneribus periere. multiplex' cædes utrinque facta traditur ab aliis. ego præterquam quod nihil auctum ex vano velim, quo nimis inclinant ferme scribentium animi, Fabium æqualem temporibus hujusce belli potissimum auctorem habui3. Hannibal, captivorum qui Latini nominis essent, sine pretio dimissis 5, Romanis in vincula datis, segregata ex hostium coacervatorum cumulis corpora S. v,655sqq. suorum' cum sepeliri' jussisset, Flaminii quoque corpus n 6 4 om. conj. (because atque properly joins two predicates of the same subject; and if a colon be placed at est, the construction will resemble sacerdos in custodiam datur: pueros in aquam mitti jubet, i, 4; rerum divinarum habita cura: et regem sacrificulum creant, ii, 2 ;) ST. from the latter example we might conjecture et or isque ED. as sentences where the subject is different are constantly joined by et or que, and that with a transition from active to passive, or the converse; ii, 56; iii, 38; iv, 17; xxii, 20; xxiii, 8; 18; xxiv, 21; 25; xxv, 35; xxix, 32; xxxiii, 36; xxxvi, 31; xxxvii, 20; xli, 25. ST. R.-qui conj. DE. but we may suppose Livy to have sometimes expressed himself harshly, as Thucydides has done. B. conjecti al. Mss. pr. C. R. b a cf. D, on Sil. i, 264. adversis pl. and opt. Mss.-aversis 3 P. 4 L. thus avertit iter, 9; GB. by bye roads ;' cf. xxvii, 41; Plaut. Pers. iii, 3. 39; Ov. M. xiv, 120. devium iter is used in the same sense, xxviii, 35; Cic. Att. ix, 14, 10. G. om. for it is likely, that, of the Romans, few or none died of their wounds after the battle, since those who were severely wounded could hardly have escaped from the field of action, ubi ab lateribus montes ac lacus, a fronte et ab tergo hostium acies claudebat, 5. P2. pr. C. Many however, whose wounds were not dangerous in the first instance, might have perished after reaching the mountains, or have dropped from fatigue and loss of blood upon the road. ED. cem. WL. compare the phrase ii rò μsifov xooμñoas, Thuc. i, 10. ED.-assertum HF marg. but this, in the sense of affirmatum, is not a word of the Augustan age. D.-asertum B.-asserturum 3 L.haustum cet. Mss. and Edd. dvario GA. conj. LT. U. E. cf. xxi, 28; ED. CO, on Pl. Ep. ii, 1; D. on Sil. x, 290: but vanum denotes what is without good foundation; ne cujus incerti vanique auctor esset, iv, 13. D. λários, B. for wasiwv Her. v, 45; vii, 48; [cf. n. 55; iii, 135, n. 40; ED.] viii, 143. ST. 2 Q. Fabius Pictor wrote Roman annals about 530 Y. R. cf. i, 44; 55; xxiii, 11; Dion. i, 6 his fidelity as an historian is impugned by Pol. i, 14; 58; iii, 9; and Dion. iv, 30; but defended by E, Op. Phil. 5 Telling them at the same time, that he was not come to wage war with the Italians, but only with the Romans, in order to restora liberty to Italy: cf. Pol, ST. funeris causa magna cum cura inquisitum non in-Ca Servilius venit. e 6 C.Flamin.2 PF. 175; Romæ ad primum nuntium cladis ejus cum ingenti Alarm at terrore ac tumultu concursus in forum populi est factus. Rome. matronæ vagæ per vias, quæ repens clades allata quæve fortuna exercitus esset', obvios percunctanturf. et cum frequentis concionis modo turba in comitium et curiam C. i, 402; versa magistratus vocaret 7, tandem haud multo ante solis s.vi, 552 sq. occasum M. Pomponius prætor "pugna" inquit "magna "victi sumus." et quanquam nihil certius ex eo auditum est, tamen alius ab alio impleti rumoribus domos referunt 'consulem cum magna parte copiarum cæsum, superesse 'paucos aut fuga passim per Etruriam sparsos aut captos ab 'hoste.' quot casus exercitus victi fuerant, tot in curas dispertiti eorum animi erant quorum propinqui sub C. Flaminio consule meruerant, ignorantium quæ cujusque suorum fortuna esset. nec quisquam satis certum habet quid aut speret aut timeat. postero ac deinceps 10 aliquot diebus ad portas major prope mulierum quam virorum multitudo stetit, aut suorum aliquem aut nuntios de his opperiens; circumfundebanturque obviis sciscitantes, neque avelli, utique ab notis, priusquam ordine omnia inquisîssent poterant. inde varios vultus digredientium ab nuntiis cerneres, ut cuique aut læta aut tristia nuntiabantur, gratulantesque aut consolantes redeuntibus domos circum- Fatal effects fusos. feminarum præcipue et gaudia insignia erant et of sudden joy in two luctus. unam in ipsa porta sospiti filio repente oblatam cases. g c. 8; xxi, 30. ED.-recens 1 P.-repetens 5 L. ff either sit or percunctabantur conj. B. but cf. i, 41; ii, 37; v, 27; nn, on Tac. A. i, 39, 9; vi, 32, 2. R. 8 degredientium cf. xxi, 36, 3. conj. B. but the other word marks, in a more picturesque manner, the breaking up, and dispersion to their several homes, of the little knot of listeners which had gathered round each new-comer. ED. 6 Cf. xxvii, 36; C. i, 36; xlv, 20; Var. L L. iv, 3. R. 7 The crowd called on the magistrates to tell them what had really happened: the latter were desirous of extenuating the bad news as much as possible. SA. 8 The plural is used because alius ab alio has a collective sense: thus populi mirantium i, 41; quisque i, 59; ii, 6; 22'; (D.) iii, 56; vi, 3; xxiv, 1; xxv, 12; senatus ii, 9; plebes ii, 38; xxiv, 2; multitudo xxiv, 3; hostis P xxv, 21; cuneus xxv, 34; colors xxiv, 1; pars i, 53; vi, 24; ætas xxvii, 51; civitas xxix, 14; cf. iii, 47; xxii, 4; xxix, 12; nn, on Sil. v, 495. R. 9 Some being slain, others taken prisoners, others wounded, and some having escaped unhurt. C. 10 Successive,' 'running;' s or ins in Hom. Il. z 241: cf. i, 21; 44; iii, 39; 60; v, 17; 37; 51; vi, 5; ix, 6; D, on ii, 47. R. C. Flamin.2 Cn Servilius in conspectu ejus exspirâsse ferunt; alteram, cui mors filii falso nuntiata erat, mæstam sedentem domi, ad primum conspectum redeuntis filii gaudio nimio exanimatam. senatum prætores per dies aliquot ab orto" usque ad occidentem solem in curia retinent, consultantes quonam duce aut quibus copiis resisti victoribus Pœnis posset. Another serious loss; P. iii, 86; N. xxii, 4; AHn. 9; 11; cf. xxv, 19; Z. viii, 24; S. xii, 463; O. iv, 16. iv, 31. em. 6 Priusquam satis certa consilia essent, repens alia nun-8 tiatur clades, 'quattuor millia equitum cum C. Centenio proprætore' missa ad collegam ab Servilio consule in Umbria, quo post pugnam ad Trasimenum auditam averterant iter, ab Hannibale circumventa.' ejus rei fama varie homines affecit. pars, occupatis majore ægritudine animis, levem ex comparatione priorum ducere recentem equitum jacturam; pars non id quod acciderat per se æstimare, sed ut in affecto corpore quamvis levis causa magis quam valido gravior sentiretur, ita tum ægræ et affectæ civitati quodcunque adversi inciderit, non rerum magnitudine, sed viribus extenuatis, quæ nihil quod aggravaret pati possent, æstimandum esse 5. itaque ad remedium jam diu neque desideratum neque adhibitum, dictatorem dicendum, civitas confugit. et quia et consul aberat, a quo uno dici posse videbatur, nec per occupatam armis Punicis Italiam facile erat aut nuntium aut litteras mitti, nec dictatorem populus creare poterat, quod nunquam ante eam diem h V.-ortu Mss. a em. from Pol. and others. S. LT. CV, I. A. ii, 3, 587; PG, b However,'' although,' An. DXIX, p. 97. D.-Centonio pl. Mss.-Centronio al. i, 4; ii, 39; 51; 54; v, 6; xxxviii, 19; cf. BU, on Ph. i, 28, 1. D. R.-qurvis conj. AN. in ad. 2 P. pr. D. R. dom. al. Mss. pr. D.J. but jam diu could not well apply to the short time that Hannibal had been in Italy: and Livy is here speaking of a dictator appointed to conduct operations; the last of which description was A. Atilius Calatinus, more than thirty There had, indeed, been some dictators in the interim, years before this period, 204 Y. R. this Fabius a few years previously, before him L. Cæc. Metellus, before Metellus C. Duilius, before Duilius T. Coruncanius; but they were created solely for the purpose of holding comitia. S. C. D. e sed conj. M. xxx, 44; and often in Sen. Cels. and Veget. cf. VP, and HY, on Tib. i, 8, 51, wegíorasıs in Greek. ST. 4 Which might augment with any new weight a burden already heavy of itself;' RS. cf. iv, 12; vi, 27; xliv, 7. premere and onerare are used in this sense, and are therefore tantamount to augere, v, 39; xxxiv, 62; xxxvin, 56; as opposed to levare or elevare; cf. ii, 13; 21; Tac. A. i, 69, 7. R. 5 Before this infinitive the verb ducere must be repeated. RS. cf. xxi, 16, 5. R. 6 oppugnare C. Flamin.2 Minucius, horse; P. fails in an attack on factum erat, prodictatorem populus creavit Q. Fabium Cn Servilius Maximum et magistrum equitum M. Minucium Rufum. hisque negotium ab senatu datum ut muros turresque Fabius, pro' urbis firmarent, et præsidia disponerent quibus locis vide- dictator; retur, pontesque rescinderent fluminum: ad penates' pro master of ⚫ urbe dimicandum esse, quando Italiam tueri nequissent.', 87. 9 Hannibal recto itinere per Umbriam usque ad Spole-Hannibal tum venit. inde, cum perpopulato agro urbem adortus esset, cum magna cæde suorum repulsus, conjec- Spoletum; tans ex unius coloniæ haud nimis prospere tentatæ viribus C. i, 250; quanta moles1 Romanæ urbis esset, in agrum Picenum" 86. avertit iter, non copia solum omnis generis frugum abundantem, sed refertum præda, quam effuse avidi atque egentes rapiebant. ibi per dies aliquot stativa habita, refectusque miles hibernis itineribus ac palustri via prælioque magis ad3 eventum secundo quam levi aut facili le ravages affectus. ubi satis quietis datum præda ac populationibus Italy, P. magis quam otio aut requie gaudentibus, profectus Prætu- P. iii, 88; d 271; P. iii, iii, 13 sq; f em. G.-ac penatibus P. F. C. 1 PE. one of C.-a penatibus conj. PZ.-ac pro penatibus REac tum penatibus GA.-ac cum penatibus 1, 3 P. V. 2 PE. ME. 1, 3, 4 L. H. B. -ae cum Panis 2 P. 5 L. B. HF. R. pr. S. GB.-ac tum pro penatibus ant. Edd. Spoletium F. V. CV, I. A. ii, 7, 633. CR. b According to SM, on Fl. i, 19; and GV, on Cic. Sen. 4; Picenum is the name of the country, and its ethnic adjective is Picens or Picentinus: but CV, I. A. ii, 11, 723, has shown, by many examples from Cæs. Cic. and Livy, that the territory is called indifferently Picenum or ager Picenus; add xxiii, 14; xxiv, 10; Cic. de Cl. Or. 14; id. Cat. ii, 3; Off. iii, 18; Pliny H. N. xiv, 3. D. Besides which, we often find Picena poma, Picena vitis, Piceni cadi, Picena porcæ, &c. CV. c vertit H. but cf. 8; xxi, 23; xxxviii, 16. D. dem. (cf. xxv, 33; iii, 25 ;) when sufficient rest had been given by the general to his soldiers.' G. pr. C. R. cf. xxi, 27; 37. ED.-quieti Mss. when sufficient time had been devoted to rest by the soldiers.' G. pr. D. 6 Cf. 31. RS. 1 The magnitude and the strength.' 2. Etiam is often omitted after non modo, i, 40, R. or non solum, iii, 36; but not so much when mere addition is denoted, as when that addition is of something more important; RS. xxi, 41: but, what is more, &c.' 3. As respects,' zará, invicti ad laborem corporis, ix, 16; nequaquam par ad virtutem tir, xxvi, 16; ad cetera egregius, xxxvii, 7; Ov. M. xii, 167; Cic. Off. i, 20; R. ad contumeliam inexpertus, vi, 18. D. In the first and last of these examples the Greek idiom would require a genitive. 4 This may be made the dative, or ablative absolute; DJ. cf. impositis xxiv, 40; ST. but this latter construction is awkward. R. Or put a semicolon after datum; and make the construction profectus gaudentibus, i. e. |