"succinctus armis legionibusque vivat, velut materiam P. C. Scipio igni præbentes, ad exercitus misistis. aluistis ergo hoc T.S.Longus "incendium, quo nunc ardetis. Saguntum vestri cir"cumsident exercitus, unde arcentur fœdere : mox Car 66 66 66 66 thaginem circumsidebunt Romanæ legiones, ducibus. "iisdem diis per quos priore bello rupta fœdera sunt ulti. utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis? legatos ab sociis et pro sociis 7 venientes bonus imperator vester in castra non admisit, jus gentium sustulit. hi tamen, unde ne hostium quidem legati arcentur, pulsi ad vos veniunt, res ex fœdere repetunt 10. publica fraus absit; auctorem culpæ et "reum criminis deposcunt "1. quo lenius 12 agunt, segnius incipiunt, eo, cum cœperint, vereor ne perseverantius "sæviant. Ægates 13 insulas Erycemque 1 ante oculos P. i, 44; 60 “proponite; quæ terra marique per quattuor et viginti 599; Pt. iii, annos passi sitis. nec puer hic dux erat, sed pater ipse 36; L. xxii, "Hamilcar, Mars alter 15, ut isti volunt. sed Tarento, id 684 sqq; ii, "est Italia 16, non abstinueramus ex fœdere, sicut nunc Sagunto non abstinemus. vicerunt ergo dii 17 hominesque; et id 18 de quo verbis ambigebatur, uter populus "fœdus rupisset, eventus belli velut æquus judex, unde 697; xiv, "jus stabat, ei victoriam dedit. Carthagini nunc Han-203. O. iv, 3. Ph. in P. iii, 26. P. i. 7-11. S. i. 299 sqq. 66 66 14 4; F. ii, 2, 56; S. i, 34; 309 sq. xxi, 41; xxviii, 41; P.1, 55, 58; ii, 7; S. vi, xiv, ep. de re queruntur ad. al. Mss-jure queruntur (i. e. jure gentium agunt, i, 14; iii, 26; Florus ii, 5.) conj. GR. cf. xxii, 3, b. d F. V. PE. 2 P. C. H.-tum in (for id est) G. C. -tunc T. utque I. G 2d.-var. cet. Mss. 7 From your allies the Romans, and on behalf of their allies the Saguntines.' R. 8 Ironically, as in v, 5. cf. Sil. ii, 240. R. 9 Intimating that he was the general of the Barcine faction, but not of the senate. D. 10 The Romans are willing to acquit us of blame in a corporate capacity.' B. taking it for granted that the fault of breaking the trace does not attach to the Carthaginians as a body, but to Hannibal individually, and that he alone ought to suffer for it.' C. 11 Ad supplicium is understood, as in ii, 13; xxi, 18; xxxviii, 33; and is supplied in c. 44. D. 12 Leniter agere, iii, 50; vii, 31. D. 13 Off these islands C. Lutatius Catulus gained a splendid victory over Hanno, which terminated the first Punic war, Y.R. 512. R. xxii, 14, 14 Whence Hamilcar withdrew the garrison (which had been blockaded by the Romans) on paying a certain ransom. C. R. 15 "Agu ions as tertius Cato; Juv. ii, 40; sapientum octavus; Hor. S. ii, 3, 296. R. 16 Italy was expressly named in the treaty, and that of course included Tarentum. G. The Carthaginians sent succours to the Tarentines, against the Romans, who were besieging in the citadel Milo the lieutenant of Pyrrhus. R. 17 The gods, who were invoked to witness and to sanction the oaths, which ratified the treaty now broken.' R. RS. 18 As regards the point, which was debated between us, namely &c:' R. xxxv, 33. P.C. Scipio "nibal vineas turresque admovet; Carthaginis mœnia T.S.Longus quatit ariete. Sagunti ruinæ (falsus utinam vates sim) "nostris capitibus incident, susceptumque cum Sagun"tinis bellum habendum cum Romanis est. dedemus xxiii, 13. N. xxi, 4. VÆ. vii, 319 sqq. 66 66 ergo Hannibalem? dicet aliquis. scio meam levem esse "in eo auctoritatem propter paternas inimicitias. sed et "Hamilcarem eo 19 perîsse lætatus sum, quod, si ille vi“veret, bellum jam cum Romanis haberemus; et hunc juvenem tanquam furiam facemque hujus belli odi ac "detestor. nec dedendum solum id piaculum rupti "fœderis, sed si nemo deposcat, devehendum in ultimas "maris terrarumque oras, ablegandumque 20 eo unde nec "ad nos nomen famaque 21 ejus accidere neque ille "sollicitare quietæ civitatis statum possit. ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos, qui senatui satis"faciant; alios, qui Hannibali nuncient ut exercitum ab "Sagunto abducat, ipsumque Hannibalem ex fœdere "Romanis dedant: tertiam legationem ad res Saguntinis "reddendas decerno." cum Hanno perorâsset, nemini 11 omnium certare oratione cum eo necesse fuit: adeo1 cides in fa- prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat; infestiusque Hannibal. locutum arguebant Hannonem quam Flaccum Valerium 6. legatum Romanum. responsum inde legatis Romanis est 'bellum ortum ab Saguntinis, non ab Hannibale esse: P.iii.22 sqq. populum Romanum injuste facere, si Saguntinos vetus'tissimae Carthaginiensium societati præponat.'\ The Carthaginian Senate de vour of Dum Romani tempus terunt legationibus mittendis, Hannibal, quia fessum militem præliis operibusque habebat, paucorum iis dierum quietem dedit, stationibus ad custodiam vinearum aliorumque operum dispositis. interim animos eorum nunc ira in hostes stimulando nunc • ad al. Mss and Edd. but cf. vi, 21; ix, 10; xxii, 22; G. viii. 9. D. A demonstrative or relative placed between two nouns always agrees with the latter: B. cf. i, 39; vi, 21; viii, 9; xxîì, 6; xxiv, 42. R. f cf. xxi, 61; xxvii, 29; 50; xxviii, 7; xxxii, 30; xlv, 28; xl, 32. G. D. xgavyǹ xgoríxirri, Plut. Fab. p. 181 A. R.-accedere Mss. landa conj. G. a stimu 19 For this reason,' i, 11; ii, 48; iii, quo cupio, ubi non Pelopidarum nomen famam66; iv, 7; &c. D. 20 Understand censeo. B. 21 This seems an allusion to the words of an old poet quoted by Cicero; pervenire ali que audiam. ST. So decidedly' or for as much as;' cf. pr. ii, 24; 27 sqq; &c. R. 2 Cf. xxii, 50, j. R. b spe præmiorum accendit. ut vero pro concione prædam P. C. Scipio captæ urbis' edixit militum fore,' adeo accensi omnes T.S.Longus sunt, ut si extemplo signum datum esset, nulla vi resisti videretur posse. Saguntini ut a præliis quietem habuerant, nec lacessentes nec lacessiti per aliquot dies, ita non nocte non die unquam cessaverant ab opere, ut novum murum ab ea parte, qua patefactum oppidum ruinis erat, reficerent. inde oppugnatio eos aliquanto atrocior quam ante adorta est; nec qua primum aut potissimum parte ferrent opem, cum omnia variis clamoribus streperent 3, satis scire poterant. ipse Hannibal, qua turris mobilis omnia Ve. iv, 17. munimenta urbis superans altitudine agebatur, hortator aderat. quæ cum admota, catapultis ballistisque 5 per omnia tabulata dispositis, muros defensoribus nudâsset", tum Hannibal occasionem ratus quingentos ferme Afros cum dolabris ad subruendum ab imo murum mittit. nec erat difficile opus, quod cæmenta 7 non calce durata erant sed interlita luto, structuræ antiquæ genere. itaque latius quam cæderetur ruebat, perque patentia ruinis agmina armatorum in urbem vadebant. locum quoque editum capiunt, collatisque eo catapultis ballistisque, ut castellum in ipsa urbe velut arcem imminentem haberent, muro circumdant. et Saguntini murum interiorem ab nondum Resolute capta urbis parte ducunt. utrinque summa vi et muniunt the Sagunet pugnant: sed interiora tuendo minorem in dies urbem tines. Saguntini faciunt. simul crescit inopia omnium longa obsidione, et minuitur exspectatio externæ opis, cum tam procul Romani, unica spes, circa omnia hostium 10 essent. paullisper tamen affectos animos recreavit repentina profectio Hannibalis in Oretanos Carpetanos 9 firmness of bom. conj. R. © HV. 1 L?-in diem cet. Mss. The latter expression is seldom joined to any other verb than vivere; the former implies quotidie, but adds to the meaning the notion of progressive increase or diminution, and therefore is generally found accompanied by a comparative. V. xxxv, 41. 3 Cf. xxii, 14; xxv, 25. D. 4 L, Poliorc. ii, 4. D. 5 L, Poliore. iii, 2 sq. D. The catapultæ were for hurling darts, the balliste for throwing stones; the latter were the more massive engines. C. 6 Cf. ix, 39; xxi, 8; 14; xxxii, 39; xxxvii, 6; xxxviii, 27; xl, 6. D. 7' Rough stones' opposed to sarum quadratum, i, 26. 8 Sternitur altior turris, latere coctili firmissime structa: cujus ruina muri contiguum latus secum immani fragore protraxit; Ammian xxiv, 4. G. 9 Understand loca muri. R. 10 In the hands of the enemy.' DE. P.C.Scipio que, qui duo populi delectus acerbitate consternati, T.S.Longus retentis conquisitoribus 12 metum defectionis cum præbuissent, oppressi celeritate Hannibalis omiserunt mota arma 13. nec Sagunti oppugnatio segnior erat, Maharbale 12 Himilconis filio (eum præfecerat Hannibal) ita impigre rem agente, ut ducem abesse nec cives1 nec hostes sentirent. is et prælia aliquot secunda fecit, et tribus arietibus aliquantum muri discussit, strataque omnia recentibus ruinis advenienti Hannibali ostendit. itaque ad ipsam arcem extemplo ductus exercitus, atroxque prælium cum multorum utrinque cæde initum, et pars arcis capta est. Ineffectual attempts at peace. Tentata deinde per duos est exigua pacis spes, Alconem Saguntinum et Alorcum Hispanum. Alco insciis. Saguntinis, precibus aliquid moturum ratus, cum ad Hannibalem noctu transisset, postquam nihil lacrimæ movebant condicionesque tristes ut 3 ab irato victore ferebantur, transfuga ex oratore factus apud hostem mansit, 'moriturum' affirmans qui sub condicionibus his de pace ageret.' postulabatur autem redderent res Turdetanis, traditoque omni auro atque argento egressi urbe 13. cum singulis vestimentis ibi habitarent ubi Pœnus jus'sisset.' has pacis leges abnuente Alcone accepturos Saguntinos, Alorcus, vinci animos ubi alia 1 vincantur affirmans, se pacis ejus interpretem fore pollicetur. erat autem tum miles Hannibalis, ceterum publice Saguntinis amicus atque hospes. tradito palam telo custodibus hostium, transgressus munimenta ad prætorem Sagun a C.-quem ed. G. C. b B. F?-aliquantulum ed. G. D. xxxiii, 17; xxxvii, 6; xliv, 8; &c: D. but cf. xlii, 20. upper part,' cf. i, 54; xxv, 7; xxvi, 23; xl, 45; discutere, the parts.' DU. 11 These two nations occupied New Castile;' the former, which was to the south, was so called from Oretum, Oreto,' its capital; the chief city of the latter was Toletum, now Toledo.' AW. R. 12 These were the officers sent to superintend and enforce the levies of soldiers; xxx, 7; E. xxi, 21. R. cf. xxiii, 32; xxv, 5; xxix, 34 sq; Cic. Prov. Cons. 2. WR. 13 Abandoned the war they were commencing.' R. 1 The citizens of Saguntum.' RS. 2 Trial was made whether it would be c decussit conj. as in xxxii, 17; decutere is to throw down the 'to throw down so as to disperse possible to obtain,' x, 16; xxviii, 38; xxxiii, 27. R. 3 As might be naturally expected,' ola sixòs. E. viii, 30; xxii, 21; xxiii, 14; xxiv, 45; xxvi, 46; xxix, 1; xxx, 3; 11; xli, 2; R. xxvii, 28. 4 For cetera, RS. or reliqua, i, 12; iii, 17; v, 55; &c. E. all other protections against the enemy,' DŒ. viz. walls, fortifications, DJ. CP. arms, and physical powers: C. arma ac mania, as mentioned in the next chapter. 5 Of the Saguntine people,' C. vs. 66 66 Alorcus on tinum (et ipse ita jubebat) est deductus. quo cum ex- P. C. Scipio T.S.Longus templo concursus omnis generis hominum esset factus, summota cetera multitudine senatus Alorco datus est 6, 13 cujus talis oratio fuit. "si civis vester Alco, sicut ad Speech of "pacem petendam ad Hannibalem venit, ita pacis condi- the subject. "ciones ab Hannibale ad vos rettulisset, supervacaneum “hoc mihi fuisset iter, quo nec orator1 Hannibalis nec transfuga ad vos venissem. cum ille aut vestra aut sua culpa manserit apud hostem (si metum simulavit, sua; vestra, si periculum est apud vos vera referentibus), ego, ne ignoraretis esse aliquas et salutis et pacis "vobis condiciones, pro vetusto hospitio quod mihi vo"biscum est, ad vos veni. vestra autem causa me, nec "ullius alterius, loqui quæ loquor apud vos, vel ea fides sit, quod, neque dum vestris viribus restitistis, neque "dum auxilia ab Romanis sperastis, pacis unquam apud vos mentionem feci. postquam nec ab Romanis vobis "ulla spes est, nec vestra vos jam aut arma aut monia "satis defendunt, pacem affero ad vos magis necessariam quam æquam. cujus ita aliqua spes est, si eam quemad" modum ut victor fert Hannibal, sic vos ut victi audietis"; "si non id quod amittitur in damno, cum omnia victoris sint, sed quicquid relinquitur pro munere habituri estis. " urbem vobis, quam ex magna jam parte dirutam, captam fere totam habet, adimit; agros relinquit, locum "assignaturus in quo novum oppidum ædificetis. aurum "et argentum omne, publicum privatumque, ad se jubet "deferri conjugum vestraque corpora ac liberorum “vestrorum servat inviolata, si inermes cum binis vesti- 12. "mentis velitis ab Sagunto exire. hæc victor hostis im 66 b с 2 G. pr. B.-audiatis Mss. C. D. b corpora vestra, conjugum C. F. privis conj. L. vii, 37; xxx, 43. But it is possible that Hannibal, finding Alco so averse to the original terms, permitted Alorcus to propose less rigid conditions: if, indeed, it be certain that Alorcus went with Hannibal's knowledge and authority. D.-unis conj. DJ.-Perhaps it may mean one change besides what they had on their backs.' DŒ. 6 This phrase denotes that a meeting of the senate was called expressly to give him audience,' viii, 5; xxi, 18; xxvi, 21; xxxvii, 52. R. to be called upon to speak before senates and popular assemblies, certain powers of oratory were an indispensable qualification for such as were employed in diplomatic missions. 1 'An envoy,' DŒ. i, 15; 38. When 2 Even this may prove :' C. cf. xxiii, 12; those who were sent on legations were liable xxxviii, 51; xxvi, 24. R. D |