P. C. Scipio gentos, et parva Ilergetum manus ex Hispania, ducenti T.S.Longus equites, et ne quid' terrestris deesset auxilii genus, elephanti quattuordecim. classis præterea data" ad tuendam maritimam oram', quia qua parte belli vicerant3, ea tum quoque rem gesturos Romanos credi poterat, quinquaginta quinqueremes, quadriremes duæ, triremes quinque; sed aptæ instructæque remigio triginta et duæ quinqueremes erant et triremes quinque.

Hannibal's

i, 24; V. i,

158-219;

P. iii, 48.

4

Ab Gadibus Carthaginem ad hiberna exercitus rediit. dream. CD atque inde profectus præter Etovissam urbem ad Iberum 7, 1; S. iii, maritimamque oram ducit. ibi fama est in quiete visum ab eo juvenem divina specie, qui se ab Jove' diceret ducem in Italiam Hannibali missum: proinde sequeretur, neque usquam a se deflecteret oculos.' pavidum primo, nusquam circumspicientem aut respicientem, secutum; deinde cura humani ingenii, cum quidnam id esset quod respicere 7 vetitus esset agitaret animo, temperare oculis nequivisse; tum vidisse post sese serpentem mira magnitudine cum ingenti arborum ac virgultorum strage ferri, ac post insequi cum fragore cæli nimbum. tum quæ moles ea quidve prodigii esset' quærentem audîsse vastitatem Italiæ esse: pergeret porro ire, nec ultra inquireret, sineretque fata in occulto esse.'

& Lergetum 2 L. Acgynrãv dì rgianorious. Pol.-Vergetum 3, 4 L. H.-Vegetum V. 1 L.-Illergetum B.-Isergetum 5 L. It is strange that among the African troops should be mentioned a small squadron of one remote nation of Spain, which the arms of Carthage had not yet reduced; Pol. 35; Liv. 23. Of the Lergetes in Africa nothing is known; [Niygir? R.] and Livy, deceived by the similarity of the name, might have set them down as the people of Spain. SW. с ccc Pol. f F. C.-quod al. Mss.

8 XXIIII 5 L.-εἴκοσι καὶ ἵνα, Pol. hest ad. B. N.-1 L. i tuendæ maritima ora 3-5 L. HF. of which reading there are traces in other Mss. j'Hróßnoa, an inland city of the Edetani, is mentioned, Ptol. ii, 6. GL.-omissam F. C. V. 1, 2, 4 L. B. GA.-Obmissam H.-Obvissam D.-Anissam 3 L.-var. cet. Mss. k pl. Mss.

que om.

3 In the first Punic war. R. 4 Nautico instrumento aptæ ; xxx, 10. C. πληρώματα ἔχουσαι. Pol. S. parata aptataque lintres; 27; cf. Virg. Æ. iii, 472; viii, 80; iv, 482; vi, 798; Čic. Off. iii, 29; R. Cat. xxviii. GB.

5 For remigibus; as in xxvi, 39; 51; thus servitium, ii, 10; xxviii, 11; &c; dietatura, viii, 12; arma, xxii, 34; 45; xxx, 14; xxxv, 35; xli, 12; advocatio, iii, 47; cf. Tac. A. ii, 13; Juv. iv, 39; 81; notes. R.

ing what is forbidden, especially when it partakes of the marvellous.' DE.

7 Ne respexeris, Virg. E. viii, 102: ärrgoos, Soph. E. C. 490; àσrgipon öμpasir, Æsch. Ch. 93. ärrgiros, Theocr. This notion was intimately connected with the superstitions of the ancients, as in the fable of Orpheus.

8 To restrain his eyes:' cf. xxxii, 20; xxxiii, 20; D. ii, 23; Tac. A. iii, 14. R.

To rush on violently,' igratas, R. Her. vii, 210, n. 68; viii, 87, n. 83; 91, n.

6 The desire so natural to man of know- 100; Esch. adv. Ctes. 33; Thuc. iv, 34.

a

xxxix, 56;

He passes

nees.

23 Hoc visu lætus tripartito Iberum copias trajecit, præ- P. C. Scipio missis qui Gallorum animos, qua traducendus exercitus T.S.Longus erat, donis conciliarent Alpiumque transitus specula- Hannibal rentur. nonaginta millia peditum, duodecim millia equi- crosses the tum Iberum traduxit1. Ilergetes inde Bargusiosque et p. iii, 35. Ausetanos et Lacetaniam, quæ subjecta Pyrenæis mon- 61; 19; tibus est, subegit; oræque huic omni præfecit Hannonem, P. iii, 33; ut fauces quæ Hispanias Galliis jungunt in potestate ix, 11; x,18. essent. decem millia peditum Hannoni ad præsidium the Pyreobtinendæ regionis data, et mille equites. postquam per Pyrenæum saltum traduci exercitus est cœptus, rumorque per barbaros manavit certior de bello Romano, tria millia inde Carpetanorum peditum iter averterunt. constabat non tam bello motos quam longinquitate viæ insuperabilique Alpium transitu. Hannibal, quia revocare aut vi retinere eos anceps erat, ne ceterorum etiam feroces animi irritarentur, supra septem millia hominum domos remisit, quos et ipsos gravari militia senserat, Carpe24 tanos quoque ab se dimissos simulans. inde, ne mora atque otium animos sollicitaret, cum reliquis copiis Pyrenæum transgreditur et ad oppidum Illiberi" castra locat. Galli quanquam Italiæ bellum inferri audiebant,

C

d

a See note d preceding. b Aquitaniam F. C. H. GA. 3-5 L. D. N.-The writer of 1 L appears to have met with both Aquetaniam and Acetaniam. Ptolemy calls this district of Spain ̓Ακητανίαν, Plutarch Λακητανίαν, Strabo ̓Ιακκητανίαν, ii, 61, τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος (Ιακκητανῶν) ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τῆς παρορίας τῆς κατὰ τὴν Πυρήνην εἰς τὰ πεδία πλατύνεται.--Lacetaniam conj. cf. 60; Sall. Ep. Pomp. in fr. Hist. iii; S. Mart. i, 50. GB. < M.-ipse Mss. d militiam conj. cf. Sen. Thy. 106; G. TO, on Suet. iii, 50; Just. xx, 11; DU. Sil. ii, 598; CO, on Pl. ii, 18, 6; BU, on Q. 1. O. i, 1; iv, 5. D. a F. 3 L. H. B.-sollicitarent

cet. Mss.-with two nouns in the singular, Livy puts sometimes a singular, xxxvii, 29, sometimes a plural verb, i, 31. D. Understand ad seditionem, DŒE. cf. 25. b C.-Many names of towns in Spain are neuter and end thus, Illiturgi and Intibili, xxiii, 49; Illici, Pliny H. N. iii, 3; others are feminine and end in is, as Oringis, Anitorgis, Meningis, and Setelsis, Telobis, Bacasis, and Scissis, [60, ED.] in Lacetania: some may have both terminations like hæc sinapis or hoc sinapi. Prisc. vi, p. 682. This town is called Eliberri, Mela ii, 5; "Ιλίβερις, Ptol. ἐπ μὲν τῆς Πυρήνης ὅ τε Ῥουκίνων καὶ ὁ ̓Ιλυβίῤῥις, πόλιν ἔχων ὁμώvupov izárıges avr Strabo iv, 182. By the mother of Constantine the great it was called Helena, whence its modern name Elne.' S. G. D. R.

He gains

the friendship of the Gauls.

2

P.C. Scipio tamen, quia vi subactos trans Pyrenæum Hispanos fama T.S.Longus erat præsidiaque valida imposita, metu servitutis ad arma consternati1, Ruscinonem aliquot populi conveniunt. quod ubi Hannibali nuntiatum est, moram magis quam bellum metuens, oratores ad regulos eorum misit, colloqui semet ipsum cum iis velle, et vel illi propius Illiberi accederent, vel se Ruscinonem processurum, ut ex propinquo congressus facilior esset: nam et accepturum eos in castra sua se lætum, nec cunctanter se ipsum 'ad eos venturum. hospitem enim se Galliæ, non hostem advenisse; nec stricturum ante gladium, si per ' Gallos liceat, quam in Italiam venisset.' et per nuntios quidem hæc. ut vero reguli Gallorum castris ad Illiberim extemplo motis haud gravate ad Poenum venerunt, capti donis cum bona pace exercitum per fines suos præter Ruscinonem oppidum transmiserunt. The Boii re- In Italiam interim nihil ultra quam Iberum transîsse 25 'Hannibalem' a Massiliensium legatis Romam perlatum erat, cum perinde ac si Alpes jam transisset, Boii1 sollicitatis Insubribus 2 defecerunt, nec tam ob veteres sqq; 51 sqq. in populum Romanum iras quam quod nuper circa 35; xx, ep. Padum Placentiam Cremonamque colonias in agrum VP., 14'; Gallicum deductas ægre patiebantur. itaque armis reAs. Pis. pr. pente arreptis, in eum ipsum agrum impetu facto tantum

sume arms

against Rome.

v, 34 sq; C. i, 83

P. iii, 40;

terroris ac tumultus fecerunt, ut non agrestis modo multitudo sed ipsi triumviri 5 Romani, qui ad agrum venerant assignandum, diffisi Placentiæ moenibus Mutinam con

F.-relle cum his cet. Mss.

1 Urged by terror' [producing desperation rather than despondency, and stimulating them to self-preservation; 56; ED.] cf. vii, 42; viii, 27; xxxiv, 2; C. ii, 47; x, 43; 56; xxxvii, 41; xxxviii, 17; 46; Tac. A. ii, 62. R. οἱ Ἕλληνες ἔθεον ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα Távtes inmitänyμívor Xen. An. ii, 5, 8; 1, 5, 13 : τοὺς ̓Αθηναίους φόβον παρέχοντας τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις, ἀναγκάσαι ἐς τὸ πολεμεῖν· Thuc. i, 23 ; φόβῳ πολεμησείοντας· ib. 33. 2 Whence the modern name of Roussillon.

R.

3 Qui sic intrabas, hospes an hostis eras? Ov. H. vii, 10. GB. On the original meaning of hostis see Cic. Off. i, 12.

1 Their chief cities are Parma, Modena,

and Bologna. R.

R.

2 Their chief cities are Milan and Lodi.

3 This is the sole cause which Polybius mentions. R.

4 These colonies were probably enrolled in the consulship of Livius and Æmilius, but not sent out till the news arrived of Hanniballs having crossed the Ebro, when Cornelius and Sempronius were the consuls. D.CR, i, 64; 79.

5 Those here called simply triumvirs, are also styled triumviri agrarii xxvii, 21, or agro dando ii, 1, or coloniæ deducenda xxxiv, 53, or de colonia deducenda, R. E. or tresviri xxxix, 44; xl, 34.

8

Mutina.

fugerint, C. Lutatius, C. Servilius, T. Annius. Lutatii P. C. Scipio nomen haud dubium est: pro C. Servilio et T. Annio T.S.Longus Q. Acilium et C. Herennium habent quidam annales, xxx, 19; alii P. Cornelium Asinam et C. Papirium Masonem 6. id Z. viii, 20. quoque dubium est, legati ad expostulandum missi xxvii, 21. ad Boios violati sint, an in triumviros agrum metantes impetus sit factus. Mutinæ cum obsiderentur, et gens Siege of ad oppugnandarum urbium artes rudis, pigerrima eadem ad militaria opera, segnis intactis assideret muris, simulari cœptum de pace agi; evocatique ab Gallorum principibus legati ad colloquium non contra jus modo gentium, sed violata etiam quæ data in id tempus erat fide, comprehenduntur, negantibus Gallis, nisi obsides P. ii, 22— sibi redderentur, eos dimissuros. cum hæc de legatis nuntiata essent et Mutina præsidiumque in periculo esset, L. Manlius prætor ira accensus effusum ad Mutinam ducit. silvæ tunc circa viam erant, pleris- of the præque incultis. ibi inexplorato 10 profectus, in insidias 17. præcipitatus", multa cum cæde suorum ægre in apertos campos 12 emersit13. ibi castra communita; et quia Gallis ad tentanda ea defuit spes, refecti sunt militum animi, quanquam ad quingentos cecidisse satis constabat. iter deinde de integro cœptum; nec dum per patentia loca ducebatur agmen, apparuit hostis: ubi rursus silvæ

d

e

9

35.

agmen Ill success

tor Manlius:

Und. locis, which

a incertum ad. pl. Mss. which C. R. 1 L. om. b se ad. GA. 3 L. B. HF. add before plerisque, HV. after it, and 5 L. after incultis, therefore it seems to have been introduced from gl. marg. D. 4 R.-que ad. cet. Mss. e ad d [ad de conj. R. pr. ED. ad i. e. mille conj. D.] cecidisse conj. G.—ad cladisse ME.-accedisse V. 1, 5 L. D.-adcecidisse F. C.-ad c cecidisse G.-accidisse 4 L. R.-occidisse L.-accessisse N. 2, 3 L. H. GA. f em. GL.-cum ad. Mss; and join necdum.

6 Deduxerunt triumviri P. Cornelius Asina, C. Papirius Maso, Cn. Pompeius sive Cn. Cornelius Scipio, Asc. Pis. pr. but, according to Polybius, the first triumvir alone was of consular dignity, the two others were only of prætorian rank; S. and, from the Fasti Capitolini, it appears that Maso had been consul thirteen years, and Asina three years, before this time. D.

7 Polybius mentions no embassy, but that the triumvirs, having demanded a conference, went out from Modena and were seized by the Boii in violation of good faith. DU.

8 Either to expostulate with the Boi,' (xxii, 33; ED.) or to demand restitution of what they had seized.' DŒ.

9. Rushing onward with the impetuosity

of a torrent;' i, 14. R.

10 Without having detached reconnoitring parties,' xxii, 4; xxxviii, 18; explorato also occurs, xxiii, 42 sq; xxvii, 2. Neuter participles are often put absolutely; palam facto i, 41; xxii, 55; permisso vi, 25; edicto x, 36; comperto xxxi, 39; xxxiii, 5; cognito xxxiii, 41; nuntiato xxv, 9; sublato xxii, 20; debellato xxvi, 21; xxix, 32; xxx, 8; audito xxviii, 7; pacto xxviii, 21; remisso vi, 17; cf. incerto xxviii, 36; Sil. xiv, 97. PZ, on SA, Min. iii, 9. D. R. inaugurato i, 36. see 52, 1. 11 Cf. Just. xxxii, 1. G.

C. i, 85.

C. i, 63.

b

P.C. Scipio intratæ, tum postremos adorti cum magna trepidatione T.S.Longus ac pavore omnium septingentos milites occiderunt, sex signa ademere. finis et Gallis territandi et pavendi Romanis fuit, ut e saltu invio atque impedito evasere. inde apertis locis facile tutantes agmen Romani Tanetum, vicum propinquum Pado, contendere. ibi se munimento ad tempus commeatibusque fluminis et Brixianorum etiam Gallorum auxilio adversus crescentem in dies P. iii, 40. multitudinem hostium tutabantur. qui tumultus repens 26 postquam est Romam perlatus, et Punicum insuper Gallico bello auctum patres acceperunt, C. Atilium prætorem cum una legione Romana et quinque millibus sociorum, delectu novo a consule conscriptis, auxilium ferre Manlio jubent; qui sine ullo certamine (abscesserant enim metu hostes) Tanetum pervenit.

The consul Cornelius arrives with

Massilia.

p. 181.

3

3

a

Et P. Cornelius, in locum ejus quæ missa cum prætore fuerat, transcripta 2 legione nova profectus ab urbe a fleet at sexaginta longis navibus præter oram Etruriæ LigurumP. iii, 40 sq; que et inde Salyum montes pervenit Massiliam, et C.1,19 sqq; ad proximum ostium Rhodani (pluribus enim divisus Str. iv, 1, amnis in mare decurrit ') castra locat, vixdum satis Pl. iii, 4, 5; credens Hannibalem superâsse Pyrenæos montes. quem ut de Rhodani quoque transitu agitare animadvertit, incertus quonam ei loco occurreret, necdum satis refectis ab jactatione maritima militibus, trecentos interim delectos equites ducibus Massiliensibus et auxiliaribus Gallis ad exploranda omnia visendosque ex tuto hostes Str. iv, 1, præmittit. Hannibal ceteris metu aut pretio pacatis jam p. 186-189. in Volcarum pervenerat agrum, gentis validæ. Co

Str. iv, 1, 8, p. 183.

12-14,

3 Τάνητον Ptol. ἡ Τάννητος καλουμένη κώμη, Pol. S. h F. G. 4 L.-et many Mss. but Brixia ( Brescia') was the capital of the Cenomani, who are here called Brixiani Galli. R. a montis pl. Mss.—montem B.—, mor some Edd.-cf. prætervecti Ligustinos montes sinumque Gallicum, xxxiv, 8. G. b This is the proper verb, cf. 31; xxxviii, 13; Phæd. i, 1, 8. (BU.) D.-defluit al. Mss. from gl. D. The former occurs in Virg. E. v, 84; Hor. O. iv, 2,5; the latter in Hor. E. i, 2, 42. • Pol. iii, 41.-cccc H. d Massiliensium would more closely accord with Polybius. D.

2 Being enrolled as a substitute.' R.

3 Called also Salluvii v, 35, and Salyi Flor. iii, 2. R.

fatigue and sea-sickness. R.

5 Of the Volca there were two tribes, the Tectosages and the Arecomici. The chief towns of the former were Narbonne and Toulouse, besides Illiberi and Ruscino; of

4 From which they had suffered both the latter, Nimes. R.