11

T.S.Longus

lunt autem circa utramque ripam Rhodani: sed diffisi P. C. Scipio citeriore agro arceri Pœnum posse, ut flumen pro munimento haberent, omnibus ferme suis trans Rhodanum trajectis ulteriorem ripam amnis armis obtinebant. ceteros accolas fluminis Hannibal, et eorum ipsorum P. iii, 42. quos sedes suæ tenuerant, simul perlicit donis ad naves undique contrahendas fabricandasque; simul et ipsi trajici exercitum levarique quam primum regionem suam tanta urgente hominum & turba cupiebant 10. itaque ingens coacta vis navium est lintriumque 12 temere 13 ad vicinalem 14 usum paratarum; novasque alias primum Galli inchoantes cavabant ex singulis 15 arboribus. deinde et ipsi milites, simul copia materiæ simul facilitate operis inducti, alveos informes 16, nihil, dummodo innare aquæ et capere onera possent, curantes, quibus se suaque trans27 veherent, raptim faciebant. jamque omnibus satis compa- Hannibal's ratis ad trajiciendum, terrebant ex adverso hostes, omnem ripam equites virique obtinentes; quos ut averteret, Hannonem Bomilcaris" filium vigilia prima noctis 'cum parte copiarum, maxime Hispanis, adverso 2 flumine 'ire iter unius diei' jubet,' et ubi primum possit, quam 'occultissime trajecto amni circumducere agmen, ut cum opus facto sit, adoriatur ab tergo hostem.' ad id dati

stratagem.

F. C. V. 1 L.—amnis is unnecessary, ST. and may be merely a various reading; if retained, we may change the next word to armati G. but armis obtinere is used xxx, 19; 29; DU. xxv, 30. D. f F. G. C. H. ed. ST.-qui for quos, al. Mss. The phrase quem tenet locus may be taken in the same sense as qui tenet locum; thus te mea Troja tenebit, Ov. H. xvi, 293. D. cf. Her. v, 66, n. 24. % omnium F. V. 1 L. a equis some Edd. as in v, 37; D. xxvi, 5; R. see also below, note f. D. b F. Pol. iii, 42.-Hamilcaris C. V. 6ve L. H. B. HF. GA. al.

N.-posset cet. Mss.

R.

F. C.-primo cet. Mss. d F. V. 2, 4, 5 L. B. GA. HV.

7 They are settled,' xxiv, 49; xlii, 67.

13 Hastily and rudely.' C. Such vessels would be called exidías, cf. HU, on X. A. i, 5, 10; Her. iv, 88, n. 26.

14 For the use of the neighbouring people in the carriage of goods. S.

15 povôžuλa hoa, Pol. S. like the canoes in use among many savage nations. ST.

16 Shapeless hulls or troughs.' R.

1 For peditesque, cf. Cic. Ph. viii, 7; (FE.) Cæs. B. G. v, 10; (VO.) DU. homines equitesque, id. B. C. ii, 39; G. Sil. ix, 599. D.

F

P. C. Scipio duces Galli edocent

inde millia quinque et viginti ferme

T.S.Longus supra parvæ insulæ circumfusum amnem latiorem, ubi 'dividebatur, eoque minus alto alveo transitum ostendere.' ibi raptim cæsa materia ratesque fabricatæ, in quibus 47. equi virique et alia onera trajicerentur. Hispani sine ulla mole, in utres vestimentis conjectis, ipsi cætris suppositis incubantes flumen tranavere'. et alius exercitus ratibus junctis trajectus, castris prope flumen positis, nocturno itinere atque operis labore fessus quiete unius diei reficitur, intento duce ad consilium opportune exsequendum. postero die profecti ex loco prodito fumo His passage significant se transisse et haud procul abesse. quod ubi accepit Hannibal, ne tempori deesset, dat signum ad trajiciendum. jam paratas aptatasque' habebat pedes lintres. equites " fere" propter equos nantes navium agmen 7 ad excipiendum adversi impetum fluminis parte superiore transmittens tranquillitatem infra trajicientibus S. iii, 458. lintribus præbebat. equorum pars magna nantes loris a puppibus trahebantur, præter eos quos instratos frenatosque, ut extemplo egresso in ripam equiti usui essent,

P. iii, 43.

of the Rhodanus.

f

e edocent F. one Ms of C. cf. xxii, 13; xl, 30. GR.-educunt cet. Mss.-om. conj. (making ostendere the third plural of the perfect.) G.-educunt... amnem latiore... alveo transitum ostendentem, conj. B. om. V. 1 L. HV.-it often precedes virique; iii, 70; v, 37; xxii, 52, xxiii, 5; xxvi, 4; xxxi, 42; xxxvi, 19: hominesque; xxxv, 11. DO, on Tac. A. iv, p. 487. D. & cæteris or ceteris F. C. 2-5 L. B. GA. HV. L. D. BR. h V. 1 L. HF. GA. BR.-superpositi 4 L.-superpositis cet. Mss. 1 F. C. j prodicto B 2d debito 5 L.-propinquo conj. G.-edito conj. CL. ST. pr. (connecting edito with fumo) R. k significant (om. se) F. C. V.—significante pl. Mss.

aptasque 1, 3 L.

3 P. cf. 22, 4. m GA. D. N. 2 L. 2 P.-eques F. 1, 4, 5 L. H. B. HV. 1, 3 P. but Livy often changes the number, cf. xxxv, 40. D.-equos 3 L. n F. B. HV. 1, 3, 5 L.

D, 3 P. For the most part.' RS. The exception follows presently, præter eos &c. C.ferre GA. N. 4 L. 2 P.-ferri 2 L.-ferme H. ° per 2 L.-prope D. from gl. cf. ix, 2; xxv, 23; xxvi, 8; xxviii, 46; xxxiv, 32; xliv, 3. D.-propter equos nantes susp. R. G. cf. 54; xxviii, 14; G. xxxiv, 7. D.-instructos cet. Mss.

3 Higher up,' C. i. e. superiore purte, as opposed to infra; see below. R.

4 Scinditur in geminas partes circumfluus amnis: insula nomen habet laterumque a parte duorum porrigit aquales media tellure lacertos; Ov. Met. xv, 739 sqq ; ubi discretas insula rumpit aquas; id. F. ii, 194; Cic. Leg. ii, 3. G. Compare Croesus's passage of the Halys : ἐπεί τε ἐσχίσθη ὁ ποταμὸς. ἀμφοτέρῃ διαβατὸς ἐγένετο, Her. i, 75.

5 Without any further preparation,' C. without any difficulty.' R. Compare the manner in which the soldiers used to cross

the Euphrates; Xen. An. i, 5, 10.

PF.

6 That he might not neglect the opportunity, by allowing it to pass unimproved and without availing himself of it :' iv, 57; xxii, 39; xxvii, 28. R.

7 The larger vessels,' oi aiußa, opposed to lintres, 26, 15; và λsærà rãv wogbuslar. R.

8 To break the force of the stream.' G. 9 Transporting.' G. The order of the words is agmen navium, ad excipiendum impetum adversi fluminis, superiore parte transmittens equites fere propter nantes equos. S.

ex

a

sono,

42; xxiii, 26; xxv,17;

nite- xxxviii, 17; D. v, 29;

altera p paventes iii, 43; vi, clamor, 346 sqq; iv,

24; S. iii,

28 imposuerant in naves. Galli occursant in ripam cum P. C. Scipio T.S.Longus variis ululatibus cantuque moris sui, quatientes scuta super capita vibrantesque dextris tela, quanquam et ex x, 26; xxi, adverso terrebat tanta vis" navium cum ingenti fluminis et clamore vario nautarum et militum, qui bantur perrumpere impetum fluminis, et qui ripa trajicientes suos hortabantur1. jam satis adverso tumultu terribilior ab tergo adortus castris ab Hannone captis. mox et ipse que terror circumstabat, et e navibus tanta vi' arma- 20; 7, 11; torum in terram evadente, et ab tergo improvisa premente acie". Galli postquam ultro vim facere conati pellebantur, qua patere visum maxime iter, perrumpunt, trepidique in vicos passim suos diffugiunt. Hannibal ceteris copiis per otium trajectis, spernens jam Gallicos tumultus, castra locat.

aderat,

anceps

215; x. 230; XA. iv, 3,

TG. 3; AT.

p. 72.

ing the ele

Elephantorum trajiciendorum varia consilia fuisse credo: Mode of certe variata memoria actæ rei. quidam congregatis ad transportripam elephantis tradunt ferocissimum ex iis irritatum phants. ab rectore suo, cum refugientem 5 in aquam nantem* sequeretur, traxisse gregem, ut quemque timentem altitudinem destituerat' vadum, impetu ipso fluminis in alteram ripam rapiente. ceterum magis constat ratibuss. iii, 460.

4 L.

P. iii, 46;

ripa H.—ripis GA.—but Livy might mention either whither the Gauls went to meet them or where they met them. B. bom. 4, 5 L. B. N 2d. с ferebatur GA. 4 vi F. Hanno in person' (as opposed to clamor &c.) ED.—ipsis (as opposed to castra eorum) conj. B. ff F. G.-vis evadens cet. Mss. terra F. G. V. H. B. GA. 1, 3, h a tergo improvisa premebant acie (om. et) 1 P. V. 1 L.-the same, exc. ab 4 L. exc. premebat 2 L. B. HF. H. GA. HV. N. exc. acies 3 I.. et ab tergo improvisa premente acie C. i utroque C. i. e. both on Hanno's party which had already crossed the river, and on those who were now crossing.' GR. cf. viii, 29; and nunc huc, nunc illuc, et utroque sine ordine curro, Ov. H. x, 19. D.-ultroque F.- Contrary to what was expected,' 1, 5; v, 37; Suet. iii, 11; SV, on Æ. ii, 145; VS, on Cat. cxvi. DU. ultro applies to the party commencing the attack. D. j V marg. AS.-parte revisum C. V. H. B. HF. R. GA. HV. 1, 3, 4 L.-parte visum F. 5 L.-purte devexum 2 L. k nando or nans conj. B. 1 L. R.

1 Having already crossed with Hanno. R. 2 Aversus or a tergo in the rear,' from behind,' is opposed to adversus, in front;' xlv, 39; Sil. v, 594; R. xxvi, 46.

3 Anceps is said of that which is the same on both sides,' ii, 20; 45; xxxvii, 43; i, 25; v, 8; 13; vi, 33; xxvii, 17; xxiii, 24; xxviii, 19; xxx, 33; xxxvii, 11: utrimque is sometimes redundant; xxvi, 46; xxx, 33. G. R.

m

P. C. Scipio trajectos: id ut tutius consilium ante rem foret, ita T.S.Longus acta re ad fidem pronius est 10. ratem unam ducentos longam pedes, quinquaginta latam, a terra in amnem porrexerunt; quam, ne secunda aqua deferretur, pluribus validis retinaculis parte superiore ripæ religatam pontis in modum humo injecta constraverunt, ut belluæ audacter velut per solum ingrederentur. altera ratis æque lata, longa pedes centum, ad trajiciendum flumen apta, huic copulata est; et cum elephanti per stabilem ratem tanquam viam, prægredientibus feminis, acti in minorem applicatam transgressi sunt ", extemplo resolutis, quibus leviter annexa erat, vinculis ab actuariis 12 aliquot navibus ad alteram ripam pertrahitur. ita primis expositis alii deinde repetiti 15 ac trajecti sunt. nihil sane trepidabant, donec continenti velut ponte agerentur. primus erat pavor, cum soluta ab ceteris 11 rate in altum15 raperentur. ibi urgentes inter se, cedentibus extremis ab aqua, trepidationis aliquantum edebant, donec quietem ipse timor circumspectantibus aquam fecisset 16. excidere etiam sævientes quidam in flumen. sed pondere ipso stabiles, dejectis rectoribus, quærendis pedetentim vadis in terram

Engage

ment of 500

evasere.

13

Dum elephanti trajiciuntur, interim Hannibal Numidas 29 Numidian equites quingentos ad castra Romana miserat speculatum ubi et quantæ copiæ essent et quid pararent. huic alæ horse. 26. equitum missi, ut ante dictum est, ab ostio Rhodani tre

and 300

Roman

m solidum conj. B.

n 1 P. G. H. N.

Thus iv, 53; xxi, 15; xxiv, 47; xxv, 19; xxvi, 1; xxix, 18; xxxvi, 19 twice; xxxviii, 5; 7; xlii, 10; 15; xliv, 2; 10; 23; 33. D. 2 P. F. G. 4, 5 L. H,

suppose the current to have been turned to the opposite bank by the large vessels just above. R. There might have been a bend in the river.

8 Und. esse elephantos. R.

9 Would be to any one who had elephants to transport. B.

10 Is more credible or probable:' Cic. N. D. iii, 40; Div. i, 5. R.

14 But one fixed raft was mentioned above; Polvbius, however, speaks of several, and Livy may commit this oversight in consequence of having derived his account from various authorities. Unless ab ceteris means

11 We should have expected the pluper-away from the other elephants.' C. fect; but Livy has confounded the tenses, as though describing both what was then done and what is usually done. There is the same change in Thuc. ii, 34. B.

12 These vessels were worked by sails and

15 Deep water,' properly used in speaking of the sea; R. like our noun DEEP. alius latum funda jum verberat amnem, alta petens, Virg. G. i. 141 sq.

16 Made them quiet.' DŒ.

centi Romanorum equites occurrunt. prælium atrocius P. C. Scipio quam pro1numero pugnantium editur. nam præter multa T.S.Longus vulnera cædes etiam prope par utrinque fuit; fugaque et p. iii, 45. pavor Numidarum Romanis jam admodum fessis victoriam dedit. victores ad centum sexaginta, nec omnes Romani sed pars Gallorum", victi amplius ducenti ceciderunt. hoc principium simul omenque belli, ut summæ rerum 2 prosperum eventum, ita haud sane incruentame ancipitisque certaminis victoriam Romanis portendit.

Ut' re ita gesta ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt, nec Scipioni stare sententia poterat3, nisi ut ex consiliis cœptisque hostis" et ipse conatus caperet; et Hannibalem incertum utrum cœptum in Italiam intenderet iter 1, an cum eo qui primus se obtulisset Romanus exercitus manus consereret, avertit a præsenti certamine Boiorum lega- P. iii, 44. torum regulique Magali' adventus, qui se duces itinerum, 'socios periculi fore' affirmantes 'integro bello, nusquam 'ante libatis viribus Italiam aggrediendam' censent. multitudo timebat quidem hostem, nondum oblitterata memoria superioris belli; sed magis iter immensum Alpesque, rem fama utique inexpertis horrendam, metuebat. sqq. 30 itaque Hannibal, postquam ipsi sententia stetit pergere, ire atque Italiam petere, advocata concione varie militum sqq.

b Galli conj. DU.

S. iii, 447

P. iii, 44;

pl. and opt. Mss.x, 25; 37; xxiii, 19; xxxviii, 40; xlii, 7;

a For CLX read CXL from Polybius. G. ducentis al. Mss; but und. quam, G. as in 61; ED. i, 18; iii, 64; 49; xxiv, 16; xxv, 19; xxvii, 12; xxviii, 2; xxix, 34; xxxvii, 24; 23. D. R. d F. C.-et simul omen GA.—simulque omen cet. Mss. e F. D. H. HF. 2 L. P. R. as ii, 31; iv, 17; vii, 8; xxxvii, 16; xxxix, 31; x1, 32; xlii, 7. D.—incruenti C. G. 3-5 L. B. GA. L. N. V 2d.-incruente V. al. Mss.-incruentem 1 L. f F. when,' F. HV. cf. xxi, 30; xxx, 4; xliv, 3; S. Cic. ad Fam. ix, h M. hospitis F. C. V. var. Mss; as is not unusual in

as in ii, 45; xxi, 47. D. 2. D.-Scipionis cet. Mss. barbarian names. G.

i

is used; iv, 19. R.

་

5 Entire' i. e. before a single battle was lost or won; xxiv, 24; xxxii, 6; cf. ii, 5; x, 25; xxviii, 40; Tac. A. iv, 40. R.

6. With no previous diminution of his forces any where. C.

R.

7 The large body of Hannibal's soldiers.'

8 The immense journey over the Alps.' R. v dià duoïv.

9 More especially (ii, 30; vi, 20; xxii, 7; 23; xxiii, 18; &c. R.) to those who were unacquainted with the actual difficulties and dangers of the passage.' C.