Remarks. war with S. i, 140 death, his succeeds to 2his anxius curis ita se Africo bello, quod fuit sub re- Prefatory centem Romanam pacem, per quinque annos', ita deinde novem annis in Hispania augendo Punico imperio gessit, Hamilcar ut appareret majus eum quam quod gereret agitare in animo bellum, et si diutius vixisset, Hamilcare duce Rome. Pœnos arma Italiæ illaturos fuisse, quæ Hannibalis ductu intulerunt. mors Hamilcaris peropportuna et xxiv, 41; pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum. medius Hasdru- P., 1; 36; bal inter patrem et filium octo ferme annos impe- sqq. On his rium obtinuit, flore ætatis, uti ferunt, primo Hamilcari son-in-law conciliatus, gener inde ob altam indolem provecto annis Hasdrubal adscitus, et quia gener erat, factionis Barcina opibus, the comquæ apud milites plebemque plus quam modicæ erant, mand, haud sane voluntate principum, imperio potitus. is N. xxi, 3. plura consilio quam vi gerens, hospitiis regulorum AH. 4; 6. magis conciliandisques per amicitiam principum novis gentibus quam bello aut armis rem Carthaginiensem auxit. ceterum nihilo ei pax tutior fuit: barbarus eum and is assasquidam palam, ob iram interfecti ab eo domini, obtruncavit; comprehensusque ab circumstantibus haud alio xliv, 2; 5; quam si evasisset vultu, tormentis quoque cum lacera- AHn. 2. retur, eo fuit habitu oris ut superante lætitia dolores ridentis etiam speciem præbuerit. cum hoc Hasdrubale, quia miræ artis in sollicitandis gentibus imperioque suo sinated. AH. 8; J. a Omnibus ad. S. N. R marg. but the verb occurs by itself in iv, 6; xxxiii, 1; D. iii, 17; xxi, 9; xxvii, 4; xxxv, 32. G. bem. L.-profecto or profectus Mss; and animi pl. Mss-provectus (meaning that when Hasdrubal lost the beauty which recommended him as a boy, he was advanced to be Hamilcar's son-in-law.') KL. pr. or provectior conj. DU. ein imperio positus F. d F. G. N. D. conj. T. pr. GT.-auspiciis pl. Mssaucupiis al. pr. M. 1 Five years' denotes the whole interval between the close of the first Punic war and Hamilcar's crossing into Spain. DŒ. 1, 7. R. 2 Hamilcar fell in battle against the Vetrones, one of the fiercest tribes of Spain. According to others, he was drowned in an attempt to cross a river which obstructed his flight. C. 3 Hannibal was then 18. M. In c. 3, Livy uses the words vixdum puberem of him, when 5 years older. For Hannibal was 9 years of age, when Hamilcar crossed into Spain: Hamilcar held the command there for 9 years; Hasdrubal for 8 more. From these 26 years, are to be subtracted the 3 during which Hannibal served under Has. drubal. GL. S. 4 Hasdrubal served under Hamilcar, as admiral of the fleet. R. 5 See Hanno's speech in c. 3. S. 6 From Barca the founder of the family, Hamilcar was surnamed Barcas; and he and his brother and sons were called Barcini. This was one of the leading political parties into which the senate of Carthage was divided: Hanno was the head of the other: 3;9 sq; &c. R. 7 Yet the Romans tax him with cruelty and other vices: Sil. i, 145 sqq. R. 8. Understand sibi, as ad amicitiam with sollicitandis below. R. Remarks. 7; AHn. 2; F. ii, 6. him. xxx, 13. 37; Prefatory jungendis fuerat, fœdus renovaverat 10 populus Romanus, 11 ut finis utriusque imperii esset amnis Iberus, Saguntivii, 27. nisque mediis inter imperia duorum populorum libertas xxi, 18 sq; servaretur. in Hasdrubalis locum haud dubia res fuit 3 P. ii, 13; iii, 21; 27; quin prærogativam1 militarem, qua extemplo juvenis 29 sq; AH. Hannibal in prætorium delatus imperatorque ingenti omAP.6; 67; nium clamore atque assensu appellatus erat, favor etiam Hannibal plebis sequeretur. hunc vixdum puberem Hasdrubal litsucceeds teris ad se arcessierat; actaque res etiam in senatu fuerat, Barcinis nitentibus ut assuesceret militiæ Hannibal atque 35; P. iii, in paternas succederet opes. Hanno, alterius factionis princeps," et æquum postulare videtur" inquit " Hasdru"bal; et ego tamen non censeo, quod petit, tribuendum." cum admiratione tam ancipitis sententiæ in se omnes convertisset, "florem ætatis" inquit "Hasdrubal, quem ipse patri Hannibalis fruendum præbuit, justo jure eum3 a filio repeti censet. nos tamen minime decet juven"tutem nostram pro militari rudimento assuefacere libi"dini prætorum 5. an hoc timemus, ne Hamilcaris filius "nimis sero imperia immodica et regni paterni speciem videat, et cujus regis genero hereditarii sint relicti "exercitus nostri, ejus filio parum mature serviamus? ego istum juvenem domi tenendum, sub legibus, sub P. iii, 8. 66 a succresceret F marg. pr. B. C. cf. x, 13; G. Cic. Or. iii, 61. D. 10 This was the sixth treaty: cf. Cato Orig. iv; Liv. ix, 43; xiii, ep.; Pol. iii, 27. S. 11 The two nations pledged themselves not to cross the Iberus for purposes of war or conquest. Not that all Spain on the hither side belonged to the Romans, and all on the further side to the Carthaginians: for to the south of the river there were many tribes not subject to Carthage; while on the north the Romans had very little territory, no general, and no army: see Cato's speech, xxxiv, 13. C. 1 The previous suffrages of the military.' Prærogativa was (1) that tribe, or century, whose opinion was first asked. It sometimes stands for (2) the opinion of that tribe or century. Its authority was very great; semper omen valuerit prærogativum, Cic. for Mur. 38; i. e. the majority of votes always ratified the decision of the prærogativa: cf. xxviii, 9; iii, 51; C. xxii, 14. 2 See 2, note 3. b sed ed. D. 3 The pronoun is redundant; as in i, 19; R. 58; Her. vii, 221, n. 25. 4 Understand oportere: cf. iii, 28; xxi, 36; xxiv, 22. R. 5 Epaminondas Thebanorum imperator ei, qui sibi ex lege prætor successerat, exercitum non tradidit; Cic. Inv. i, 33; notare debemus, omnes magistratus et prætores et imperatores appellatos: ut hic ei, qui sibi ex lege praetor successerat: cum imperatori succedere debeat imperator; Marius Victor. p. 171. veteres omnes magistratus, cui pareret exercitus praetorem appellaverunt: unde et praetorium tabernaculum ejus dicitur, et in castris porta praetoria, et hodie quoque præfectus praetorio; Ascon. Ped. on b. ii. ag. Verres, 14. G. Juv. x, 36, n. R. 6 Regni and regis are used invidiously for imperii and ducis. DŒ. 7 Semper gravis inceptio orationis, quæ exordium sumit a pronomine ego; Donat. on Remarks. 26. magistratibus docendum vivere æquo jure cum ceteris Prefatory ❝censeo, ne quandoque parvus hic ignis incendium ingens 4" exsuscitet." pauci, ac ferme optimus quisque, Hannoni Hannibal's assentiebantur: sed, ut plerumque fit, major pars melio- character. rem vicit. missus Hannibal in Hispaniam primo statim adventu omnem exercitum in se convertit. Hamilcarem S. i, 185. juvenem redditum sibi veteres milites credere; eundem vigorem in vultu vimque in oculis, habitum oris lineamentaque intueri. dein brevi effecit ut pater in se minimum momentum 1 ad favorem conciliandum esset. nun- DC. 47; quam ingenium idem ad res diversissimas, parendum P. ix, 22atque imperandum, habilius fuit. itaque haud facile decerneres utrum imperatori an exercitui carior esset: neque Hasdrubal alium quemquam præficere malle, ubi quid fortiter ac strenue agendum esset; neque milites alio duce plus confidere aut audere. plurimum audaciæ ad pericula capessenda, plurimum consilii inter ipsa pericula erat. nullo labore aut corpus fatigari aut animus vinci poterat. caloris ac frigoris patientia par; cibi potionisque desiderio naturali, non voluptate modus finitus3; vigiliarum somnique nec die nec nocte discriminata tempora: id quod gerendis rebus superesset, quieti datum; ea neque molli strato neque silentio arcessita 5: multi S., 242 sqq. sæpe militari sagulo opertum, humi jacentem inter custodias stationesque militum conspexerunt. vestitus nihil inter æquales excellens: arma atque equi conspiciebantur. equitum peditumque idem longe primus erat. prin a viventem pl. Mss; ed. G. C. though this does not accord so well with veteres milites. G. but cf. κάμ' εὐθὺς ἐν κύκλῳ στρατὸς ἡ ἐκβάντα πᾶς ἐσπάζετ', ὀμνύντες βλέπειν | τὸν οὐκ ἔτ ̓ ὄντα ζῶν τ' Αχιλλέα πάλιν, Soph. Ph. 356 sqq. Β. b deinde ed. C. e decide, judge;' as in vii, 9; nginır, cf. v, 55; x, 19; xxviii, 14; 33; G. i, 23; viii, 23 twice; xxi, 56; xxi, 61. D.—discerneres Mss; ed. C. discern, separate.' Ter. And. iii, 4, 3 ; L. x, 8; xxi, 10; x, 13; xxxix, 17; xlii, 12; 47; R. xxxi, xxii, 60; xxxiv, 4. D. 48; &c. GF. 1 L. xxix, 23; Just. xvii, 2; GR. id. xi, 4; xiii, 6. G. Momentum (movimentum) is properly the weight which sinks the scale of a balance. i, 47; ii, 7; iii, 27; v, 49; xxiii, 24; xliii, 12. R. 2 Nature is satisfied with what is enough to appease hunger and quench thirst; Luxury is not content unless the viands be of a certain quality. R. 4 Not depending on the distinction of day and night: for as long as he had any business to do, he never thought of sleep.' ST. 5 Invited, courted.' C. Compare the opening speech in Act iii, of K. Henry IV. Part II. 6 He and the soldiers were all dressed alike. R. 7 Were conspicuous.' S. iv, 13; D. 3 For definitus; cf. iii, 13; ix, 34; i, 47; xxxv, 52; C. ii, 5. R. Prefatory ceps in prælium ibat, ultimus conserto prælio excedebat. Remarks. has tantas viri virtutes ingentia vitia æquabant, inhumana CA. 8; L. crudelitas, perfidia plus quam Punica, nihil veri, nihil xxii, 6; xlii, sancti, nullus deûm metus, nullum jusjurandum, nulla religio. cum hac indole virtutum atque vitiorum triennio sub Hasdrubale imperatore meruit, nulla re, quæ agenda 10 videndaque' magno futuro duci esset, prætermissa. 47; S. i, 5; 56; 59. He deter mines to at tum, but first wages war Ceterum ex quo die dux est declaratus, velut Italia ei 5 tack Sagun- provincia1 decreta bellumque Romanum mandatum esset, nihil prolatandum ratus, ne se quoque, ut patrem Hamilcarem, deinde Hasdrubalem, cunctantem casus aliquis opprimeret, Saguntinis inferre bellum statuit. quibus P. iii, 13 sq. oppugnandis quia haud dubie Romana arma movebantur, in Oleadum fines prius (ultra Iberum ea gens in parte on the Ol- magis quam in dicione Carthaginiensium erat 2) induxit. exercitum, ut non petisse Saguntinos, sed rerum serie, finitimis domitis gentibus, jungendoque tractus ad id bellum videri posset. Carteiama urbem opulentam, caput gentis ejus, expugnat diripitque. quo metu perculsæ minores civitates, stipendio imposito, imperium accepere. victor exercitus opulentusque præda Carthaginem novam in hiberna est deductus. ibi large partiendo prædam stipendioque præterito cum fide exsolvendo cunctis civium cades, d confecto S. B. HF. N. but when the battle is over,' any may quit the field at once, without the least imputation on their courage. B. e militavit B. from gl. GB.D. f audendaque B. HV. as in xxxv, 35. G. a A city of the Bastuli near mount Calpe, xxviii, 30; xliii, 3; (Bæsippo, between Gades and Calpe: see Pliny iii, 1, 3; Mela ii, 6. These, however, as well as other ancients, confound Carteia, Tartessus, and Gades: cf. Sil. iii, 396, n. R. Carteia Rocadillo,' formerly Carpessus, was at the bottom of the bay of Gibraltar. AW.) Ptol. ii, 4; Pliny iii, 1. S.-Altheiam (or Altheam D.) conj. ('Aλbaía πόλις Ολκάδων· οἱ δὲ Ολκάδες ἔθνος Ιβηρίας πλησιόχωρον Καρχηδόνος· τὸ ἐθνικὸν ̓Αλβαῖος Steph.) S. Ocana.' R. b stipendia præterita al. Mss, objecting to the variation of construction, of which Livy is so fond: as fatalis dux ad excidium illius urbis servandaque patriæ; v, 19; socios, ad retinendos in fide animos eorum ferendoque cuique auxilium, adiit; xxix, 19; subeundo muros et comminunda oppugnatione; xxxi, 26. D. the Carthaginians by the treaty, than actually under their dominion.' C. 3 With the view of uniting to the territories acquired by war the Saguntine lands, without which the Punic dominions would be incomplete.' C. 4 Or Spartaria, now 'Carthagena,' founded by Hasdrubal shortly before the 2d Punic war, (cf. xxvi, 42; Sil. iii, 368; Pol. ii, 13; Strabo iii, p. 158;) not by Hannibal, as stated App. Hisp. 12. (SW.) R. с d с Remarks. suorum sociorumque animis in se firmatis, vere primo in Prefatory Vaccæos promotum bellum. Hermandica et Arbocala urbes vi capta. Arbocala et virtute et multitudine oppi- then on the danorum diu defensa. ab Hermandica profugi exsulibus Vacci Olcadum, priore æstate domitæ gentis, cum se junxissent, concitant Carpetanos; adortique Hannibalem regressum ex Vaccæis 5 haud procul Tago flumine agmen grave præda turbavere. Hannibal prælio abstinuit; castrisque super ripam positis, cum prima quies silentiumque ab hostibus fuit, amnem vado trajecit, valloque ita producto ut locum ad transgrediendum hostes haberent, invadere eos transeuntes statuit. equitibus præcepit ut, 'cum ingressos aquam viderent, adorirentur.' peditum agmen in ripa et elephantos' (quadraginta autem erant") disposuit'. Carpetanorum cum appendicibus 7 Olcadum Vaccæorumque centum millia fuere, invicta acies, si æquo dimicaretur campo. itaque et ingenio feroces et multitudine freti, et quod metu cessisse credebant hostem, id morari victoriam rati quod interesset amnis, clamore sublato passim sine ullius imperio, qua cuique proximum est, in amnem ruunt. et ex parte altera ripæ vis ingens equitum in flumen immissa 9, medioque alveo haudquaquam pari certamine concursum, quippe ubi pedes instabilis 10 ac vix vado fidens vel ab inermi equite, equo temere acto, perverti posset, eques corpore armisque liber, equo vel per medios gurgites stabili, cominus eminusque rem gereret. pars magna flumine absumpta ; quidam verticoso amni delati in hostes ab elephantis ob d Cartorum or Carthorum ad. pl. Mss: but Elmantica ('Salamanca' T.) and Arbucala are cities of the Vaccai; Pol. iii. 14. GL. S. agmen F. D. cf. viii. 24. DU. Gynden late fusum amnem rado (where there was a ford' DE.) transire tentavit; Sen. Ira iii, 21. G. cf. xxxviii, 12; 18. R. e et ad. G. elephantosque conj. D. faut ad. B.-ante some Edd. and om. autem erant-ad conj. ad. S. 8 C. E. F. G. H. pr. PH. G.-om. pl. Mss, S. i B. C. E. G. GA. GB. or tr. before XL. h F. G. H. pr. G.-om. pl. Mss. S. GB. 5 The Vaccai were a people of Hispania Tarraconensis, R. in parts of Leon and Old Castile. AW. 6 Having pitched his camp at such a distance from the bank, as to leave room for the enemy to cross the river.' C. 7 The Olcades and Vaccæi were but as an appendage' to the Carpetani, who con stituted the main strength of the army. C. cf. ix, 41; xxxix, 27. R. 8 Deeming that the only obstacle to their gaining a victory was the interposition of the river between themselves and the enemy.' C. 9 By Hannibal. C. 10 Not having a sure footing:' contrary to stabiles just below, R. and 28. |