66

i

"memorabile illud edidit prælium, quo documentum de- Q.F. Flac.3 "distis hostibus non cum Scipionibus exstinctum esse Ap. Claud. "nomen Romanum, et cujus populi vis atque virtus non "obruta sit Cannensi clade, ex omni profecto sævitia "fortunæ emersurum esse. nunc quia tantum ausi estis "sponte vestra, experiri libet quantum audeatis duce "vestro auctore. non enim hesterno die, cum signum "receptui dedi sequentibus effuse vobis turbatum hostem, "frangere audaciam vestram, sed differre in majorem gloriam atque opportunitatem volui, ut postmodo præparati incautos, armati inermes atque etiam sopitos per ❝ occasionem aggredi possetis. nec hujus occasionis spem, "milites, forte temere, sed ex re ipsa conceptam habeo. "a vobis quoque profecto si quis quærat quonam modo "pauci a multis, victi a victoribus castra tutati sitis? nihil "aliud respondeatis quam id ipsum timentes vos omnia "et operibus firmata habuisse et ipsos paratos instructos"que fuisse. et ita se res habet: ad id quod ne timeatur "fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines, quia quod neglexeris incautum atque apertum habeas. nihil omnium

66

66

nunc minus metuunt hostes quam ne obsessi modo ipsi

66 atque oppugnati castra sua ultro oppugnemus. audeamus Th. ii, 89. "quod credi non potest ausuros nos. eo ipso quod difficil"limum videtur, facilius' erit. tertia vigilia noctis silenti "agmine ducam vos. exploratum habeo non vigiliarum

1 GA. some ant. Edd. und. populum. D. The metaphor is taken from a person extricating himself by struggling, from a swamp or miry ground, and regaining a firm footing; xxi, 25; xxvii, 38; Juv. iii, 164; [ to keep one's head above water;' ED.] opposed to demergi ære alieno, iii, 16; R. to be over head and ears in debt.'-emersuram pl. and opt. Mss. ed. G. C. D.-emersuram eam conj. R. j P. F. G. V. H. 2, 4, 5 L. L. HV. B. GA. M. k Cf. testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse, Xxxvi, 32. DU.-cauti 2 P. 2, 5 L. L. D. S. from gl. GB. adv. (but cf. xxiv, 32; Tib. i, 10, 46; Curt. viii, 4, 24;) because of the tautology. DU. D.-uti F. V. H. 1, 4 L. GA. 1 P. F. C. pr. G. ST.—facillimum ed. G. C. and pr. D.

1 Ed. ed. D.-qui al. Mss. ed. G. C.

6 Cf. ii, 24; 43; iii, 41; iv, 7; vi, 30; xxvi, 29; xxviii, 19; xxix, 1; Col. i, 8; and a brass tablet in GT, p. DII, col. 2: thus also propemodo, xxiv, 20. D.

7 Viz. that the camp would be attacked, and would have to be defended.' R.

8 Nothing is less safe, than that concerning which a person's present fortune forbids, to fear: because that, for the most part, will be neglected; and what is neglected, is

left unguarded and exposed to one's enemies.' C. xxi, 61, 4; xxvi, 46. He who is most securus is often least tutus.

9 This began at midnight. The vigilia, as well as the excubice, among the Romans were four lasting for three hours each. They were set by sound of the bugle or fife, and called in by sounding the horn. cf. vii, 35; xxvi, 15; xxviii, 24; 27; Sil. vii, 154 sq; L, M. R. v, 9. R. C.

66

66

Q.F. Flac.3" ordinem, non stationes 10 justas esse. clamor in portis Ap. Claud. « auditus et primus impetus castra ceperit. tum inter vii, 36. torpidos somno paventesque ad necopinatum tumultum "et inermes in cubilibus suis oppressos illa cædes edatur, "a qua vos hesterno die revocatos ægre ferebatis. scio "audax videri consilium: sed in rebus asperis et tenui "spe fortissima quæque consilia tutissima sunt, quia si "in occasionis momento, cujus prætervolat opportunitas", "cunctatus paullum fueris, nequicquam mox omissam' quæras. unus exercitus in propinquo est; duo haud "procul absunt. nunc aggredientibus spes aliqua est; "et jam tentâstis vestras atque illorum vires. si diem "proferimus et hesternæ eruptionis fama 12 contemni' de"sierimus, periculum est ne omnes duces, omnes' copiæ "conveniant. tres deinde duces, tres exercitus sustinebi"mus hostium, quos Cn. Scipio incolumi exercitu non "sustinuit? ut dividendo copias periere duces nostri, ita "separati ac divisi opprimi possunt hostes 13. alia belli "gerendi via nulla est. proinde nihil præter noctis "proximæ opportunitatem exspectemus. ite deis bene juvantibus, corpora curate, ut integri vigentesque "eodem animo in castra hostium irrumpatis quo vestra "tutati estis."

m P. conj. L. pr. GB.-tenuis per F. H. two P. HV. B. GA. ant. Edd.-strenuis BR.-om. (and et) V. H. 2, 4, 5 L. D. L. N. HV. B. GA. ant. Edd. D.-amissam P. pr. cf. xxxi, 36. GB. ed. G. C.

Let slip,' xxviii, 35; cf. vii, 34, 9. • S. P. F. HV. cf. xxxi, 15; GB.

P 2 P. BR. pr. GB.

in ponto quærere pontum, Manil. G, Obs. ii, 11. DU, on Fl. i, 16, 8; D. xxxi, 29; ii, 3; nn, on Virg. Æ. i, 217; Tib. ii, 3, 26; and Ov. M. ii, 239. R. G.—par LI. 2 L.-per pl. and opt. Mss.-pares conj. L. 5 L. B. GA.-estis conj. L.

9 om. HF.-opportunitas est

opt. Mss. cf. iv, 35; xxii, 34. G.-var. Mss.-contenti and ii, 11, 19; BY, on H. O. opt. Mss. ed. C. D.—omnesque

vulg. cf. HS, on Cl. de L. St. 64; BKH, on Pr. i, 7, 25;
iii, 16, 25; and E. 4, 16; nn, on Sall. J. 17. D.
pl. Mss. ed. G.

10 Hence and from x, 32 sq; &c. SL, on Pol. 2, proves against L, that the stationes were posted by night as well as by day. DU.

11 Cf. xxxv, 12; si huic occasioni tempus se subterduxerit, | nunquam edepol quadrigis albis indipiscis postea, Plaut. As. ii, 2. GB.

12 It was because they were despised, that their former sally had succeeded: while this feeling of contempt continued, they might again attack the enemy with good prospect of

success. But as soon as the story of their enterprising and felicitous boldness should get wind, this contempt of them would be dis sipated in an instant, the enemy would be more on their guard, and would bring together their forces. cf. Cæs. G. v, 47. G.

13 Dum singuli pugnant, universi vincuntur, Tac.

14 vi, 23; vii, 32; xxi, 21; xxvi, 36; xxviii, 32; xxix, 24; 25; xxxi, 7; xxxvi, 17; xlii, 51; xliv, 38; &c. D.

Læti et audiere ab novo duce novum consilium, et quo Q.F.Flac.3 audacius erat, magis placebat. reliquum diei expediendis Ap. Claud. armis et curatione corporum consumptum, et major pars

a

e

39 noctis quieti data est. quarta 15 vigilia movere. erant ultra Hasdrubal's camp is proxima castra sex millium intervallo distantes aliæ copiæ taken, Pœnorum. vallis cava intererat, condensa1 arboribus. in hujus silvæ medio ferme spatio cohors Romana arte Punica abditur et equites. ita medio itinere intercepto" ceteræ copiæ silenti agmine ad proximos hostes ductæ. et cum statio nulla pro portis neque in vallo custodia essent, velut in sua castra, nullo usquam obsistente penetravere. inde signa canunt et tollitur clamor. pars semisomnos2 hostes cædunt; pars ignes casis" stramento arido tectis injiciunt; pars portas occupant, ut fugam intercludant. hostes simul ignis clamor cædes, velut alienatos sensibus, nec audire nec providere quicquam sinunt. incidunt inermes inter catervas armatorum. alii ruunt ad portas, alii obseptis itineribus super vallum saliunt. et ut quisque evaserat, protinus ad castra altera fugiunt, ubi ab cohorte et equitibus ex occulto procurrentibus3 circumventi cæsique ad unum omnes sunt. quanquam etiamsi quis ex ea cæde effugisset, adeo raptim a' captis propioribus castris in altera transcursum castra ab Ro- and the manis est, ut prævenire nuntius cladis non posset. ibi thaginian vero, quo longius ab hoste aberant, et quia sub lucem 8 camp. pabulatum lignatum et prædatum quidam dilapsi fuerant,

other Car

b ix.

em. S. G. VL, on Gr. C. 486. adv. GB.-statio P. PE. F.-stadio pl. Mss. 43: xxix, 9; Curt. iv, 2, 9; Tac. A. xv, 3. DU.—intersepto conj. OU, on Fr. i, 5, 11. cf. vi, 9; viii, 25; xxiv, 23; xxv, 11; xxxi, 46; xxxiv, 40; xxxvii, 8; obsepire is likewise used below; ii, 6; ix, 34; 43; xxi, 38; xxii, 50; and the preceding examples of intercipere are perhaps corrupted. DU. cf. viii, 25, 5. D. cignis pl. Mss. ant. Edd. pr. DJ. adv. D-signa one PÈ. d P. F. em. cf. xxvii, 3; xxx, 3. L. pr. GB.-escasis one PE.æstas 5 Læstus HF.-escas C. V. 2 L. H. B. GA. HV. RM. CO. L. N. ant. Edd. pr. DJ. adv. D. e stramenta arida ed. Pa. sqq.-frustamenta arida C. f em. G. pr. C.-raptiva P. PE.-raptim pl. Mss. ed. G. C. D. g F. ed. A. G. C. cf. ii, 55, 1. D-luce publica V. 1, 2, 4, 5 L. H. B. HF. GA. HV. N. ant. Edd.-lucum al. Mss. ed. D.-luce pura conj. SB. ed. AS.-luce prima or propinqua conj. AS.

15 Three hours later than Marcius said in his speech. C.

1 That is condensis. E. densi colles occurs simply, Tib. iv, 3, 7; as in Greek either darus ὕλη, οι ὕλη δασὺς ἴδῃσι πίτυσι, &c. may be used. SH.

2 xxx, 5; Cic. Fam. vii, 1; G. ix, 24; (n.) 37; xxxvii, 20; (n.) xl, 15; Sall. J. 21; Phæd. iv, 14, 11; Coel. in Quint. I. O. iv, 2; Tac. A. i, 51. D.

3 11; 41; xl, 30; cf. G, on T. A. i, 68, 4; nn, on Sil. vii, 566. D.

Another

Carthagi

nian camp

taken.

Q.F. Flac.3 neglecta magis omnia ac soluta invenere, arma tantum 5 Ap. Claud. in stationibus posita, milites inermes aut humi sedentes accubantesque aut obambulantes ante vallum portasque. cum his tam securis solutisque Romani calentes adhuc ab recenti pugna ferocesque victoria prælium ineunt. itaque nequaquam resisti in portis potuit. intra portas concursu ex totis castris ad primum clamorem et tumultum facto atrox prælium oritur. diuque tenuisset, ni cruenta scuta Romanorum visa indicium alterius cladis Pœnis atque inde pavorem injecissent. hic terror in fugam avertit omnes; effusique qua iter est, nisi quos cædes oppressit, exuuntur castris. ita nocte ac die bina castra hostium expugnata ductu L. Marcii. ad triginta septem' millia 'hostium cæsa' auctor est Claudius7, qui annales Acilianos ex Græco in Latinum sermonem vertit; captos ad mille octingentos triginta, prædam ingentem partam. in ea fuisse clipeum argenteum pondo centum triginta octo cum imagine Barcini Hasdrubalis.' Valerius Antias 10 una castra Magonis capta' tradit, septem millia 'cæsa hostium; altero prælio eruptione pugnatum cum Hasdrubale, decem millia occisa, quattuor millia tre

V. i, 6.

hhine ed. GR. CI. adv. Mss.

4 Free from apprehension and care,' therefore fearless and careless; vi, 3; viii, 30; iii, 8; solute ac negligenter, xxiii, 37. R. Observe, again, the difference between securus and tutus; with us SECURE has the same signification, though not in its colloquial use. 5 Instead of armed soldiers.' ST. 6 Where there was an opening.' C. 7 Who this Claudius was is doubtful. VO, de H. L. i, 10; 17. DU. C. ST. It might be (1) Clodius Licinius, xxix, 22; S. or (2) Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, MAL, Par. de H. G. Gell. xv, 1; DĎ, Ap. Pr. C. p. 658. viii, 19; C. vi, 42; vii, 10; ix, 5; xxxiii, 10; xxxv, 14; Gell. i, 7; 16; 25; ii, 2; 19; iii, 7 sq; v, 17; vii, 11; ix, 1; 13 sq; App. B. G. 1; (SW, p. 172.) V. Pat. ii, 9. E, C. C. R.

8 Of C. Acilius also little is known for certain. ST. He is mentioned, Cic. Off. iii, 32, 115; (FC.) Dion. iii; Plut. Rom. p. 31; S. Auct. de Or. G. R. 10; cf. Cic. Leg. i, 2. DU. Perhaps (1) the person who interpreted the speeches of Carneades and his companions to the senate, in 597 Y. R.

6

1 XXXVIII Val. Max.

Plut. Cato M. p. 349. C. or (2) C. Acilius Glabrio, a provincial questor, 551 Y. R. (according to PG.) and tribune of the plebeians, 556 Y. R. xxxii, 29: l'O, de H. G. i, 18. But he certainly lived after 561 Y. R. XXXV, 14. DU.

9 They used to have on their shields the representations of illustrious men; nn, on Sil. i, 407. And these were called clipei, clipea, imagines clipeatæ, (portraits in medallion, figures cast or engraved in relief,') from their round form; or perhaps more correctly glupe from yλúpur ‘to carve.' cf. xxxiv, 52; xxxv, 10; 41; xxxviii, 35; xl, 51; nn, on Tac. A. ii, 83, 8; Pliny xxxiv, 4; xxxv, 2 sqq; DD, Pr. on Sp. H. p. 6. R.

10 Q. Valerius Antias, the contemporary of Sisenna, C. Licinius Macrus, (iv, 7;) Lucretius, and Catullus, lived in the times of Sulla and composed a voluminous work called the Annals of Rome: Gell. vii, 9; Prisc. ix; V. Pat. ii, 9. Livy charges him with exaggeration, xxxvi, 38; xxvi, 49. C. R.

40

6

account of a

'centos triginta captos.' Piso" quinque millia hominum, Q. F. Flac.3 Ap. Claud. 'cum Mago cedentes nostros effuse sequeretur, cæsa ex 'insidiis' scribit. apud omnes magnum nomen Marcii ducis est. et veræ gloriæ ejus etiam miracula addunt, Marvellous 'flammam ei concionanti fusam e capite, sine ipsius sensu, flame ap'cum magno pavore circumstantium militum. monumen- pearing to 'tumque victoriæ ejus de Pœnis usque ad incensum 12 the head of Capitolium fuisse in templo clipeum Marcium appella-, 39, V., 'tum, cum imagine Hasdrubalis.' quieta deinde aliquam- 6, 2; VÆ diu in Hispania res fuere, utrisque post tantas acceptas in vicem illatasque clades cunctantibus periculum summæ rerum facere.

6

issue from

Marcius,

ii, 680 sqq.

Dum hæc in Hispania geruntur, Marcellus captis Syra- The spoils cusis, cum cetera in Sicilia tanta fide atque integritate conveyed to of Syracuse composuisset ut non modo suam gloriam sed etiam maje- Rome. statem populi Romani augeret, ornamenta urbis, signa tabulasque, quibus abundabant Syracusa, Romam devexit, hostium quidem illa spolia, et parta belli jure: ceterum inde primum initium' mirandi Græcarum artium opera' licentiæque huic sacra profanaque omnia vulgo spoliandi factum est, quæ postremo in Romanos deos, templum id C. i, 365. ipsum primum3 quod a Marcello eximie ornatum est, vertit. visebantur enim ab externis ad portam Capenam

a om. conj. as vestri adhortandi, xxi, 41; agrorum condonandi, Cic. Ph. v, 6; &c. artes being taken for works of art,' as in Virg. Æ. v, 359; Hor. O. iv, 8, 5. C. adv. cf. e below; xxiv, 23, a. D. bpl. and opt. Mss. of the present day,' which is now the fashion or in vogue;' thus hæc opera, i, 55; hæc magnificentia, vi, 4; hæc effusio, xliv, 9; vindemia hæc, of this year,' Plaut. Cur. i, 2; (LM.) hæc annona, id. Trin. ii, 4, 83; luxuria hæc, Cic. Pis. 27; (FAE.) G. i, 5; 42; ii, 13; xxxix, 22. R. The change of construction from genitive to dative is familiar to Livy: cf. xxxviii, 39, 10. D.—hine VI. al. Mss. ant. and pl. Edd. ed. C. pr. DJ.

11 L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi was consul in 620 Y. R. He wrote Annals and Orations. R.

12 Y. R. 669, when Scipio and Norbanus were consuls. C. Pani ex auro [argenteum, above;] factitavere et clipeos et imagines, secumque in castris tulere. certe captis eis talem Hasdrubalis invenit Q. Marcius, Scipionum in Hispania ultor: isque clipeus supra fores Capitolinæ adis usque ad incendium primum fuit, Pliny xxxv, 3. D. The second time was when Vitellius was emperor; Tac. H. i, 2; iii, 72; iv, 53. R.

1 Which encreased after the destruction of Corinth cf. xxxix, 6; Cic. Fam. viii, 14. (MN.) R.

:

2 In Greece and other provinces:' cf. Juv. viii, 94 sq. nn. R.

3 The temples of the gods at Rome, especially the very temple &c.' D. xxvii, 25; (where the reason why templa and templum are used in speaking of the same building is seen: R.) xxix, 11; victoriæ putabat esse, multa Romam deportare, quæ ornamento Urbi esse possent; humanitatis, non plane spoliare urbem....Romum quæ asportata sunt, ad ædem Honoris atque Virtutis itemque in aliis locis videmus, Cic. Ver. iv, 54. This edifice was probably without the city, xxvi, 32; NA, R. V. iii, 2; BOR, A. U. R. 3; DU. in TŴY Einsdinar dapúgwr nodoμnμívor, Plut. Mar. p. 314; Pliny xxxv, 10 s. 37. R.