a

expeditis, acerrimo quoque viro 12, raptim angustias 13 P. C. Scipio T.S.Longus evadit, iisque ipsis tumulis quos hostes tenuerant consedit. 33 prima deinde luce castra mota, et agmen reliquum incedere cœpit. jam montani signo dato ex castellis1 ad stationem solitam conveniebant, cum repente conspiciunt alios arce occupata sua super caput imminentes, alios via transire hostes. utraque simul objecta res oculis ani- P. iii, 51. misque immobiles3 parumper eos defixit. deinde ut trepidationem in angustiis suoque ipsum tumultu misceri agmen videre, equis maxime consternatis, quicquid adjecissent ipsi terroris satis ad perniciem fore rati, perversis f rupibus, juxta invia ac devia assueti, decurrunt. tum vero simul ab hostibus simul ab iniquitate locorum Pœni oppugnabantur; plusque inter ipsos, sibi quoque tendente ut periculo prius evaderet, quam cum hostibus certaminis erat. equi maxime infestum agmen faciebant, qui et clamoribus dissonis', quos nemora etiam repercussæque valles augebant, territi trepidabant", et icti

་

7

d

6

< F.

a capita HV. 1 P 2d. b infra conj. G. The narrow defile,' is meant. R. ipse is elegantly put between suus and its substantive, and in a different case; vii, 4; i, 54. G.-suosque ipso 1 L. D. N.-suoque ipso N 2d. C. V. 2-5 L. H. HF. HV. GA.--suoque ipsi B. d quibus ad. pl. Mss. e ipsis F. V. 1-4 L. B. HV. f diversis 2 P.-per transverse rupis conj. G.-perversus may signify adverse, difficult, dangerous, impracticable;' cf. Plaut. Men. v, 5, 1; Virg. Æ. vii, 584 ; (CD.) Prop. iv, 9, 38; C. Sen. Ira i, 16: or ⚫ transverse, oblique.' ST.-percursis or transversis conj. B. E, also, considers the word corrupt.-præcelsis (or rati perculsis,) rupibus conj. R.-diversi rupibus, juxta invio ac devio WL. & discurrunt A. hem. FR. pr. G.-quisque intentus 2 P.-quoque tendenti V.-cuique cedenti B. HV.—cuique tendenti cet. Mss. periculum B. but cf. viii, 26; BU, on V. Fl. vii, 163; D. 32, 13. i prior conj. G. k ex HF. 1 HF. V marg.-dissonantibus 2 L.-dissentionis F. C.-dissentionibusque 1, 2 P. N.—dissentionibus 1 L.-et dissentionibus 4 L.-dissentientibus V. m trepidant F.

12 The singular with quisque is often put in apposition to the plural; i, 7; xxxv, 34. R. 13 xxxviii, 2; the same as er angustiis; R. or angustiis, 33, i.

1 Forts' or small entrenched camps;' v, 5; xxxviii, 4; Cæs. B. G. vii, 69; ⚫ mountain fastnesses;' ix, 38. R.

2 Namely saltum, 32; which is presently called ari sua. R.

3 Petrified with amazement;' iii, 47. DŒ. cf. xxii, 53, 3. 4 Parumper μετὰ δέ· Her. i, 11.

deinde; τεως μὲν

...

5 Alike;' v, 6; ix, 13; xxiii, 28; xxiv, 5; 19; 37; xxv, 12; Lucr. i, 846. justa and prope are followed by either a dative or an accusative, Prisc. xviii, p. 1172. R. PZ, on SA, M. i, 16, 1, p. 146. D.

i

P.C. Scipio forte aut vulnerati adeo consternabantur, ut stragem inT.S.Longus gentem simul hominum ac sarcinarum omnis generis

facerent. multosque turba, cum præcipites deruptæque utrinque angustiæ essent, in immensum altitudinis dejecit; quosdam et armatos". sed ruinæ maximæ modo jumenta cum oneribus' devolvebantur". quæ quanquam fœda visu erant, stetit parumper tamen Hannibal ac suos continuit, ne tumultum ac trepidationem augeret. deinde postquam interrumpi agmen vidit, periculumque esse ne exutum impedimentis exercitum nequicquam incolumem traduxisset, decurrit ex superiore loco, et cum impetu ipso fudisset hostem, suis quoque tumultum auxit. sed is tumultus momento temporis, postquam liberata itinera fugaw montanorum erant, sedatur; nec per otium modo sed prope P. iii, 51. silentio mox omnes traducti. castellum inde quod caput ejus regionis erat, viculosque circumjectos capit, et captivo frumento ac pecoribus per triduum exercitum aluit. et quia nec montanis primo perculsis nec loco magnopere impediebantur, aliquantum eo triduo viæ confecit.

P. iii, 52.

V

Perventum inde ad frequentem1 cultoribus alium, ut 234

• Broken down,' T.

G. C. F 2d.-consternebantur F.-consternati sunt cet. Mss. -diruptæ B.-derutaque 2, 4 L.-diruptaque cet. Mss. P quidam et armati B. HV. 2 L. S. 9 om. 2 P.-in B. HV. 2 L. S.-inde per HF.-si C.-eidem 3 L.- idem 5 L-inde al. Mss. ed. G. C. rruinas maximas B. HV. S.-ruina maxima 2 L.-ruinas montium HF.The bodies lay upon each other in heaps, like the timbers and stones of a building which has tumbled down; iv, 33; v, 43; 47. R. om. HF.-et 2 L.-ut ad. 2 P.-modo is an ablative, the same as more, (apts Matina more modoque, Hor. O. iv, 2, 27 sq. (DŒE.) R. ED.) ruinæ prope similis trepidatio, xlii, 66. GT. It is placed after the genitive, xxvii, 48; xliv, 41; Spart. Hadr. 9; D. x, 44; xxi, 63; xxvii, 4; xxviii, 11; xxix, 2. R. Perhaps the preceding word should be maxime, which is often joined with it, as xxi, 38; xxxiv, 13; xxxv, 34; xxxvii, 30. DU. B. thominibus HV.-omnibus oneribus GA. u om. F. the verb dejecit is sufficient. G.-devolvebant 1 L. V V.-equis pl. Mss. quis or ipse quis al. wom. V. 3, 4 L. H. al. liberare does admit a genitive case, as in v, 28; xli, 19. D. x F.-vicosque cet. Mss. y em. from Pol. ST. It would seem that several words have been here lost. G.et vicorum pecoribus conj. B.-captivis pecoribus or captivo pecore conj. G. C. E. which is not more harsh than captiva arma, &c. vii, 14; x, 2; xliv, 40; G. v, 30; x, 46; xxvi, 47; vi, 22. D.-et raptis eorum pecoribus conj. R.-frumento om. Mss. pl. Edd.-captivorum (om. frumento) conj. V. ed. G. C. D. z prælio conj. V.-nec montani prælio perculsi, nec loca magnopere impediebant, conj. G.-loca occurs in F. G. V. C. 1–3 L. HF.-nec a montanis primo impetu perculsis &c. conj. B.

9 Many of the slaves and retainers of the camp,' opposed to armatos. The confusion' was chiefly among the baggage train. G.

1 Full;' xxiv, 3; xxxv, 1; opposed to infrequens, xxxi, 23; vii, 8; x, 20; xxvi, 47; xxxvii, 22; 32; xxiv, 46; xxv, 9; 24; (xli, 2. ED.) The ablative is sometimes understood, as x, 11; xliii, 19; xxvii, 11.

4

inter montana, populum 3. ibi non bello aperto, sed suis P. C. Scipio T.S.Longus artibus, fraude et insidiis est prope circumventus. magno natu principes castellorum oratores ad Poenum veniunt, 'alienis malis, utili exemplo, doctos' memorantes' amici'tiam malle quam vim experiri Pœnorum: itaque obe'dienter imperata facturos; commeatum itinerisque duces5 'et ad fidem promissorum obsides acciperet.' Hannibal nec temere credendum nec aspernandos ratus, ne repudiati aperte hostes fierent, benigne cum respondisset, obsidibus. quos dabant acceptis, et commeatu quem in viam ipsi detulerant usus, nequaquam ut inter pacatos incomposito f agmine duces eorum sequitur. primum agmen elephanti et equites erant; ipse post cum robore peditum, circumspectans sollicitusque omnia, incedebat. ubi in angustiorem viam ex parte altera subjectam jugo insuper imminenti ventum est, undique ex insidiis barbari a fronte' ab tergo coorti cominus eminus petunt, saxa ingentia in agmen devolvunt. maxima ab tergo vis hominum urgebat. in eos versa peditum acies haud dubium fecit quin, nisi firmata extrema agminis fuissent, ingens in eo saltu acci

b F. C.

8

a montanos F. 5 L.-credendum ratus, nec aspernandos, HV.-credendum nec aspernandos 1 P. F. C. V. B. HF. H. 1-4 L.-credendum nec aspernendos 2 P.credendo nec aspernando, V. 3 P. R. GA. for credens and aspernatus; thus conciendo, i, 8; comparando, i, 5; miscendo, ii, 9; sumendo, ii, 32; B. cf. also iii, 49; 53; iv, 2; xxii, 3; 14; xxx, 13; xxxviii, 16; xl, 54. R. d aperti conj. (gódnλos, Pol.) D. e via pl. Mss. f F. C. V 2d. A.—composito cet. Mss.-cf. metu Panorum maxime intentus atque agmine ad omnes casus composito ibat, xxiv, 35; negligenter ex itinere suspensa humeris, ut inter pacatos, gerentes arma, xxvii, 28; WS, on S. J. 50. DU. The sense will be the same; but the latter reading will require a comma after pacatos, where the word sed will be understood, as before publicum, i, 25; and paullatim, iii, 14: in the former case nequaquam is to be connected with incomposito. D. que om. al. Mss, seemingly from ignorance of the construction of sollicitus with an accusative; xxviii, 19; xliv, 3; thus cetera egregius, i, 32; 35; cetera teres, xxi, 8; GR. Hor. O. iv, 2, 60. ED. exanimes vicem, i, 25; cf. viii, 35; ii. 31; xl, 23. In that case it must be taken adverbially: R. as incompositi præduntes, vii, 39; armati circumsedentes, xxiii, 24; exanimem labentem, xxv, 34; transversi incumbentes, xliv, 5; &c. D. xxii, 12, g. hin angustiore via et parte altera subjecta jugo insuper imminente F.-jugo superimminente 3 L. cf. Virg. Æ. xii, 306; V. Max. i, 8, 2; HS, on O. M. iv, 680: desuper imminet occurs Stat. Th. i, 660; cf. also 1, d. D. i F. C.-et ad. before ab and que after eminus al. Mss.

T.S.Longus

P. C. Scipio pienda clades fuerit'. tunc quoque ad extremum periculi 1o ac prope perniciem ventum est: nam dum cunctatur* Hannibal demittere' agmen in angustias", quia non, ut ipse equitibus præsidio erat, ita peditibus quicquam ab tergo auxilii reliquerat, occursantes per obliqua 12 montani, interrupto" medio agmine, viam insedere; noxque una " Hannibali sine equitibus atque impedimentis acta est. P. iii, 53. postero die jam segnius intercursantibus barbaris junctæ 35 copiæ1, saltusque haud sine clade, majore tamen jumentorum quam hominum pernicie, superatus. inde montani pauciores jam et latrocinii 2 magis quam belli more concursabant, modo in primum modo in novissimum agmen, utcunque aut locus opportunitatem daret aut progressi morative aliquam occasionem fecissent. elephanti, sicut per artas præcipites vias magna mora agebantur, ita tutum ab hostibus, quacunque incederent, quia insuetis adeundi propius metus erat, agmen præbebant.

S. iii, 554.

5

b

Nono die in jugum Alpium perventum est, per invia pleraque et errores", quos aut ducentium fraus, aut ubi fides iis non esset 6, temere 7 initæ valles a conjectantibus iter faciebant. biduum in jugo stativa habita, fessisque

с

་

JF. C.1L. V. fuerat al. Mss. k 2 P. F. C. 2, 4, 5 L. V. B. HF. R. HV.-cunctaretur al. Mss.-cunctanter... dimitteret 1 P. 1 nativas, Pol. iii, 70; iii, 92. R.-dimittere F. 2-4 L. B. H. GA. HV. m om. L. and some others: but cf. iii, 8; vii, 23; 34; ix, 2; xxxi, 13. DU. Here it means the infantry;' just below, the whole army.' ST. n GL. G. cf. 33; xl, 40. D.-perrupto S.-erupto Mss. о nox F.7.—nox una HV.—nox itaque una B 2d. N marg. om. 1 L. whereas it is rather pernicie, that is redundant. C. b F. C. 4 L. HF. al. Mss. according as ;' Plaut. Poen. iii, 5, 9; G. xxvi, 42; D. xxxii, 9. R. -ut cuique al. Mss. V. F.-præcipites per artas vias pl. Mss.-per artas et pr. v. or per a. præcipitesque v. conj. C.—principes per a. v. conj. G.—præcipue per a . v. conj. R. but præcipites may mean tottering and tumbling forwards in toiling up the steep.' DŒ. rores F. V. 2, 3, 5 L. H. GA. e G. 2-5 L. GA. B 2d. L. N. VI. cf. 36.-jugos C. F. V. 1 L. HF. B.-jugis al. Mss.

9 Even as it was.' C.

10 Extreme danger;' cf. xliii, 16; ii, 56; viii, 29; x, 11; extrema agminis, above; XXXV, 3. R.

11 The cavalry with the elephants and baggage were sent on in advance. Hannibal, who led the infantry in person, delayed following the cavalry into the defile,' lest the infantry, which brought up the rear, should be overpowered. G.

12 The same as ex or ab obliquo: cf. ii, 39; ix, 35; per obliquum, Hor. O. iii, 27, 6: or montium may be understood, as per adversa montium, ix, 3; &c. R.

1 Horse and foot.' R.

d ter

labore ac pugnando quies data militibus; jumentaque ali- P. C. Scipio quot, quæ prolapsa in rupibus erant, sequendo vestigia T.S.Longus agminis in castra pervenere. fessis tædio tot malorum nivis etiam casus, occidente jam sidere Vergiliarum, ingentem P. iii, 54. terrorem adjecit. per omnia nive oppleta cum signis prima luce motis segniter agmen incederet, pigritiaque et desperatio in omnium vultu emineret, prægressus signa Hannibal in promontorio quodam, unde longe ac late prospectus erat, consistere jussis militibus Italiam ostentat subjectosque Alpinis montibus Circumpadanos campos, mœniaque 10 eos tum transcendere non Italiæ modo sed etiam 53. urbis Romanæ. cetera plana, proclivia fore; uno aut 'summum altero prælio arcem11 et caput Italiæ in manu 'ac potestate habituros.' procedere inde agmen cœpit, jam nihil ne hostibus quidem præter parva furta per occasionem tentantibus. ceterum iter multo quam in adscensu fuerat, ut pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt, difficilius fuit. omnis enim ferme via præceps, angusta, lubrica erat, ut neque sustinere se a lapsu 12 possent, nec qui paullulum titubâssent', hærere afflictiTM

ཐཱ

f F. G. V. pl. Mss.-Roma al. Mss. 8 cf. xxxi, 42; xxxiii, 5; xxxiv, 32; xxxv, 35; xliv, 38. G. Cic. Fam. ii, 1; (VC.) Ep. v, 21; and xiv, 3 ; (GV.) for Milo 9. (GR.) DU. ⚫ at most.' C.-ad summum ant. Edd.-summo Mss. h cf. iii, 68. D.—nisi 4, 5 L. from gl. i 1, 2 P. F. V. 1, 4, 5 L. H. N. cf. ita rectis saxis, 36; arctas et rectas prope rupes, Ixxviii, 20; where it is opposed to placide acclivi colles. R. GR.-erectiora 2 L-arctiora al. Mss. j publica F. C. k pl. Mss.-ne qui F.—neque, qui G. 4, 5 L.—nec, si qui some Edd.-si qui (placing nec before hærere) conj. C. pr. D. I paulum titubasset F. N marg. m Nor, when thrown down, could they keep their ground:' C. xxiv, 34; lubrica glacie non recipiente vestigium ii, 68; ST. xgorovdíļuv, GB. cf. xxiv, 34; xli, 18; R. xxi, 58. ED. afflictis F. V. 1, 2, 4, 5 L. H. HF. HV.—affictis VA.—afficti 1 P 2d.—affixi conj. cf. iii, 68; D. iv, 19; viii, 7; xxix, 2. R.

8 This, according to Dr Maskelyne, was about the 26th of October. WM, and CR. The Vergilia or Pleiades are seven stars in the neck of the Bull. At the rising of this cluster the summer began, the winter at its setting. In Pliny's time, they set on the 3d of the ides of November; H. N. xviii, 31; C. RS. id. ii, 47; xvi, 25, 42; &c. Col. xi, 1 sq; 6; JN, on H. O. iv, 14, 21; R. HY, on V. G. i, 221, 225.

9 A peak.' T. Inland mountains were sometimes called änga by the Greeks. ST. The Col of Monte Viso, from under which the Po takes its rise, is the only pass from whose summit a view of the plains round the

Po can with strictness be obtained; LG, p. 69: here the view is grand and stupendous beyond description. WM, and CR, p. 182 sq.

10 Understand dicit, which is implied in ostentat. ST.

11 Arr denotes a place strong by its elevated position,' as the summit of a mountain,'' a strong-hold on a hill,'' a citadel;' v, 47; i, 11; iii, 45; Tac. A. xiv, 31. It is often joined with caput; i, 55; xxii, 32; xxviii, 42. R.

12 Keep themselves from falling;' xxii, 2; ii, 44; Cic. Ac. iv, 15; 17. cf. ii, 19; iii, 5; 65; v, 39; 45; x, 26. R.