15

P.C. Scipio posito, ut socii navales" decem dierum cocta cibaria ad T.S. Longus naves deferrent; "ubi signum datum esset, ne quis moram ⚫ conscendendi faceret; perque omnem oram qui" ex spe'culis prospicerent adventantem hostium classem.' simul itaque, quanquam de industria morati cursum navium erant Carthaginienses, ut ante lucem 13 accederent Lilybæum, præsensum tamen est, quia et luna pernox11 erat, et sublatis armamentis 16 veniebant, extemplo datum e speculis signum, et in oppido ad arma' conclamatum est et in naves conscensum. pars militum in muris portarumque in stationibus, pars in navibus erant. et Carthaginienses quia rem fore haud cum imparatis cernebant, usque ad lucem portu se abstinuerunt, demendis " armamentis eo tempore aptandaque ad pugnam classe absumpto. ubi illuxit, recepere classem in altum, ut spatium pugnæ esset exitumque liberum e portu naves hostium haberent. nec Romani detrectavere pugnam, et memoria circa ea ipsa loca" gestarum rerum freti et militum multitudine ac virtute. Sea-fight off ubi in altum evecti sunt, Romanus conserere pugnam et ex 50 Lilybæum. propinquo vires conferre velle: contra eludere1 Poenus,

m et ad. F. V. 1, 3-5 L. H. B. HF. GA HV. N. n' some to quidam conj. FB. R. -uli conj. G. C.-erant qui some Mss.-perhaps essent qui conspicerent some Mss. but cf. Hor. Od. iii, 2, 8.

blended; cf. v. 25; xxxix, 14; &c. The ellipsis is supplied in πέμπει ἐς τὸ στράτευμα κελεύων ἐς τάξιν καθίστασθαι, Thuc. iv, 93. (DU.) G. D. R. ED.

11 By this name sometimes only the rowers and ship's company are intended, as here; 50; xxii, 19; xxiv, 11; xxvi, 35; sometimes those who served on board the fleet, in much the same capacity as the modern marines, and were also called (classiarii or) classici milites; xxvi, 17; 28; 48; xxvii, 17; SW', on Pol. x, 17, 12; and 35, 5; iii, 76; cf. also 61; xxii, 11; 31; xxiii, 21; 40; xxviii, 36; xlv, 2. The citizens who were rated at lower than 4000 pieces of brass were usually reserved for the naval service, but on extraordinary emergencies they sometimes served in the infantry: cf. Pol. vi, 19, 2 sq; L, M. R. v, 18; SF, M. N. ii, 3 sq; SL, on Hyg. p. 1057; S, A. J. P. ii, 6; NT, Jd. i, 13. This being considered a less honourable branch of the service, freedmen were enrolled in it; xxxvi, 2; xl, 18; xlii, 27; 31. C. R. D. S. But besides these, the maritime allies in Italy,

who had to furnish a contingent of ships, were also bound to supply their quota of men for the fleet; xliii, 12. Sometimes the proportion was one third of the allies to two thirds of Romans; xlii, 31. DU. Compare the different senses of irißárns, Her. vi, 12, n. 58; vii, 96, n. 51; 184, n. 55; viii, 118, n. 37.

12 Supply ac præsensum est adventare hostium classem, quod from the following words. D.

13 Just before day-break.' C.

14 There was a moon all night:' cf. Juv. viii, 10. R.

15 Hoisted'; S. opposed to demendis, which follows. GL.

16 The sails and the yard-arms,' T. vela cum antennis, xxxiii, 48; D. velatæ antennæ, Virg. Æ. iii, 548.

17 Cf. xxvi, 38; R. and xxxvi, 44, where the process is thus described, vela contrahit, mulosque inclinat, simul armamenta ponens. D.

com

1 Properly, dodging in order to avoid a blow;' ii, 48; R. xxii, 18.

C

et arte, non vi rem gerere, naviumque quam virorum aut P. C. Scipio T.S.Longus armorum malle certamen facere. nam ut sociis navalibus affatim instructam classem, ita inopem milite habebant"; et sicubi conserta navis esset, haudquaquam par numerus armatorum ex ea pugnabat. quod ubi animadversum est, et Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum, et paucitas illis minuit. extemplo septem naves Punicæ circumventæ ; The Rofugam ceteræ ceperunt. mille et septingenti fuere in navi-mans gain the victory. bus capti milites nautæque, in his tres nobiles Carthaginiensium. classis Romana incolumis, una tantum perforata navi, sed ea quoque ipsa reduce, in portum rediit.

d

Secundum 2 hanc pugnam, nondum gnaris ejus qui Messanæ erant, Ti. Sempronius consul Messanam venit. ei fretum3 intranti rex Hiero classem ornatam1 obviam duxit, transgressusque ex regia in prætoriam navem, gratulatus sospitem cum exercitu et navibus advenisse, precatusque prosperum ac felicem in Siciliam transitum, statum deinde insulæ et Carthaginiensium conata exposuit, pollicitusque est, quo animo priore bello populum Romanum xxiv, 4; 'juvenis adjuvisset, eo senem adjuturum; frumentum vesti- P. i, 16. 'mentaque sese'legionibus consulis sociisque navalibus gratis 'præbiturum grande periculum 5 Lilybæo maritimisque 'civitatibus esse, et quibusdam volentibus novas res' fore".' ob hæc consuli nihil cunctandum visum, quin Lilybæum

6

a minus ad. pl. and opt. Mss.-affatim, minus instructam classem milite habebat conj. G. bhabebat 1, 3 P. but though Panus precedes, it has the force of a collective noun; thus nec Romanum moræ, qua trahebant bellum, pœnitebat, ix, 27. D. с manus N marg. but cf. neque enim conserta navigia ulla ope in turbido regi poterant ; Curt. iv, 3. G. d captis P. F. 5 L. e Namely of the battle off Lilybæum.' G.-eis some Mss. em. GR.-esse F. V. 1, 3-5 L. H. HV.-esse se GA. to be considered superfluous by R, and RS, who make the construction periculum fore g. v. n. r. This spoils the elegant turn of the phrase. G.

2' After' 59; i, 4; ii, 5; viii, 10; xxiv, 10; 18; 21; 31; xxvi, 35; xxvii, 26; xxxi, 14; 30 twice; xxxii, 14; 33; xxxvi, 17; xxxvii, 1; xxxix, 41; xl, 59; xli, 10; xlii. 38; 51; xliv, 14; xlv, 25; &c. cf. CAR, de S. L. p. 353; CO, on S. J. 14, 3. D. R.

3 The straits of Messina.' R.

4 Cf. xl, 26. The same as instructa, xxii, 19; completely equipped with every necessary.' R. xxiv, 48, d.

5 From the Carthaginians. R. 6 Cf. 39, b; xxii, 27; CO, on 84, 3; SG, on V. P. ii, 62. D.

S. J.

That

f F 2d. C.

om. GT. It would also seem

there were those to whom a revolution would be acceptable,' C. that some were ripe for a revolution.' ED. ST takes volentibus in a double sense, viz. cupientibus, governing novas res, and non invitis, governed by fore. The former sense occurs in xxii, 22; xxxviii, 15; 46; the latter in xxxvii, 27; &c. cf. Tac. A. i, 59; Sil. xi, 442. R.

7 Compare the expressions novare res, i, 52; xxvii, 24; xxviii, 36; xxix, 36; xxxv, 31; nova consilia, viii, 17; ai xivnosis, miveiv τὰ πράγματα οι τὰ καθεστῶτα, Pol. ii, 21, 3; iii, 4, 12; iv, 34, 3; &c. R. cf. Her. i, 210, n. 73; iii, 62, n. 6.

takes Me

lita: S. xiv,

12;A.xxviii,

P. C. Scipio classe peteret. et rex regiaque classis una profecti. naviT.S.Longus gantes indepugnatum ad Lilybæum fusasque et captas Sempronius hostium naves' accepere. a Lilybæo consul, Hierone cum 51 classe regia dimisso relictoque prætore ad tuendama Siciliæ 251; D. v, oram, ipse in insulam Melitam, quæ a Carthaginiensibus 7; CV.ii, 72, tenebatur, trajecit. advenienti Hamilcar Gisgonis filius iv, 46. præfectus præsidii cum paullo minus duobus millibus militum, oppidumque cum insula traditur. inde post paucos dies reditum Lilybæum, captivique et a consule et a prætore, præter insignes nobilitate viros, sub corona1 venierunt. postquam ab ea parte satis tutam Siciliam censebat consul, ad insulas Vulcani, quia fama erat stare ibi Punicam classem, trajecit. nec quisquam hostium circa eas insulas inventus. jam forte transmiserant ad vastandam xxxv, 40; Italiæ oram, depopulatoque Viboniensi agro urbem 3 Pl. iii,5, 10, etiam terrebant. repetenti Siciliam consuli exscensio hosC. ii, 419. tium in agrum Viboniensem facta nuntiatur, litteræque ab senatu de transitu in Italiam Hannibalis, et ut primo 'quoque tempore collegæ ferret auxilium,' missæ traduntur. multis simul anxius curis exercitum extemplo in naves C. i, 255; 3. impositum Ariminum supero mari misit, Sex. Pomponio legato cum viginti quinque longis navibus Viboniensem agrum maritimamque oram Italiæ tuendam attribuit, M. Emilio prætori quinquaginta navium classem explevit. He joins his ipse compositis Siciliæ rebus, decem navibus oram Italiæ colleague. legens 5, Ariminum pervenit. inde cum exercitu suo profectus ad Trebiam flumen collegæ conjungitur.

Str. vi, 1, 5;

He is recalled to Italy.

b

6

Jam ambo consules, et quicquid Romanarum virium 52 erat, Hannibali oppositum aut illis copiis defendi posse

a tuendum GA.

1

b GA. N.-Vivoniensi P. V. G. H.-Vinoniensi 3 L.-Junoniensi 4 L.-Juboniensi 5 L.-Vibonensi al. Mss. cf. GV, on Cic. Att. iii, 3. R.-var. Mss. below. 1 P. F 2d. C. V. 1 L. xxii, 32; xxvii, 5; 31; GB. Curt. ix, 4. (MD.) D.—excessio D. -extensio 3 L.-hestensio H.-excenseo F.

1 L. xxiv, 42. ED. According to the ancient custom, ii, 17, prisoners of war, when they were sold, were crowned with chaplets; Gell. vii, 4. C.

2 Venire ii, 17; contracted for venum ire iii, 55, to be exposed to sale;' venum dari xxiv, 47. R. With us property is said come to the hammer.'

3 The city of Vibo. C.

to

(SW.) these troops were sent over land. GL.

5 Oram or litora legens, xxxv, 27;' coasting along:' cf. Tac. A. vi, 1; R. Virg. E. viii, 7: agaλiv. Her. vi, 43, n. 54.

1 Livy, in signifying the cause of any thing, often uses neuter participles for substantives as auditum xxvii, 45; xxviii, 26; (the very being heard,' in Italian l'esser

4 According to Polybius, iii, 61; 68; inteso;') degeneratum i, 53; perlitatum vii,

T.S.Longus

Romanum imperium aut spem nullam aliam esse satis P. C. Scipio declarabat. tamen consul alter, equestri prælio uno et vulnere suo minutus, trahi3 rem malebat: recentis animi1 alter eoque ferocior nullam dilationem patiebatur. quod inter Trebiam Padumque agri est, Galli tum incolebant, in duorum præpotentium populorum certamine per ambiguum favorem haud dubie gratiam victoris spectantes. id P. iii, 69. Romani, ne quid modo moverent, æquo satis, Poenus periniquo animo ferebat, ab Gallis accitum se venisse ad 'liberandos eos' dictitans. ob eam iram, simul ut præda militem aleret, duo millia peditum et mille equites, Numidas plerosque, mixtos quosdam et Gallos, populari omnem deinceps agrum usque ad Padi ripas jussit. egentes ope Galli, cum ad id dubios servàssent animos, coacti ab auctoribus injuriæ ad vindices futuros declinant, legatisque ad consulem 8 missis auxilium Romanorum terræ ob nimiam cultorum fidem in Romanos laboranti 9 orant. Cor

a This word appears either redundant or corrupted. C.-una conj. S. but instead of this, simul would have been used. G.-vano conj. R.-victus ST.--some word synonymous with adverso seems required. b liberandum H. HF. GA. 3-5 L. L. D. N.

conj. D.

8; lapidatum xxix, 10; cautum iv, 16; nuntiatum xxvii, 37; pronuntiatum iv, 59; tentatum iv, 49; vii, 22; ea visa inspectaque xxiv, 40. P, on SA, M. iii, 8, 2. cf. also castra aucta xxvii, 47; occupatæ partes xxiv, 22; Romani complorati v, 39; mixti mares xxxix, 8; R. B. G. primos defensos below. 'The very circumstance that Hannibal was now opposed by both consuls, &c.' see 25, 10; disjecta Ilins Ov. H. 1, 47 sq; negatum Luc. i, 70; ib. 72; 85.

2 As augeri applies to any gain or advantage, so minui applies to any loss or disadvantage. RS. The expression is borrowed from the Greeks: divas pivúly τι καὶ οὐκ ἐθέλησιν ἀμύνειν. Hom. II. Ο 492 ; πόθῳ μινύθουσα δυσάμμορος, Apoll. Rh. i, 286; àunxarín μiritoress, iv, 1308; μuouoba, Luc. de Merc. Cond. i, 342. G.

3 To be protracted or spun out, ii, 61;' [vii, 12; G. xxiv, 27, 1; ED.] xxxii, 35; Xxxviii, 50; extrahi xxii, 15, 3; protrahi Suet. ii, 17; produci xxxiii, 48; perduci xxxviii, 50; R. duci Hor. O. iii, 3, 29; Virg. E. ix, 56.

4 Cf. veteris perpetuæque alter gloriæ, iii, 62; pauci præferocis animi, iii, 38; præmortui esse pudoris, iii, 72; extremi ingenii

c consules

esse, xxii, 29; consulatum unum plebis Romanæ esse, xxiii, 34; regio præsentis copiæ, xxii, 15, 5; potestatis suæ esse, xxxi, 45; xxiii, 30; sui arbitrii esse, xxv, 29; ipsorum esse potestatis, xliii, 3; potestatis ejus facere, xxii, 22; alieni arbitrii esse, xlii, 29; The substantive may be easily supplied which governs the genitive: it is often some case of homo. R.

5 By pretending to favour each party.' RS.

6 Provided they would but keep quiet, and not join the Carthaginians.' R.

7 Understand tempus up to that time;' iii, 22; ix, 15; ad hoc xxviii, 44: cf. Tac. A. iv, 12, 6. R.

8 Namely, Cornelius, (of whom that was the province; ED.) knowing nothing, as yet, of his colleague's arrival: ST. or Sempronius, who had the sole management of every thing in the camp: cf. Pol. R. or both consuls may be meant, though but one is mentioned; cf. xxiv, 24. GR.

9 Laborare is properly applied to persons or things oppressed with a weight which their strength is inadequate to bear; pr. iii, 31; Hor. O. i, 9, 3; Ov. M. ii, 296: it is joined with premi, xxii, 6. R.

Skirmish

g

e

P.C. Scipio nelio nec causa nec tempus agendæ rei placebat; suspecT.S.Longus taque ei gens erat cum ob infida multa facinora, tum, ut 10 25. alia vetustate obsolevissent, ob recentem Boiorum perfidiam. Sempronius contra continendis 11 in fide sociis maximum vinculum esse primos qui eguissent ope defensos censebat. tum collega cunctante' equitatum suum, mille peditum jaculatoribus ferme admixtis, ad defendendum between the Gallicum agrum trans Trebiam mittit. ii" sparsos et incompositos, ad hoc graves' præda plerosque, cum inopinatos invasissent, ingentem terrorem cædemque ac fugam usque ad castra stationesque hostium fecere; unde multitudine effusa pulsi rursus subsidio suorum prælium restituere. varia inde pugna 12 cedentes sequentesque TM quanquam ad extremum æquâssent certamen, major tamen hostium Romanis ° fama victoriæ fuit.

cavalry.

Sempronius

gage.

D

i

1

m

Ceterum nemini omnium major justiorque quam ipsi 53 eager to en- consuli videri: gaudio efferri', qua parte copiarum alter 54. consul victus foret, ea se vicisse. restitutos ac refectos militibus animos; nec quemquam esse præter collegam 'qui dilatam dimicationem vellet eum animo magis 6 quam corpore ægrum memoria vulneris aciem ac tela

6

:

The above passage is strangely corrupted in most Mss; originating in the two words, ut alia, being formed into utilia or Italia. D. eem. (cf. egentes ope just above; iv, 27; x, 18.) G.-primosque qui coissent, Mss. which DJ. would render the first who joined them, or repaired to them for support;' but without authority. D. f cum collegam cunctantem F. Č. 1, 4 L. B. HF. HV. N.-videt ad. B.-videret ad. HV. HF.-videret Sempronius ad. N.-Sempronio ad. 4 L. 8 peditibus conj. C. hom. pl. Mss. i cf. 40, 8. -adhuc V interl.-ad hæc H. D.-om. B.-hæc N. j gravis 2 P. RE. F. V. 4, 5 L. H. D. cf. xxvii, 31; xxviii, 11; GB. iii, 3; xxi, 5; xxii, 20; xxxviii, 15; 40. D.-var, cet. Mss. kinopinantes HV. but cf. CO, on S. C. 44; OU, on Fr. iii, 1, 2: thus palantes for palati, i, 11; concionantes for concionati, iv, 9; vociferans for vociferatus, iv, 1; conantes for conati, v, 26; persequentes for persecuti, viii, 16; &c. D. I ad. SA. G.-om. Mss. GR. CL. P.sequentes cet. Mss. sequente (i. e. insequenti xxvii, ep. xxviii, 41;) GR. CL. quam hostibus conj. FB.-cum (and Romano) conj. cf. xxiii, 33. GR.cædes ad. cf. Pol. BU.—justiorque (with Romana or ad Romanos f. victoriam tulit cf. 53; 59; v, 49; ix, 38; xxviii, 42.) G.-before hostium und. fama victoriæ (i. e. fama victoria major fuit Romanis fama victoriae hostium ;) CL. the Romans had more the credit of the victory than the enemy: C. but Livy would then rather have written major tamen Romanorum quam hostium fama victoriæ fuit. D. cf. ætas parentum pejor avis (i. e. ætate avorum) Hor. O. iii, 6, 46. ED. DŒ takes hostium after victoriæ, of the victory over the enemy." • Romanos P.-Romanus L. a F. C. cf. xxv, 18; vii, 7; G. xlii, 67; vii, 33; xxxvi, 10; xliv, 35; xlv, 10; xxiii, 4; xxviii, 19; 22; 25; xxxix, 48; i, 36; ii, 25; iii, 63; xl, 32; Epist. Liv. 120. D.-milites ac militum GA.-militum al. Mss.

n

6