P.C. Scipio inire consilium erat, memori veterum certaminum cum

S. iv,

706 $99.

T.S.Longus patribus, quæ tribunus plebis et quæ postea consul, FS. xx, 19; prius de consulatu qui abrogabatur, dein de triumpho 47. habuerat; invisus etiam patribus ob novam legem, quam Q. Claudius tribunus plebis adversus senatum, uno patrum adjuvante C. Flaminio, tulerat, ne quis senator", cuive" 'senator d pater fuisset, maritimam navem, quæ plus ' quam trecentarum amphorarum esset, haberet.' id satis habitum ad fructus ex agris vectandos: quæstus omnis patribus indecorus visus. res per summam contentionem acta invidiam apud nobilitatem suasori 10 legis Flaminio, favorem apud plebem alterumque inde consulatum peperit. ob hæc ratus auspiciis ementiendis Latinarumque

a atque ad. P. F. C. 1, 4, 5 L. H. B. GA. HV. al. atque ut ad. 3 L.-adverso senatu (cf. xxxiii, 23; xlii, 22; vi, 42;) conj. G. cf. also 10; xxxix, 41; i, 46; Sall. J. 84. D. or adversante senatu (which, being written by mistake, advers-senatu-ante, was then made adversus senatum atque) G. D. b senatorum GA. HF. HV. cem. RL. ST.-qui B 1st. quive cet. Mss. dem. RL. senatorius conj. ST.-senatoris Mss. c filius conj. P. but then the verb should be esset. ST. f MO. 2 P. B. C. F. GA. H. HF. 2, 3 L. It must be borne in mind that our author is here representing the opinion of Flaminius: GL. and that the soothsayers were in the patrician interest and well-inclined to abuse their art to crush an aspiring plebeian. ST. ementita auspicia, Cic. Ph. ii, 35; GB. are those which the soothsayers falsely asserted to exist: VA. Cic. Div. i, 16; Ph. ii, 33; iii, 4; Dom. 48;

5 Q. Fabius Maximus consul iterum, Sp. Carvilio collega quiescente, quod potuit, C. Flaminio tribuno plebis restitit, agrum Picenum et Gallicum viritim contra senatus auctoritatem dividenti; Cic. Sen. 4; cum Flaminius tribunus plebis legem de Gallico agro viritim dividendo promulgasset invito senatu, precibus minisque ejus resistens ac ne exercitu quidem adversus se conscripto, si in eadem sententia perseveraret, absterritus, postquam pro rostris ei legem jam ferenti pater manum injecit, privato fractus imperio, descendit e rostris; V. Max. v, 4, 5; Pol. ii, 21; Cic. Inv. ii, 17; S. id. Br. 14; D. id. Ac. ii, 5; Leg. iii, 9; Div. i, 35; iii, 32. R. RO, H. R. xii.

C.

6 Y. R. 529 with P. Furius Philus. The augurs having stated that there was a flaw in the election, the senate immediately sent off despatches to the consuls, (xxii, 3, n. 14, ED.) who had already marched against the Insubres, bidding them return to Rome at once and abdicate office without presuming to act in their official capacity. Flaminius did not open the letter till he had defeated the Gauls: Pol. ii, 32 sq. He then returned to Rome as conqueror and with rich spoils, but a triumph was denied him: whereupon

he triumphed as a private person, and was then compelled to lay down his office; Plut. Marc. p. 299; S. R. xxiii, 14.

7 Cf. Cic. Ver. v, 18; CJ, Obs. vi, 38; E. V. M. iii. DU. R.

8 The Romans distinguished the size of their merchant vessels by the number of amphora they would contain; as modern vessels are distinguished by their tonnage. ST. cf. MN, on Cic. Div. xii, 15; HD, on Pl. vi, 22, 24; FO, on Mela p. 280. R. The amphora was little more than seven gallons; a ton is forty cubic feet.

9 After the first Punic war the senators

purchased estates in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica; and, under the pretence of importing the produce of these estates, were more extensively engaged in commercial transactions, than was consistent with the dignity of their order. DU. cf. E, C. C. on negotiator. R.

10 The first proposer of a law was called inventor ii, 56; auctor is often used in the same sense, but is generally applied to the person, who lent the weight of his influence and authority to carrying the enactment; cf. xxii, 25: suasor is here taken in this latter sense. R.

14

for his pro

vince.

feriarum 10 mora 11 et consularibus aliis impedimentis reten- P. C. Scipio turos se in urbe, simulato itinere privatus12 clam in provin- T.S.Longus ciam abiit. ea res ubi palam facta est, novam insuper iram He sets off infestis jam ante patribus movit. non cum senatu modo, privately 'sed jam cum diis immortalibus C. Flaminium bellum ge'rere. consulem ante 13 inauspicato factum revocantibus ex ' ipsa acie diis 11 atque hominibus 15 non paruisse ; nunc con⚫ scientia spretorum et Capitolium et sollemnem votorum ' nuncupationem fugisse 16, ne die initi magistratus Jovis optimi maximi templum adiret; ne senatum invisus ipse ' et sibi uni invisum videret consuleretque; ne Latinas indi* ceret, Jovique Latiari' sollemne sacrum in monte3 faceret; 'ne auspicato 17 profectus in Capitolium ad vota nuncupanda,

G. cf. auspicium mentiri, x, 40; ementiri fulsa naufragia, xxv, 3. D.-emetiendis HV. al. H.-emendis 1, 3 P. 1, 4, 5 L. V. al. H.-habendis V marg. emendandis conj. SB-petendis R. N. pr. or repetendis (cf. xli, 16) conj. S. % arce conj. CL. contrary to the fact. D. hem. (viz. deorumque et hominum) G.-conscientias prælorum Mss.-conscientia præteritorum conj. MN. S. 1 Cf. Cic. Mil. 31; Varro, L. L. 16; DU. Suet. iv, 22; (CS. GV. BU. OU, on Luc. i, 198. D. j Albano ad. some Edd. unnecessarily; cf.

xxv, 12; xl, 45; G. xxii, 1; xliv, 22. D.

10 Tarquin the second collected all the people of Latium, to the number of 47 towns, into one grand league, of which Rome was the bead; and which, from that time forward, was annually renewed on the Alban mount (where the king had built a temple to Latian Jove) upon a certain day fixed by the chief magistrates. This was generally in the commencement of the year, before the newlyappointed authorities departed for their provinces. The ratification of the league, by the delegates from the several states, was celebrated with sacrifices, feasts, and games. For which purpose Tarquin dedicated one day; a second was added after the expulsion of the kings; a third on the reconciliation of the patricians and plebeians 261 Y. R. and a fourth on the admission of plebeians to the consulship. cf. i, 49-53; v, 17; ix, 8; xxii, 1; xxv. 12; xli, 16; xlii. 35; Plut. Cam. end; Dion. iv, 25 sq; 45-50. C. R. 11 By detaining him to preside at the Latian festival, and to discharge other con sular duties.' ST.

12 Private' persons are opposed to kings, i, 40; or to magistrates and others in high authority, ii, 56; (where the tribunes of the commons are so called): consequently, to a general during his triumph, xxxviii, 50; or, lastly, to pontiffs and flamens, v, 52. Flaminius, though consul elect, had not been inaugurated. R.

N

13 On the former occasion.' R.

14 Viz. by means of the auspices.' R. 15 The senate.' R.

16 The consul who was to enter upon office received in the morning the compliments of the senate and people at his own house; thence he was conducted in procession to the Capitol, where he vowed to the gods sacrifices, temples, and the like, according to the success with which they should crown his administration, xli, 10; 27; xlii, 49; xlv, 12; BR, i, 168; at the same time he immolated an ox to Jove. He then entered on his office by holding a meeting of the senate, to which he referred matters of immediate urgency, ix, 8; and first, the celebration of the Latian festival, and other religious affairs; Cic. ad Q. p. Red. 5; Gell. xiv, 7; afterwards, other public business was discussed, and, in particular, the sending out or recalling the commanders of the provinces, and the levying or disbanding of forces; xxii, 1; Cic. Ph. vi, 1. Before the meeting broke up, the new consul took an oath to observe and maintain the laws; xxxi, 50. His next care was to celebrate the Latian festival; xxiv, 26; Tac. A. iii, 59; iv, 36. When the consul left the city, he wore his military robes, and was accompanied out of respect by a large retinue. R. ST.

17 After previously taking the auspices;' i, 36; v, 21; vi, 41; xlii, 12; Tac. A. xi,

P. C. Scipio paludatus inde cum lictoribus in provinciam iret. lixæ 18 T.S.Longus modo sine insignibus, sine lictoribus profectum clam, • furtim, haud aliter quam si exsilii causa solum vertisset 19.

decree of

the Senate

recall :

which he

6

magis pro majestate videlicet imperii 20 Arimini quam Romæ magistratum initurum, et in deversorio hospitali Unanimous quam apud penates suos prætextam sumpturum.' 'revo'candum' universi 'retrahendumque' censuerunt, et cogenfor his re- dum omnibus prius præsentem in deos hominesque fungi 'officiis quam ad exercitum et in provinciam iret.' in eam disregards. legationem (legatos enim mitti placuit) Q. Terentius et M. Antistius profecti nihilo magis eum moverunt quam priori consulatu litteræ moverant ab senatu missæ. paucos post S.v, 63 sqq; dies magistratum iniit, immolantique ei vitulus jam ictus e manibus sacrificantium sese cum proripuisset ", multos circumstantes cruore respersit. fuga procul etiam major apud ignaros quid 22 trepidaretur, et concursatio fuit. id a plerisB.C. 217-que in omen magni terroris acceptum. legionibus inde . Consuls, Cn. duabus a Sempronio prioris anni consule, duabus a Servilius, C. Atilio prætore acceptis, in Etruriam per Apennini tra

xvi, 265.

Y.R. 535.

C. Flami

nius 2.

mites 23 exercitus duci est cœptus.

k deinde D. but inde means from the Capitol.' D. conj. DU. cf. x, 11; xlix, ep. D. but cf. 32, 4. R.

27; Juv. x, 336; [note; ED.] so likewise augurato, i, 18; auspicato also signifies' auspiciously,' xli, 18. R.

18 Hyperbole the vilest man,' not even a common soldier, but a soldier's servant.' ST.

19 Vertere or mutare solum to quit one's country;' iii, 13; 58; xliii, 2. R.

20 In a manner more worthy of the dignity of the consular office:' C. videlicet, like dara, implying irony.

om. cf. Tac. A. i, 28. G.-ut

21 It was considered very unlucky if a victim, on the point of sacrifice, made its escape: Suet. i, 59; vii, 18; Tac. H. iii, 56; Lamp. Al. Sev. 60; V. Max. i, 6. Dio xli, 182; Amm. xxiii, MD. For the phrase, cf. iii, 17; viii, 28; CO, on S. C. 32. D.

22 Trepidare, tremere, horrere, &c. are often joined with an accusative, after the manner of the Greek idiom; cf. xxii, 27. propter may be understood. R.

23 Cf. Cic. Ph. xii, 11. R.

BOOK XXII.

EPITOME.

HANNIBAL per continuas vigilias in paludibus oculo amisso venit in Etruriam ; per quas paludes quatriduo et tribus noctibus sine ulla requie iter fecit. C. Flaminius consul, homo temerarius, contra auspicia profectus, signis militaribus effossis quæ toili non poterant, et ab equo quem conscenderat per caput devolutus, insidiis ab Hannibale circumventus ad Trasimenum lacum cum exercitu cæsus est. sex millia quæ eruperant, fide ab Maharbale data, perfidia Hannibalis vincta sunt. cum ad nuntium cladis Romæ luctus esset, duæ matres ex insperato1 receptis filiis gaudio mortuæ sunt. ob hanc cladem ex Sibyllinis libris ver sacrum votum. cum deinde Q. Fabius Maximus dictator adversus Hannibalem missus nollet acie cum eo confligere, ne contra ferocem tot victoriis hostem territum adversis præliis militem pugnæ committeret, et opponendo se tantummodo conatus Hannibalis impediret, M. Minucius magister equitum, ferox et temerarius, criminando dictatorem tanquam segnem et timidum effecit ut populi jussu æquaretur ei cum dictatore imperium; divisoque exercitu, cum iniquo loco conflixisset et in maximo discrimine legiones ejus essent, superveniente cum exercitu Fabio Maximo discrimine liberatus est. quo beneficio victus castra cum eo junxit, et patrem eum salutavit, idemque facere milites jussit. Hannibal vastata Campania, inter Casilinum oppidum et Calliculam montem a Fabio clausus, sarmentis ad cornua boum alligatis et incensis præsidium Romanorum, quod Calliculam insidebat, fugavit, et sic transgressus est saltum. idemque Q. Fabii Maximi dictatoris, cum circumposita ureret, agro pepercit, ut illum

1 v, 23; xliv, 5; V. Pat. ii, 112; ex composito i, 9; ex improviso vi, 33; D. i

ἀίλπτου Her. i,111,n. 94 ; ἐξ ἀπροσδοκήτου vii, 204, n. 39; i,108, n. 57; 60, n. 23 and 29. ED.

Cn Servilius

xxi, 58 sq;

tanquam proditorem suspectum faceret. Emilio deinde Paullo et Terentio Varrone consulibus et ducibus cum maxima clade adversus Hannibalem ad Cannas pugnatum est; cæsaque eo prælio Romanorum quadraginta quinque millia, cum Paullo consule et senatoribus octoginta, consularibus atque prætoriis aut ædiliciis triginta. post quam cladem cum a nobilibus adolescentibus propter desperationem consilium de relinquenda Italia iniretur, P. Cornelius Scipio tribunus militum, qui postea Africanus nuncupatus est, stricto super capita deliberantium ferro juravit se pro hoste habiturum eum qui in verba sua non 'jurâsset,' effecitque ut omnes non relictum iri a se Italiam' jurejurando adstringerentur. præterea trepidationem urbis et luctum et res in Hispania meliore eventu gestas continet. Opimia et Floronia Vestales virgines incesti damnatæ sunt. propter paucitatem vero militum servorum octo millia armata sunt. captivi, cum potestas esset redimendi, redempti non sunt. Varroni obviam itum est, et gratiæ actæ quod de re publica non desperâsset.

JAM ver appetebat', cum Hannibal ex hibernis2 movit, C. Flamin.2 et nequicquam ante conatus transcendere Apenninum intolerandis frigoribus, et cum ingenti periculo moratus P. iii, 77. ac metu. Galli, quos prædæ populationumque conciverat unpopular spes, postquam pro eo ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent Gauls; P. agerentque 3, suas terras sedem belli esse premique utrius

Hannibal

with the

iii, 78.

que partis exercituum hibernis viderunt', verterunt retro in Hannibalem ab Romanis odia; petitusque sæpe principum insidiis, ipsorum inter se fraude, eadem levitate qua con

anonaginta pl. Mss. a1 L. GA. PO. AL. AC. V.-quæ F. C. 3, 4 L. HV. H. V. PT. FA. PN.-et B. HF. VK.—neque 5 L.-atque [from the reading of several of the best Mss, appetebat quæ conj. cf. Her. iii, 76, n. 4. ED. bem V.-ut neque eo qui jam PT.—et neque eo qui jam F. V. 4 L. H. GA.-et neque eo qui C.—et neque eo quia jam 1 L.-et neque eo quo jam 3 L. HF.-et neque eo quod jam B.-et præterquam quod jam 5 L. cant. Edd. G.viderent Mss. CU.

1 Was coming on;' v, 19; 44; vii, 26; viii, 38 ; x, 20 sq; xxix. 10; χχχίν. 13; Plaut. Aul. i, 1, 36. R. inoraμívne di Tñs ἱαρινῆς ὥρας, Pol. S.

2 Hannibal had taken up his winter quarters in Cisalpine Gaul, having returned thither from Liguria. GL.

3 Rapiunt feruntque, Virg. Æ. ii, 374. Ferre and agere (ii, 37; x, 34; xxii, 3; xxxiii, 13; xxxviii, 15; 18; xxxix, 54; xl, 49;) or portare and agere (xxiv, 16; xxxviii, 18;) correspond to ayu and pigu in Greek, (Xen. Cyr.iii, 72; 76; An. ii, 6; v, 5; H. iii, 2, [14; and 30; ED.] Dion.

H. iii, 31; iv, 39; v, 281; ix, 583 ;) äyur καὶ φέρειν διαφέρει· ἄγεται μὲν γὰρ τὰ ἔμψυχα, pigerai di rà äfuxa, Ammon. de Dif. Voc. p. 2. cf. CM, r. v. Her. " ἄγειν:” ER, Ad. " molesti" p. m. 1317; T, xxvii, 32. C. D. ST. R. Suid. "pigur:" Hom. II. B 301; E 484. WS. VG, v, 4, 7; 13, 10; Joseph. i, p. 102, r; (HV.) asyromi ws ixl road ἄγεσθαι μὲν τὰ ἔμψυχα καὶ βαδιστικά. pigsolar de rà Baoralousva, Eustath. boves multos inter celeram agrestem prædam agebat, 16; Her, i, 88, n. 55; 166, n. 1; vi, 90, n. 75; add Hom. Il. 1 590; Dem. Ph. i, 12.