His "City of God," 1, 35, 122,
123; oracle of Middle Ages, 264,
265, 376; great oracle of the
Latin Church, iv, 283; type of
Christian theologian, services
and personal character, 284;
birth and parentage, 284;
Monica, his sainted mother, 285;
education, influence of Mani-
cheans, 285-287; philosophical
attainments, 288; at Rome,
289; teaches rhetoric at Milan,
291; makes Ambrose's acquaint-
ance, and accepts theology of St.
Paul, 291, 293; baptized, 295;
bishop of Hippo (395), 296;
theologian and philosopher, 297;
controversy with the Donatists,
299, 300; combats the Pelagian
heresy, 303, 305, 306, 309; pre-
vails over Pelagius, 312; "The
City of God," and his "Confes-
sions," 313, 315; death and
character, 316-313; vii, 33, 141,
390; "Confessions of," 138;
xi, 208.

Augustus Cæsar (Octavius).—
(63 B. C.-A. D. 14.) Antony's
rival, iii, 323; fight between
their forces at Actium, 326;
Cleopatra seeks to ensnare him,
330; Roman emperor, vii, 161.
Aurelian.-Roman emperor, trium-

phal car drawn by elephants,
iii, 232.

Aurelius. See Marcus Aurelius.
Austen, Jane. - English novelist,
Macaulay's admiration for, xiii,
281.

Austerities, Brahminical, 1, 79, 82.
Austerlitz, Battle of (1805), i
144, 151.

Austin, Charles, xiii, 218, 250.
Austria, Disastrous effect of the

Seven Years' War on, viii, 390;
regains, by Congress of Vienna
(1815), many of her former do-
minions, the Tyrol, Venice,
Parma, and Lombardy, ix, 164;
Prussia's Seven Weeks' War
with (1866), ends in battle of
Königgratz (Sadowa), x, 286-

B.

Baal and Ashtaroth.-Worship of,
ii, 162.

Baal, priest of, slain by Elijah's
command, ii, 256, 275.

Baal, the sun-god, ii, 72.

Bab-el-Mandeb, Straits of, xiv, 380.
Babel, Tower of, iii, 84.
Babylon, fall of, predicted by
Isaiah, ii, 307; utterly de-
stroyed, 308; Babylon and the
mounds of ancient Chaldea, 371.
"Babylon and Nineveh," Layard's
account of, xiv, 370.

Babylonia, i, 43; El, the chief
deity, i, 45.

Babylonian and other ancient re-
ligions, 1, 27; polytheistic, 42;
influence of deities on Jews, 44;
study of astronomy, 47.
Bacchides, General, sent to chas-
tize the Jews, ii, 396.
Bacchus. God of wine, orgies of,
i, 112; vii, 111.

Bacon, Lord, Macaulay's essay on,
xiii, 258.

Bacon, Francis, Lord Verulam.-
(1561-1626.)

The New Philos-

ophy, vi, 383; Macaulay's harsh
portraiture, 384; birth, family,
and education, 387; enters Par-
liament, 388; acquaintance with
Essex who befriends b'm, 388,
389; becomes solicitor-general,
attorney-general, and Lord Chan-
cellor, 390; Lord Verulam and
Viscount St. Albans, 390; his
"Novum Organum," 390, 411;
accused of taking bribes, im-
prisoned, and fined, 391; the
charge of sycophancy,

393;
alleged ingratitude to his patron
Essex, 394; toils amid enmities
and jealousies, 397; the epithet
"meanest of mankind," 398; his
legacy to the world, 399; his

Roman numerals refer to Volumes.

philosophy, 402-404; inductive
method, 406, 418; points the
right road to truth, 410; his
"Sylva Sylvarum," 412; "The
Advancement of Learning," 413;
Essays, 414; vii, 386; xi, 212,
213.
Bacon, Roger. - (1214-94.) Eng.
lish philosopher, vii, 277.
Bacon, Sir Nicholas.

-

(1509-79.)
English statesman, and father of
Francis Bacon, viii, 80.
Bactrian tongue, that of Zoroaster,
native of Bactria (province of
ancient Persia) in which the
Avesta (sacred writings) was
composed, i, 61.

Baden-Baden, Goethe at, xiii, 398.
Baghdad, on the Tigris, xiv, 360-
362.

Bagoses, satrap of Syria, ii, 376.
Baillie, Joanna. - (1762-1851.)
Scottish poetess, xiii, 88, 94,
123.

Balaklava, Battle of (Oct. 25,
1854), x, 188.

Balkan Wars, xv, 250, 251, 255.
Ballanche, Pierre Simon. (1776-

1848.) French writer, and so-
cial theorist. Friendship for
Mme. Récamier, vii, 241-243,
247.

Ballantyne, James.- Edinburgh
publisher and friend of Sir W.
Scott, xiii, 87, 88.

Balzac, Honoré de.-(1799-1850.)
French novelist, vii, 231; xiii,
100.

Bangweolo, Lake, Africa, xiv, 320.
Bank, United States, Jackson's

war with, xii, 60-62, 65, 66;
crash of, 69-71.

Bank of England, renewal of its
charter, X, 77.

Barbadoes, Washington's voyage to
(1751), xi, 109.

For location of Volumes in Books,

Barbarossa, Frederic, emperor of
Germany (1155-1190), v, 272,
278.

Barbary States, piracy in the, x,
283.

Barberini, Cardinal (Pope Urban

VIII).-Galileo seeks to publish
his astronomical works in his
régime, vi, 450.

Barère. Memoirs of the French
revolutionist, Macaulay's essay
on, xiii, 266.

Baris, the castle of, ii, 402.
Barley Wood, Hannah More's home
at, vii, 325, 328.

Barnabas. Associated with Saui
(Paul) in missionary work, if,
415, 421, 424, 425.
"Barnaby Rudge," Dickens's novel,
vii, 367.

Barras, Paul Jean.-(1755-1829.)

French revolutionist, member of
the Directory, vii, 235; ix, 113.
Barré, Isaac.-(1726-1802.) Brit-
ish officer (of French descent)
and politician, xi, 83.
"Barton, Amos," "The Sad For-
tunes of," by George Eliot, vii,
357, 358.

Barrie, James M.-(1860- .) Scot-

tish novelist, xiii, 117.

Baruch, the Scribe, fi, 342, 352.
"Bas Bleu," Hannah More's, vii,
306, 327.
Barton,

Clara.

-

(1821-1912.)
Founder of American Red Cross,
xvi, 170; family history, 170;
service in Civil War, 171, 172;

tate, 142; founds Monastic in
stitutions whose vows are pov-
erty, obedience, and chastity,
143; great legislator and ad-
ministrator, 144.
Bassompierre, Marshal.-French
soldier and diplomat (1579-
1646), sent to the Bastille by
Richelieu, viii, 199.

Bates, Edward, of Missouri. At-
torney-General in Lincoln's Cab-
inet, xii, 276.

Baths, Roman (of Caracalla), iii,
103, 107, 226; of Titus,
Diocletian, and Agrippa, 224,
225, 227, 229.
Bathsheba.-Wife of David and
mother of Solomon, ii, 203.
Baxter, Richard.-(1615-95.) Eng-
lish divine and author, vii, 141.
Bayard, James A.- (1799-1880.)
American politician, xii, 97.
Bayreuth, Bavaria, musical festi
vals at, xiv, 56, 57.

Bazaine, Marshal.-Commander-in-
chief of French army, x, 242,
246.
Beaconsfield, Lord (Benjamin
Disraeli), (1804-81). English
statesman and novelist, x, 96,
97, 334-336, 351, 354.
"Beagle," voyage of the, Darwin's,
xiv, 161.

Beatrice.-Dante's adoration of, vi,
35, 41; vii, 24, 58, 285.
Beau Brummell (George Bryan).-
English leader of fashion (died
1840), ix, 251.
Beaumont, Dr. William. (1796-
1853.) American surgeon,
periments in digestion, xiv, 450.
"Beauty and Taste," treatise on, 1
292.

ex-

Beauvais, Bishop of, vii, 96.
Bec, Normandy, Abbey of, Anselm

prior and abbot of, v, 178, 175.

For location of Volumes in Books,

Becket, Thomas. Archbishop of

--

Prelati-
birth and

Canterbury (1118-70.)
cal power, v, 251;
origin, 252, 253; intimacy with
Henry II, who makes him chan-
cellor, 254; rivals the king in
255; becomes
magnificance,
archbishop of Canterbury, and
as such he changes his habits,
261; resigns the chancellorship,
263; conflict between the
Crown and the Church, 266;
Council and "Constitutions of
Clarendon," 266; Becket at first
refuses, but later promises to ac-
knowledge its decrees, 268; re-
fusing to do this the king brings
charges against him, fines him,
and Becket quits the kingdom,
269-271; appeals to Pope Alex-
ander III and retires to a Cister-
cian abbey, 272, 273; a truce
and hollow reconciliation, 277;
returns to England but excites
causes of discord between him-
self and the king, 279; from
the latter (at the time in Nor-
mandy), four knights left the
court, crossed the Channel and
murdered the archbishop, 280-
282; the assassination a shock
to Christendom, the king mean-
while disavows the act and does
penance at Becket's tomb, 282,
283; canonized as a saint, the
case of the martyr, 283; vii, 62.
Bede, "The Venerable."-English
monk and ecclesiastical writer
(1673-735), priest of the abbey
of Wearmouth, viii, 33;
Ecclesiastical History of the
English Nation, 33.
Bedford, Duke of, vii, 75, 76,
94, 96.

his

Bee, Judge, of U. S. Circuit Court,
Charleston, S. C., xii, 336, 337.

French physiologist, on nervous
system, xiv, 451.
Bernard, Saint.-French ecclesias-
tic (1091-1153). Crusade against
infidels, ii, 143; "Song of
Songs," delight of, 225; Monas-
tic Institutions, v, 135; their
aim and objects, 135; genius of
to propitiate the Deity, who
seeks to punish rather than to
forgive, 140; birth and parent-
age, 158; enters Benedictine
monastery, 158; becomes Abbot
of Clairvaux and Saint, 159;
counsellor of kings and nobles,
bishops and popes, 160; his elo-
quence and boldness, 160; his
humanity as marked as his
fanaticism, 161; dwells in his
sermons and exhortations
equally on the wrath of God
and the love of Christ, 162; vil,
33, 61, 117, 123.
Bernhardt, Sarah.

(1845-1923.)

French actress, xvi, 91; family
history, 91, 92; debut, 92;
childhood, 92; attends Conser-
vatoire, 92; wins first public
Votice, 92, 93; mistress of
comedy as well as tragedy, 93;
physical characteristics, 93; first
tour of United States, 94, 95;
love for son, 96, 97; cares little
for money, 97, 98; versatility,
98; home, 98, 99; light side of
nature, 101; faults, 101, 102;
compared to Duse, 102, 103;
love for companionship and peo-
ple, 103; interests, 104; mis-
tress of technique, 105; imagi.
nation, 105, 106; sensitive na-
ture, 106, 107; enjoyment of
good food, 107; considered

work almost a religion, 107, 108;

Roman numerals refer to Volumes.

illness, 108; sense of humor,
108; boundless curiosity, 109;
energy, 109, 110; friendship
with Rostand, 110; marriage,
110, 111; appeal of youth to,
111; stands apart from most
brilliant rivals, 111, 112; late
career, 112; place can never be
filled, 112.

Bernstorff, Count von.-(1862- .)`
German Ambassador to U. S.,
xvi, 42, 45.

Berri, Duchesse de.-(1798-1870.)
Revolutionary attempt in favor
of her son, the Comte de Cham-
bord (1832), ix, 338.
Bertinora, Countess of, vii, 70.
Bes.-Egyptian god of death, i, 34.
Bethel, Altar of, ii, 36.
Bethlehem, long residence and

labors at, of Paula and Saint
Jerome, iv, 200-202.
Bethsura, Judas Maccabæus meets
and defeats the Syrians at, ii,
390.
Beust, Count.

Austrian chancel-
lor (1809-86), x, 239.
Bible. Wyclif's translation of, v,
412-414; cost of translating,
417; never a sealed book to
monks, vi, 223; full of diffi-
culties, 236.

Bickerdike, Mother, Nurse in Civil
War, xvi, 169.

Biology, Principles of, H. Spen
cer's, xiv, 118, 128, 133.
Birch, Samuel.

-

(1813-85.) Eng.
lish Egyptologist, 1, 33.
Birkenhead, Lord.

-

(1872-.)

English statesman, part in set-
tlement of Irish question, xv, 50.
Bismarck, Otto E. L., Prince von.-

(1815-98.) Prussian statesman.
The German Empire, x, 251;
member of the National Diet,
268; birth and youthhood, 269;
friendship with J. L. Motley,

For location of Volumes in Books,