ganizes Southern forces in Civil
War, and President Davis's mili-
tary adviser, 327, 328; com-
mands army of North Virginia
(June, 1862), takes part in the
Seven Days' Battles, and forces
McClellan to raise siege of Rich-
mond, 328, 329; invades Mary-
land and commands at Antietam
and Fredericksburg, 333; de-
feats Federals under Hooker at
Chancellorsville (May, 1863),
333; at Gettysburg and defeat,
336-340; Grant's hammering
campaign and Lee's tactical
manoeuvring, 341; Confederacy
losses and dearth of necessaries,
342; capitulation at Appomattox
(April, 1865), 343; characteris-
tics and qualities, 344-346, 348-
350; president of Washington
College, Lexington, Va. (1865-
70), and death (Oct. 12), 353;
compared with Grant, 357, 358,
371.

Legation, Moses' divine, ii, 122-
124, 125.
Legations,

Foreign, at Peking,
threatened by "Boxers" (1900),
xiv, 297.

"Legend of Good Women," Chau-
cer's, vi, 73.

Leges Populi.-Roman laws pro
posed by the consul and passed
by the centuries, iii, 40.
Legislation, Mosaic, ii, 107; how
secured in Greece and Rome, iii,
26; English, oppressive, xi, 47.
Legislator, Charlemagne as a, v,

82.

Legislature, New England Colonial
(General Court), xi, 40.
Legislatures, State and National,
xi, 195.

Legitimists and Orléanists, x, 228,
229.

For location of Volumes in Books,

---

Legouvé, Gabriel. (1807- .)
French littérateur quoted, vii,
24, 43.
Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm von.
(1646-1716.) German philoso-
pher, vii, 169; xiv, 180.
Leipsic, besieged and taken in
Thirty Years' War, viii, 168;
battle of (Oct., 1813) breaks
Napoleon's power, ix, 156, 158.
Leipsic, Luther's disputations at,
vi, 234, 236.

Lenclos, Ninon de.-(1616-1706.)
French-woman of society, vii,

Russian political leader; return
to Russia, xv, 158; objectives
for returning, 158-160; family
history, 160, 161; education,
161, 163; identifies himself with
Socialist cause, 163; disciple of
Karl Marx, 163; exiled to Si-
beria, 164; member of Russian
Social Democratic Party, 165;
I leader of Bolshevists, 167; rev-
olutionary theory, 168-171; pe-
culiar mentality, 171,
172;
writings, 171; personal views,
172, 173; joined by Trotzky,
173; compared with Trotzky,

terms

age, and missions undertaken,
367; represses the Manicheans
and preserves unity of the faith,
370,
makes
371;
with
Alaric and again with Genseric
to save Rome, 372; earns title
of Saint when the Church was
last hope of fallen Empire, 373,
375;
secures primacy and au
thority of Roman See, 377-380;
Papacy rooted firmly in his era,
380; claim of spiritual suprem-
acy, 383; disseminates patristic
literature, 389; beneficent ser-
vices of early mediæval popes,
389; the man, his era and his
work, 391-394; vi, 243, 244, 245.
Leo X (Giovanni de' Medici).—
Pope (1513-21), sends Michael
Angelo to quarry marble for nine
years, vi, 212; 224, 233, 301.
Leopold, Prince, of Saxe-Coburg,
ix, 241, 318.

Leopold, Prince, of Hohenzollern,
X, 298.

Leopold II.-(1747-92.) Emperor
of Holy Roman Empire (1790-
92), coronation at Frankfort, ix,
139.

Lepanto, Battle of (1571), v, 349;
ix, 315.
Leschetizky, Theodore.—(1830- .)
Polish pianist and composer,
teacher of Paderewski, xv, 412-
414.

Lessing, Gotthold E.-(1729-81.)
German poet and play writer,
xiii, 430.

Le Tellier, F. Michel (Marquis de
Louvois).-French minister un-
der Louis XIV (1666-91), vi,
323, 325; vii, 157, 168; viii,
251, 264.
Leto.(Latona).-Mother by Jupi-
ter of Apollo and Artemis, i
118, 120.

For location of Volumes in Books,

77). French astronomer, vi,
409.

Levi.-Joseph's brother, ii, 85.
Levi, Tribe of, ii, 99.

Levites instruct people in prepara-
tions for Passover, ii, 334.
Lewes, George Henry.-(1817-78.)
English Comtist and philosophi-
cal writer. Scandal of his rela-
tions with George Eliot, vii, 353;
"Life of Goethe," 354; his ra-
tionalism, 355; visits Continent
with George Eliot, 357; death
of, 385; xiv, 121.
Lewis, Sir G. Cornewall.-(1806-
63.) English statesman, x, 338.
Lewis

and Clarke's expedition
across the Rocky Mountains, xi,
299.

Lexington, Battle of (April 19,
1775), xi, 51, 113, 236.

Leyden, John.-(1775-1811.) Scot-
tish surgeon, poet, and Oriental-
ist, xiii, 81.

Leyden jar, Invention of (1745),
as an electric condenser, xi, 68,
69.

Liancourt, Duke of.-French royal-

ist, ix, 43.

Libanius. (Circa 314 A. D.)
Greek sophist, v, 142.
Liberals, English, x, 351, 354, 372.
"Liberator," The, Founding of, by
W. Lloyd Garrison (1831), xii,
215.

Liberator, The (Daniel O'Connell),
X, 89.

Liberty, countries where it is pre-
ferred to material power, ii,
151; personal, in Rome under
the Emperors, iii, 74; right of
Christian, xi, 25; religious, prin-
ciples of, 27; Sons of, Societies
in Massachusetts and Maryland,
224.

"Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality,"

vi, 227; reign of, under Marat,
Danton, and Robespierre in
French Revolution, ix, 87;
watchwords of, x, 206.

Liberty and Absolutism, great con-
tests between, ix, 115.
"Liberty or

on

Death," legend
breasts of patriot forces, xi, 328.
Liege, Belgium, Frederic the Great
seizes part of the territory of the
bishop of, viii, 373.

Light Brigade, Sir Colin Camp-
bell's, in the Crimean War, x,
187.

"Light Brigade, Charge of the,"
Tennyson's, xiii, 462.

Lightning rods, Franklin's use of,
xi, 68.

Li Hung Chang.-(1823-1901.)
Chinese statesman and viceroy.
Theme: "The Far East," xiv,
255; operates against rebels of
Shanghai, 256; general and gov-
ernor of Kiangsu and serves on
special embassies, 257; native
dynasties of China, 259; inter-
course with China by land, 257;
by sea, 261; begins career dur-
ing Opium War, 271; wins aca-
demic honors, 272; turns tide
of Taiping rebellion, 277; with
"Chinese Gordon" recovers
Suchau from rebels, 278; causes
leaders to be beheaded in spite
of terms of capitulation, 278;
created an earl, 279; connec-
tion with war with France, 289;
viceroy at Tientsin, 293; mis-
sion to procure peace with
Japan, 293; viceroy at Canton,
298; makes peace for China
with allied Powers at close of
"Boxer" rising (1900), 298;
death, 299.

Limpopo river, South Africa, dia-
monds found in the, xiv, 346.

For location of Volumes in Books,

Lin.-Chinese Commissioner, cap-
tures English opium at Canton,
xiv, 270.

Lincoln, Abraham.- -(1809-6 5.)
President of United States
(1861-65), Gettysburg Address,
x, 326; xi, 52, 221, 320; era
of Civil War, theme: "Preser-
vation of the Union," xii, 241;
splitting rails (1830) at Sanga-
mon, Ill., 241; appearance and
character in early youth, 242;
flat-boating, 242; in Black
Hawk War, 243; village post-
master, 243; at age of 24, 243;
innate greatness, 244; ambitious,
aspires to politics, 245; stump
orator, 246; in grocery business,
then studies law, 247; surveyor,
and Whig State legislator, 248;
declares against slavery, 249;
admitted to the bar, and settles
at Springfield, Ill., 250; meets
S. A. Douglas in debate, 251;
elected to Congress (1846), 251;
marries, 251; Herndon, his law
partner and biographer, 253; as
a qualified abolitionist and op-
posed to "Popular Sovereignty"
he attacks Douglas and adds to
his reputation, 264-267; speech
at Cooper Institute, N. Y.
(1859), 268; becomes Presi-
dent, 272; inaugural address,
275; Cabinet, 276; secession of
the South and election of Davis
as Confederate President, 273,
276; firing on Fort Sumter,
278; Bull Run, and McClellan
in command, 281, 283; disasters
and humiliations, 285; Burnside
succeeds Pope and McClellan,
289; Fredericksburg and its re-
verses, 290; Decree of Emanci-
pation (Jan. 1, 1863), 292;
Hooker succeeds Burnside, and
meets reverse at Chancellors-

at

ville, 293; Meade in chief com-
mand and defeats Lee at Gettys-
burg, 294; Grant captures Vicks-
burg, 294, and New Orleans is
occupied by Union troops, 297;
Grant given chief command, wins
Chattanooga and is made lieut.-
general, 298, 299; his head-
quarters
Culpeper Court
House, 303; Lee, and Grant's
policy of attrition applied to his
forces, 303, 304; Lee surrenders
to Grant at Appomattox, 305;
losses in men and money on both
sides, 305, 306; achievements
of Rosecrans, Thomas, Sherman,
and Sheridan, and naval ex-
ploits of Farragut, Porter, and
Foote, 306; Cabinet reconstrue-
tion, and reëlection of Lincoln
(1864), 308; second inaugural,
309, 310; assassination, and
burial in Illinois, 313; eulogy,
315-317; xiv, 218; compared
with Clemenceau, XV, 294.
Lincoln, General Benjamin-
(1733-1810.) American general,
xi, 148.

Lingard, John.- - (1771-18 51.)
English Roman Catholic histori-
an, ix, 272.

Lister, Lord.—(1827-1912.) Anti-
septic method of bandaging in
surgery, xiv, 463-466; xvi, 80,
81.

Listerism, or "chemical cleanli-
ness" in surgical operations,-
aseptic surgery
established by
Sir Joseph,
now Lord, Lister,
xiv, 466.

Liszt, Franz.-(1811-66.)

Hun.

garian composer and pianist, xiv,
44-47, 58, 59, 61, 64-66.
Literary genius, i, 319.

Literary women of the 18th cent.,
vii, 265.

African missionary and traveller.
Theme: "African Development,"
xiv, 303; era of, 306; "the
world needs Africa," said he to
Stanley, 307; youth, parentage,
and education of, 309; enters
African missionary service and
labors for nine years near Kim-
berley, meets Robert Moffatt and
marries his daughter, 309; death
of the latter in Lower Zambesi,
309; begins explorations and
wins his way by kindness to na-
tives, 310, 311; discovers Lake
Mweru and Victoria Falls of the
Zambesi, 313; at Blantyre, in
Nyassa highlands, where 8
church was built for natives,
314, 315; reaches Lake Ngami,
315; journeys of 1853-56,
12,000 miles in length, 316; Sir
Roderick Murchison, to whom he

dedicates his "Missionary Trav-
els," 316, 317; returns to Eng-
land from his third journey, re-
ception and appearance, 317,
318; his "Narrative of an Ex-
pedition to the Zambesi," 318;
returns to Africa in 1866 and
Stanley's successful search for
him in 1871, 318, 319; his later
researches and published account
in "Last Journeys," 319; dies
at Ilala, near south coast of
Lake Bangweolo, May 1, 1873,
320; accuracy of his geographi-
cal work and contributions to
anthropology and natural his-
tory, 320, 321; brilliant and
unsullied success, 321.

Livingstone, Edward, of La., Sec-
retary of State in Jackson's Cab-
inet (1831-33), xii, 53.

Livius, Andronicus (Livy), Roman
dramatic poet, of Greek birth.-
(284-204 B. C.) His plays, i
331, 352-354.

Lloyd George, David. (1863- .)
English statesman, XV, 21; is
made Prime Minister, 22; pop-
ularity of, 22; training con-
trasted with William of Hohen-
zollern, 22; personality, 23, 56;
physical characteristics, 24-26;
family history, 26, 27; elected
to Parliament, 27; is
annuity by Carnegie, 27;
of Board of Trade, 28;

given

Pres.
Chan-

cellor of Exchequer, 28; against
Boer War, 31; fights for re-
form of budget, 31, 32; member
of Asquith's cabinet, 31, 32; in-
decision at beginning of war,
33; early radicalism, 30, 31;
achievements in war, 34-39;
Minister of Munitions, 35; atti-
tude toward peace conferences,
39-42; leadership challenged,

40;

compromises lead to break

For location of Volumes in Books,