Paris Conference, xvi, 48, 49.
Paris, Fortifications of, ix, 341;
exposition of (1851),
295;
siege of (1870-71), 300; beau-
tifying under Louis Napoleon, x,
226.

Paris, Parliament of, Richelieu
crushes, viii, 200;
Cardinal
Fleury's quarrel with the, 300.
Paris, University of, arises (close

of 12th cent.), v, 222; intel-
lectual centre of Europe, 222;
the Sorbonne, theological school
of, 223.

Park, Mungo.-(1771-1805.) Afri-
can traveller, xiv, 332.
Parker, Matthew. (1 504-75.)
Archbishop of Canterbury, viii,
80, 105.

Parkes, Sir Harry.-(1 82 8-8 5.)
British Consul at Shanghai, xiv,
279.

Parliament, English, its resistance

to Charles I, viii, 201; jurisdic-
tion over Colonies, ix, 73; re-
formed under William IV, x, 51;
Colonists no representation in,
xi, 45.

Parliament, Long, English, viit,
220.

Parliament of Paris, crushed by

Richelieu, viii, 200, 300.

Parma, duchy of, x, 126.
Parma, Duke of.-(1547-92.) Gen-
eral in the service of Spain, viii,'
131.

Parricide under Roman law, iii, 69.
"Parsifal," Wagner's musical

Party Government, xiv, 119.
Pasargadæ, ancient capital of
Persia, iv, 30.

Pascal, Blaise.—(1623-62.) French
Religious writer, vii, 140, 161,
276, 291, 389; "Thoughts of,"
140; viii, 322; x, 328; xi, 63;
xiii, 29, 60, 217, 249.
Passover, Feast of, celebrated by
King Josiah, ii, 334, 335.
Passy, suburb of Paris, Franklin
resides at, xi, 90.

"Past and Present," Carlyle's, xiii,
227, 229.
Pasteur, Louis.

(1822-1895.)
French chemist and microscopist,
xiv, 459; xvi, 67; greatness of
his discoveries, 67; physical
characteristics, 68; education,
70; professor, Lycée of Dijon,
70; chair of chemistry, Univer-
sity of Strasburg, 70; marriage,
70, 71; dean of faculty, Uni-
versity of Lille, 71; makes lab-
oratory work for students pos-
sible, 71, 72; discovers cause of
process of fermentation, 72, 73;
discovery of process of pasteur-
ization, 73, 74; discovers cause
of putrefaction, 74; fathoms
problem of spontaneous genera
tion, 75, 76; discovers germ
theory of disease, 76; derives no
financial benefit from discoveries,
76, 77; founder of bacteriology,
77, 78; alleviates animal dis-
eases, 78; makes use of inocu-
lation, 79; makes use of anti-
septic methods, 81, 82; hydro-
phobia experiments, 82, 83;
founds Pasteur Institute in
Paris, 83; opening of institute,
84;
identifies himself with re-
ligion, 84-86; reception to, in
Paris, 86, 87;
attacked by
paralysis, 87; death and burial.

87;

researches of in connection

with diphtheria, 87.

Patras, Greeks lose (15,000 men)
at, in war (1820) with the
Turks, ix, 293.

Patriarch of Moscow, viii, 349; x,
151.

Patriarchs, Times of the, ii, 45;
before the flood, 28.
Patricians and Plebians, Roman,
struggle between, iii, 33-35.
Patriotism, American, xi, 229.
Paul, Saint (originally Saul).-
Apostle to the Gentiles, theme:
"The Spread of Christianity," ii,
411;

name

birth and parentage

(14 A. D.), 411; early persecut
ing spirit, 412; conversion and
becomes member of Jewish San-
hedrim, 413; sublime enthusiasm
in planting seeds of new faith,
413; escapes from Jews of
Damascus who sought his life,
414; at Tarsus, 415; with
Barnabas founds Christian com-
munity at Antioch, 417; with
Mark at Cyprus, 418; assumes
of "Paul," 419; miracu-
lous cures at Lystra, where he is
stoned, 421; on rite of circum-
cision, 423; controversy over,
424; at Jerusalem with Silas,
424-426; with Timothy and
Luke, 426, 427; at Philippi,
427, 428; makes converts at
Thessalonica, 428; at Athens,
429-431; at Corinth, where he
lives with Aquila and Priscilla,
431-433; writes first of his epis-
tles (to Thessalonican brethren),
433; grand treatise on revealed
truth, 434; visits Jerusalem and
Ephesus, 435; writes epistle to
the Corinthians and sets out for
Greece, 437; joined by Titus and
proceeds to Corinth, 439; epistles
to the Galatians and Romans,

440, 441; enters Jerusalem for
fifth time (58 A. D.), 441; ae-
cused of profaning the Temple,
442; sent to be tried by Feliv
at Cæsarea, 443; tried before
Festus and makes masterly de-
fense, 445; appeals to Cæsar,
and discourses before Agrippa,
446; shipwrecked, but proceeds
to Rome, 447; suffers martyr-
doin, 449; character and ser-
vices, 450-453; injunctions of,
to the women of Corinth, iii,
337; xi, 25, 26, 193. See Paul
the Apostle.

Paul, the Apostle, vii, 121; "Char-
acter and Practical. Writings of,"
327, 369, 389.

Paul I.-Czar of Russia (1796-
1801), accession, X, 155.
Paul III.-Pope (1534-49), vi,
<301, 302.

Paul V-Pope (1605-21), makes

Richelieu a prelate of the
Church, viii, 185.

Paula, Roman lady of rank and
wealth.-(Circa latter 4th cent.)
Theme: "Woman as Friend," iv,
173; her friendship for Saint
Jerome, 173, 182; birth and
family, 177; conversion to
Christianity, 178; her asceti-
cism, 181; boundless hospitali-
ties, 181; enjoyment of culti
vated society, 181; charities,
182; Jerome at the house of,
184; exalted character of their
friendship, 189, 190; interested
with St. Jerome in the extension
of monastic life, 196; joins
Jerome in a tour of Palestine and
Egypt, 199, 200; builds a con-
vent at Bethlehem, near which
Jerome pursues in a cell his
great literary labors, 200;
eighteen years' residence at,
202; her deeds of fame and ir-

For location of Volumes in Books,

Paulus Hook, N. J., xi, 130; bat-
tle of, 329.

Peace, century of between U. S.
and Canada; peace treaties, xii,
408-412, 443.

Peace Conference, xv, 255, 256.
Peace of 1783, The, and acknowl-
edgment of American Independ
ence, xi, 305.

Pearson, John.-(1612-86.) Eng-
lish bishop and theological writ-
er, viii, 51.
Peaslee, Edmund R. (1814-78.)
American gynecologist, xiv, 469.
Peel, Sir Robert. - (1788-1850.)

English statesman, ix, 248, 249;
free-trade measure, 250, 265;
reforms, 255; opposes Catholic
emancipation, 262; home secre-
tary, 263-266; finance expert,
268; theme: "Political Econo-
my," x, 65; high rank as prime
minister, his administration an
epoch in English history, 65, 66;
family, education, and entrance
into Parliament, 66, 67; a man
of facts rather than theories, 67;
High Church views and Tory
principles, 68; marriage, 68;
home secretary under Welling-
ton, 69; Catholic emancipation
(1829), 69; in opposition when
the Whigs came into power,
member for Tamworth, opposes
Reform Bill, 70; prime minis-
ter (2nd time) in 1841, 70;
financier and political economist
he makes England commercially
prosperous, 71; renewal of char-

ter of Bank of England and in-
creased stability in financial
world, 77; grants for national
education, 78; Bright and Cob-
den leaders of free-trade, 79;
Peel gives his adhesion to the
principle, 83; retires from office,
86, 87;
Chartist agitation
(1838-48), 92; repeal of the
Corn laws (1846), 93; Peel's
accidental death, 94; character
and services to his country, 94-
97, 322, 825, 327, 329, 330, 331,
335, 338, 340, 343, 355; xi,
319; xiii, 139, 144, 245, 264;
retiremennt, 267.

Peiho forts captured by allied force
in "Arrow" War (1860), xiv,
282, 284, 294.

Peking, China, xiv, 265; capture
of in "Arrow" War, 279; opened
to foreigners, 284; 286, 293,
294; legations at threatened by
"Boxers," 297.

Peking, Chinese academic tourna
ments at, xiv, 272; Anson Bur
lingame, U. S. Minister at
(1861-67), 286.

Peking "Gazette," oldest news-
paper in the world, xiv, 263.
Pelagianism in theology, ▼, 207;
Pelagian speculations, vi, 228,
238.

Pelagius, heresiarch of the 5th cen
tury, St. Augustine combats his
heresy, iv, 303; the man and
his controversy, 305-313.
Pelasgi, Cyclopean structures
erected by the, iii, 94.
Pelessier, Duc de Malakoff.-
(1794-1864.) French marshal
storms the Malakoff in the
Crimea, x, 193.

Pelham, Henry.-(1811-64.) [after-
wards Duke of Newcastle], Eng.
lish politician, x, 36.

For location of Volumes in Books,

"Pelleas and Ettarre," Tennyson's,
xiii, 465.

Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.),
era of, i, 250, 275.

Penance and Self-expiation, Doc-
trine of, taught by the theolo-
gians of the Middle Ages, vii,
121.

Penates, or familiar household gods

of the Romans, i, 135, 136.
Pendleton, Edmund.-(1721-1803.)
American statesman, xi, 271,
273.

Pendulum, Galileo's construction of

the first, vi, 432.

Penn, William.-(1644-1718.) Eng-
lish Quaker and founder of
Pennsylvania, vi, 242; xi, 43;
Penn proprietaries of the prov-
ince, 72-76.

Pennsylvania, Quaker Colony in,
xi, 43; anti-Masons in, xii, 78.
"Pennsylvania Gazette," founded
by Franklin, xi, 59.
Pennsylvania University, founding
of, xi, 70.

of

Penny Postage, English, Sir Row-
land Hill's introduction
(1840), x, 59.

Pensacola, Florida, threatened by
the British (1814), xii, 36;
General Andrew Jackson re-
sides at, 45.

"Penseroso, Il," Milton's, xiii, 331.
Pension List (U. S.) at close
of Harrison's Administration
(1893), xii, 301.
Pentecost, Day of, vi, 231.
People, anciently ground down and
oppressed, iii, 24; voice ignored
in legislation, had and claimed
no rights, 24.

People,

the

Enfranchisement of
(English), x, 317. See Glad-
stone, W. E.

People, Welfare of the, Confucius's
aim, i, 173.

assas-

Pepys, Samuel.(1633-1703.) Eng-
lish diarist, vii, 311, 312.
Pepys, Sir William, the Lælius of
the "Bas Bleu," vii, 327.
Perceval, Spencer. (1762-1812.)
English statesman and premier
(1809-12), ix, 235, 244;
sination of, 248; x, 68.
Père la Chaise, Paris, vii, 65.
Pericles. (495-429 B. C.) Athe-
nian statesman, Athens in his
time the centre of Greek civili-
zation, i, 250; culmination of
ancient art in, 294.

Périer, Casimir.- (1777-1832.)
French statesman and financier,
ix, 335.

Perry, Commodore Matthew.-
(1794-1858.) American naval
Commander, xiv, 290; xv, 432.
Persephone, Queen of Hades, 1,
119. See Proserpine.
Persepolis, ancient capital of
Persia, xiv, 352, 362, 365.
Pershing, John J. (1860- )
American soldier, places Ameri-
can forces at disposal of Foch,
XV, 132.
Persia (Iran), the country, its
situation, climate, products, and
people, iv, 29-31; its people
honest, thrifty, truthful and
brave, 30; a branch of Aryan
family, 31; their priests, the
Magi, 33; the palaces at
Ecbatana, Susa, and Persepolis,

the Persians, 35; before Cyrus's
day ruled by petty kings subject
to Media, 37; fall of the Em-
pire of,
61; under Darius,

Persia in conflict with Greece,

60; defeat at Marathon by
Miltiades, 61.

Persia, will of monarch supreme,

iii, 25; use of cavalry in, 246.
Persian and other ancient religions,
i, 27; loftiest of all Pagan be-
liefs, 53.

Persians.-Brave, hardy, and ad-
venturous, i, 54; faces of early,
54; comparative purity of lives,
55; religion, 73.
"Personal Liberty," cry of Italy,
X, 105, 106.

Peru and Mexico, Conquest of, viii,
78.
Peruvian

Government,

Ericsson

62, 63, 64, 65.
Peter the Great.

-

1

and serves in his regiment, 335-
337; ambition for commercial
and maritime greatness for Rus-
sia, 337; passion for navigation,
and sailor's life, 338; seeks
seaports by war, 339; attacks
Azof and is beaten, 341; wins
at length and raises armies on
European model, 341, 342; em-
bassies to European courts, 343;
masters art and ship-building,
344; Mentchikof his prime.
minister, 345; visits England
and Holland, 345; at Vienna,
346; crushes the turbulent
Streltzi (his own guards), 347;
reforms in his army (cuts off his
soldiers' beards and shortens
their coats), 348; alters the
calendar, erects mills and digs
canals, 349; head of the
Church, 350; war with Charles
XII and invades Sweden, 350,
351; beaten at Narva (1704),
351; victorious at Pultowa
(1709), 352; loses 20,000 men
in war with Turks and at Azof,
but terms made for him by his
wife Catherine, 353; builds St.
Petersburg on marshes of the
Neva, 354; capital removed to
it from Moscow, 355; tour of
Europe, 357; disinherits his
worthless son, Alexis, 360;
crowns his wife, 362; death and
estimate, 363-365.

-

Peter the Venerable. Head of
Monastery of Cluny, where Abé-
lard died, vii, 62-65.
Peters, Karl.-(b. 1856.)

Ameri.

can explorer in Africa, xiv, 375.
Petersburg, Va., Butler near, xii,
304; General Grant at, in Civil
War, 308, 341.

Petition of Right (English), viii,
215; xiii, 359, 362.

For location of Volumes in Books,