earlier one does not extend beyond the first books, is without notes, and otherwise is far from prepared with so good judgment as the other, w accompanied by notes, generally in Latin, but so in German. All the extracts in the later one are found also in the present volume, besides others wh purpose of the selection seemed equally to require propriety of giving the First Book entire will be oby all who consider how often the subject of it is allu both in ancient and modern literature; while, with to the remainder of the volume, the world has been t agreed as to what are masterpieces, to leave any doub the absolute excellence of the particular passages cho much hesitation in preferring them to many others only to these. The editor has endeavoured to sa volume from the appearance of unconnected fragme giving entire the Epitome of all the books from the the last of those embraced in it, the portions whic respond to the text being distinguished by a large But, even without this bond of connexion, it is believ

FRIDER. SOERGEL, Gymnasii Martinei Brunsvicensis Rectore Reg. Teut. Gott. Memb. Lemgoviæ, 1771. 12mo. pp. 296. [ reprinted in 1784, and a second volume was added, embracing twenty-three books. See Index Editionum in the Bipontine edit T. Livii Patavini Historiarum Liber I. et Selecta quædam Scholis Moguntinensibus adornavit JOHANN. CASPARUS MÜLL terarum Humaniorum in Academiâ Moguntinâ Professor. M 1780. 12mo. pp. 570.

*These Epitome by some, with little reason however, have tributed to Livy himself; but, whoever was their author, they classical stamp, and are models of the kind of composition to wh belong. Laboring under the odium of having been, as the s for the full History, the probable occasion of the negligence wit that was kept, and thus of the loss of the greater part of it, this is sometimes spoken of contemptuously; but Gravina (De Insta Studiorum) does not hesitate to recommend the study of the Liviana to young persons, "ut quæ longè simplicior et cand Flori et Velleji libris, resque exprimat propriis et convenientibu absque fuco et argutiis."

the book will be found to possess a good degree of unity; few events being mentioned as if within the reader's knowledge, of which an account has not been given in some preceding extract.

The text of Drakenborch has been adopted, as, on the whole, of the highest authority; but, Livy being the author first read in our Colleges, care has been taken to conform the orthography of those words which may be variously written, to the Dictionaries and Grammars in common use. With a similar regard to the condition of newly formed classes, necessarily consisting of individuals of different degrees of proficiency, certain ambiguous words are distinguished by accents; but students should become accustomed to dispense with these facilities in some part of their course, for modern editions of the classics rarely afford them.*

The notes, which are chiefly derived from the editions of Müller, Doering, and Ruperti, fill as much space as could well be allowed to them in this edition, since it was thought best not to exceed the size of the volume for which this is proposed as a substitute. In quantity, however, that volume is considerably exceeded by the present. The notes are devoted principally to the First Book, because more real difficulties occur here, and because the student must be supposed to need fewer explanations as he advances, from having become

* In employing accentual marks, Ruddiman's rules are followed." In declinable words of the same form with words declinable, and preposi tions used without a case, as adverbs, have a grave accent on the last syllable ;" and, agreeably to Ruddiman also, this accent is not changed to an acute when an enclitic follows, since the purpose for which the mark is here used has no connexion with the sound. When, however, the declinable word is such as is found very rarely, and the indeclinable word of the same spelling is of very frequent occurrence, the accent is omitted, e. g. satis, magis, sæpe. "Contracted syllables are marked with a circumflex; also the final syllable of the ablative of the first declension," and this (contrary to Ruddiman) even when the governing preposition is expressed.

accustomed to the peculiarities of the author's style. over, the ambiguities which give occasion for many notes in the editions above named, are taken away fr by the use of accents. Adam's "Roman Antiquiti referred to in a few instances, but chiefly for the pur suggesting the sort of subjects respecting which it shoul stantly be consulted; for it is presumed that this bo well as a "Classical Dictionary" for historical illustra in the possession of every student. Such remarks as of an historical nature, take for granted the essential t Livy's History; for it would be foreign to the purpose book to enter into any discussion of what is now so mu subject of research, and, with some, of skepticism.

The short Encomium on Livy, with which the v closes, will not be deemed extravagant by him who have diligently read and thoroughly understood and f that precedes. Nor will it, to a part, at least, of tho whose use the book is intended, be less acceptable for clothed in the dialect of Modern Italy. Let such seiz opportunity, afforded them by a munificent public esta ment, of entering the delightful field of Italian litera adjacent, as it is, to the Roman and Greek, if it be rather a part of the same vast domain. Nor let those, wh not equally favored, be deterred from seeking, by thems an acquaintance with the fathers of modern learning, "whos rethorike swete

Enlumined all Itaille,"

and awoke also the minds of our British ancestors in distant island. For, to any youth who is reasonably grounded in the Latin, the study of the Italian, so far task-work, will be a recreation, an ingenuous pastime. ton, in marking out a scheme of liberal education, supp that his pupils, when mid-way in their course, "either

or before this, may have easily learned at any odd hour the Italian tongue," and prescribes the reading of various authors in it along with ancient classics. And besides innumerable traces of his opinion of its beauty and value, discernible in the texture of his writings, he has recorded, in a letter to an Italian friend, the judgment of the polite scholars of his age, confirmed by a distinct and eloquent expression of his own: "Ut est apud eos ingenio quis forte floridior, aut moribus amœnis et elegantibus, linguam Hetruscam in deliciis habet præcipuis, quin et in solidâ parte eruditionis esse sibi ponendam ducit." Nor does this arise from their being unable to ascend to the fountains of Greek and Roman wisdom; for he adds, "Ego certè istis utrisque linguis, non extremis tantummodo labris madidus, sed, siquis alius, quantùm per annos licuit, poculis majoribus prolutus, possum tamen nonnunquam ad illum Dantem, et Petrarcham, aliosque vestros complusculos, libenter et cupidè commessatum ire: nec me tam ipsæ Athenæ Atticæ cum illo suo pellucido Ilisso, nec illa vetus Roma suâ Tiberis ripâ retinere valuerunt, quin sæpe Arnum vestrum et Fæsulanos illos colles invisere amem."

Cambridge, December, 1829.