Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical Design and Analysis for Field StudiesSpringer Science & Business Media, 1993 - 177 pagine We have written this book as a guide to the design and analysis of field studies of resource selection, concentrating primarily on statistical aspects of the comparison of the use and availability of resources of different types. Our in tended audience is field ecologists in general and wildlife biologists in particular who are attempting to measure the extent to which real animal populations are selective in their choice of food and habitat. As such, we have made no attempt to address those aspects of theoretical ecology that are concerned with how animals might choose their resources if they acted in an optimal manner. The book is based on the concept of a resource selection function, where this is a function of characteristics measured on resource units such that its value for a unit is proportional to the probability of that unit being used. We argue that this concept leads to a unified theory for the analysis and interpretation of data on resource selection and can replace many ad hoc statistical methods that have been used in the past. |
Sommario
Introduction to resource selection studies | 1 |
12 THE DATA FOR RESOURCE SELECTION STUDIES | 4 |
14 SAMPLING PROTOCOLS | 8 |
15 INDICES OF SELECTION | 9 |
16 HYPOTHESIS TESTS AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS | 11 |
17 DISCUSSION | 13 |
Examples of the use of resource selection functions | 14 |
22 EXAMPLES | 15 |
52 ESTIMATING THE LOGISTIC FUNCTION | 71 |
53 DISCUSSION | 82 |
Estimating a resource selection probability function from a census of resource units at several points in time using the proportional hazards model | 89 |
62 ESTIMATING THE PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS FUNCTION | 91 |
63 DISCUSSION | 95 |
Estimating resource selection functions from samples of resource units using proportional hazards and loglinear models | 99 |
72 EXPECTED SAMPLE FREQUENCIES FOR RESOURCE UNITS | 100 |
73 THE PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL | 101 |
23 SAMPLE DESIGNS | 29 |
Statistical modelling procedures | 32 |
33 LOGLIKELIHOOD CHISQUARED TESTS | 33 |
34 ANALYSIS OF RESIDUALS | 34 |
35 MULTIPLE TESTS AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS | 35 |
Studies with resources defined by several categories | 36 |
43 RATIOS OF RANDOM VARIABLES | 37 |
44 CHISQUARED TESTS | 39 |
45 DESIGN I WITH KNOWN PROPORTIONS OF AVAILABLE RESOURCE UNITS | 40 |
46 TESTS ON PROPORTIONS OF USED UNITS | 42 |
47 INFERENCES CONCERNING SELECTION RATIOS | 46 |
48 COMPARISON OF SELECTION RATIOS | 47 |
49 DESIGN I WITH ESTIMATED PROPORTIONS OF AVAILABLE RESOURCE UNITS | 49 |
410 DESIGN II WITH SAMPLING PROTOCOL A | 54 |
412 Sample of available resource units | 61 |
413 DESIGN III WITH SAMPLING PROTOCOL A | 65 |
415 SAMPLE OF AVAILABLE RESOURCE UNITS | 66 |
416 DISCUSSION | 67 |
Estimating a resource selection probability function from a census of resource units using logistic regression | 70 |
74 SMALL PROPORTION OF RESOURCE UNITS USED | 102 |
75 ONLY SAMPLES OF UNUSED RESOURCE UNITS AVAILABLE | 103 |
77 INFERENCES WITH SAMPLE DATA | 106 |
78 RECOMMENDATIONS | 122 |
Estimating a resource selection function from two samples of resource units using logistic regression and discriminant function methods | 125 |
82 LINEAR DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS | 130 |
83 QUADRATIC DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS | 135 |
General loglinear modelling | 137 |
92 FITTING MODELS TO DATA | 138 |
Analysis of the amount of use | 145 |
102 ANALYSIS OF COUNTS OF THE AMOUNT OF USE | 146 |
103 ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS MEASURES OF THE AMOUNT OF USE | 154 |
104 MIXTURES OF ZEROS AND POSITIVE MEASURES OF THE AMOUNT OF USE | 155 |
The comparison of selection for different types of resource unit | 158 |
| 165 | |
| 173 | |
| 176 | |
Altre edizioni - Visualizza tutto
Resource Selection by Animals: Statistical design and analysis for field studies B.B. Manly,L. McDonald,Dana Thomas Anteprima non disponibile - 2013 |
Parole e frasi comuni
analysis approximately aspect assumption available resource units available units canopy class censused chapter chi-squared distribution chi-squared test chi-squared value coefficients computer program confidence intervals confidence limits considered corixids covariance deer degrees of freedom different types discussed distance to water distincta East/Northeast equation estimated resource selection example expected frequencies expected number fernbirds galaxiids goodness-of-fit statistic habitat habitat selection habitat types indices Journal of Wildlife log-likelihood log-likelihood chi-squared log-linear model logistic regression maximum likelihood estimation measured minnows nest sites observed parameters percentage Poisson distributions pronghorn proportion of available proportional hazards publicaria quadrats random sample resource categories resource selection function resource selection probability sample of available sample of unused sampling probabilities sampling protocol selection probability function shown in Table shrubland significantly large snails standard errors standard normal distribution standardized residuals study area study plots total number trout types of resource unused resource units unused units variance Wildlife Management X₁ zero
Brani popolari
Pagina 165 - Probabllrty-of-uae curvea applied to brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) In rivers of southern France.
Pagina 172 - Calculation and use of selectivity coefficients of feeding: zooplankton grazing. Ecological Modelling 7: 135-49.