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74 this, their common business might be carried on with less freedom

than otherwise."

2. Nam ab insidiis ejus, &c. Bocchus means, that he has been compelled to allow Jugurtha to have an ambassador at his court, since otherwise that monarch would have been constantly annoying him by his intrigues; whereas the presence of his ambassador would lead Jugurtha to think, that no scheme could be formed by Bocchus, unfriendly to his (Jugurtha's) interests, without that am bassador's perceiving it, and hence the suspicions of the Numidian monarch would not be so constantly excited.

3. Punica fide. "With a treacherous intent." The Roman writers used the expression Punica fides to denote bad faith, in allusion to the frequent violation of compacts which were charged against the Carthaginians by their haughty rivals. The Carthaginians might have returned the compliment without any great violation of the truth. Attica fides was a proverbial expression, on the other hand, to indicate good faith. Compare Velleius Paterculus, (2, 23, 4.) "Adeo enim certa Atheniensium in Romanos fides fuit, ut semper, et in omni re, quidquid sincera fide gereretur, id Romanı Attica fieri praedicarent." Some writers extend this character for good faith to the whole nation, and make Graeca fides and Attica fides synonymous. This is altogether incorrect. The true explanation is given by Junius, (Adagia Veterum, 577,) "Graeca fides pro dubia et vana accipitur, haud pro certa : quippe quae nulla prorsus esset, nisi praesente pecunia oculitus creditori satisdaretur. Quod ex Plauto, in Asinaria, manifestum fit, ubi ait: Cetera quaeque volumus uti, Graeca mercamur fide: et ostendit hoc clarissime Polybius, historiae lib. 6, his verbis: πapà μìv roïs ”Ελλησιν ἐὰν τάλαντον μόνον πίστευθῶσιν, ἀντιγραφεῖς ἔχοντες δέκα͵ καὶ σφραγίδας τοσαύτας, καὶ μάρτυρας διπλασίους, οὐ δύνανται τηρεῖν τὴν πίστιν.

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4. Adtinuisse. "Kept amused."

5. Lubidinem. "Inclination."

6. Quae responderentur. "What answer should be given, 1 e. what answer Bocchus must give him in the presence of Jugurtha's envoy.

7. In sua castra. The reference here is to Sylla and Bocchus, not to Sylla and Aspar as Cortius maintains. "Sulla," observes Burnouf, “quamvis paucos milites haberet, eos videlicet alicubi habere necesse fuit. Ubi autem si non in castris? Et Bocchus, quum bellum gereret, cur non et ipse castra in proprio regno habuisset?" In addition to this it may be observed, that Aspar on the very next day was still at the court of Bocchus, which could not

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possibly have been the case if he had set out the day previous for 74 the camp of Jugurtha, since it took many days subsequently for him to go and come: "properato itinere, post diem octavum redit ad Bocchum." (ch. 112.)

8. Internuncius. "As a mutual adviser."-Sanctus vir, &c. "A man of strict integrity, and acceptable to both parties." The common text has ex sententia jurat ambobus. “And who swears as was agreed upon by both parties, to make faithful representations to each." This, however, is deservedly rejected by Cortius and others.

9. Fuerit mihi pretium, &c. "Let it have been my good lot to have stood in need, at length, of your friendship." Fuerit mihi pretium is here equivalent to, res in bonis numeranda fuerit mihi. 10. Id adeo, &c. "Of the truth of this indeed you may make full trial."

11. Integra. "In full force," i. e. undiminished in value.— Me sciente. "Provided I be made acquainted with the object of your wishes."

12. Cujus curator. "As the agent of which," i. e. for the purpose of attending to the interests of which.

13. Tutus sum. For tuitus sum. Consult note 8, page 49.

1. Egrediar. In the sense of transgrediar. Some verbs, com- 75 pounded of prepositions that govern an ablative, take an accusative. Thus, besides the example in the text, we have in Livy, egredi urbem, and, in other writers, excedere urbem, &c. (Zumpt. L. G. p. 256.)

2. Quod polliceatur. "With regard to the offer just made." Sylla here refers to the offer of Bocchus, stated in the preceding chapter, "Arma, viros,. . sume, utere; and again, "Ego flumen Mulucham non egrediar, neque," &c.

....

3. Id adeo, &c. "That this, indeed, was an easy matter, since he had Jugurtha in his power."

4. Negitare. "Gave a decided negative."

5. Fluxa fide usus. "If he acted with bad faith towards Jugurtha."-Avorteret. "He might alienate."

6. Lenitur. "He is softened down." Some editions have leniter, the adverbial form, " with a softened air."

7. Ad simulandam pacem. "For keeping up the appearance of a negotiation for peace."-Numida. Jugurtha.

8. Posse poni. "Could be brought to a close."-Cuncta edoctus. "Having received full instructions."

9. Conventam. "After having been agreed upon."-Frustra fuisse. "Had proved of no effect," i. e. had never been ratified by the government at home.

10. Ceterum si ambobus, &c. 66

That, however, if he wished to

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75 consult for their common interests, and to have a firm peace,"

&c.

11. Non sua ignavia. “Not through any ill conduct on his part." -Rempublicam. "His attention to the public business."-Relictum iri. Supply ibi.

12. Dolo an vere. "Treacherously or sincerely."

76 1. Ipsae sibi advorsae. "They clash with one another." Are

inconsistent with one another.

2. Constituto. We have thrown out, after this, the words in colloquium uti de pace veniretur, as a mere repetition from the previous chapter, and savouring of a gloss.

3. Benigne habere. "He treated them kindly."

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4. Adhibitis amicis. "Having called in his friends," i. e. to aid him with their advice.-Remotis. "Having dismissed them." 5. Voltu corporis, &c. "The movements of his body varying with the purposes of his soul." Voltus is here used as a general term for the gestures of the body, including also the expression of the countenance, in short, any thing indicative of the will (vultus a volo). Compare chapter 34, terrebat eum clamore, voltu, &c., where the same usage occurs.

6. Patefecisse. Governed by dicitur understood. Some read quae scilicet, tacente ipso, occulta pectoris patefecisse, making this last word depend for its government on scilicet, i. e. scire licet. 7. Quaestore nostro. Sylla.-Tumulum. "A rising ground " -Insidiantibus. "By those lying in wait."

8. Ut dictum. "As had been agreed upon."

9. Ad Marium deductus. Plutarch, in his life of Sylla, states, that, although the capture of Jugurtha procured Marius a triumph, yet envy ascribed the whole glory of it to Sylla. This Marius in his heart not a little resented, adds the biographer, especially when he found that Sylla, who was naturally fond of fame, and from a low and obscure condition now rose to general esteem, suffered his ambition to carry him so far as to order a signet to be engraved with a representation of the capture of Jugurtha. This he constantly used in sealing his letters. The device was, Bocchus delivering up Jugurtha, and Sylla receiving him.

10. Gallos. More correctly Germanos, for they were the Cim bri, Teutones, and Tigurini. Compare Florus, (3, 3,) “ Cimbri, Theutoni atque Tigurini, ab extremis Galliae profugi, quum terras eorum inundasset Oceanus, novas sedes toto orbe quaerebant ; exclusique Gallia et Hispania, quum in Italiam remigrarent misere legatos in castra Silani, inde ad Senatum," &c.; and again, "Sed nec primum quidem impetum barbarorum Silanus, nec secundum Man

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lius, nec tertium Caepio sustinere potuerunt. Omnes fugati, exuti 76 castris. Actum erat, nisi Marius illi seculo contigisset."

11. Illique, &c. "Both the Romans of that day, and thence downward even to our own time."

12. Cum Gallis, &c. Compare Cicero, (Off. 1, 12,) “ Cum Cimbris, ut cum inimicis, gerebatur; uter esset, non uter imperaret." 13. Jugurtham vinctum, &c. It may not be improper to add a few words relative to the fate of Jugurtha. "It is said," observes Plutarch," that when he was led before the car of the conqueror, he lost his senses. After the triumph, he was thrown into prison, where, while they were in haste to strip him, some tore his robe off his back, and others, catching eagerly at his pendants, pulled off the tips of his ears along with them. When he was thrust down naked into the dungeon, all confused, he said with a frantic smile, "Heavens! how cold is this bath of yours!" There, having struggled, for six days, with extreme hunger, and to the last hour labouring for the preservation of life, he came to such an end as his crimes deserved. There were carried (we are told) in his triumph, three thousand and seven pounds of gold, five thousand, seven hundred and seventy-five of silver bullion, and of silver coin, seventeen thou sand and twenty-eight drachmas."

14. Absens. "Though absent." This was a violation of the law, since no person, strictly speaking, was allowed to stand candidate for the consulship, unless present at the time in Rome. The condition, however, was often violated.

15. Kalendis Januariis. The first of January, the day when the new consuls were inducted into office. Consult note 13, page 105. After the solemnity of the triumph was finished, Marius, as Plutarch informs us, assembled the senate in the capitol, where, either through inadvertence, or gross insolence, he entered in his triumphal robes; but soon perceiving that the senate was offended, he went and put on his ordinary habit, and then returned to his place.

16. Ea tempestate. Emphatical. His subsequent career was ruinous to the state.

END OF THE NOTES TO THE JUGURTHINE WAR.

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