trary to the usual custom, furnished with complete arms. 3 The Latins mistook these for the veterans, and thinking that the last reserve of the Romans was now engaged, they instantly brought up their own. 4 The Romans struggled valiantly, but at last were beginning to give way, when at a signal given, the real reserve of the Roman veterans started onwards, advanced through the intervals of the wavering line in front of them, and with loud cheers charged upon the enemy. 5 Such a shock at such a moment was irresistible; they broke through the whole army of the Latins almost without loss; the battle became a butchery, and according to the usual result of engagements 6 fought hand to hand, where a broken army can neither fight nor fly, nearly three-fourths of the Latins were killed or taken.ARNOLD.

4

In the midst of all this calamity and confusion, there was, I know not how, 1 an alarm begun that the French and Dutch, with whom we are now in hostility, were not only landed but even entering the city. 2 There was in truth some days before great suspicion of those two nations joining; and now, that they had been the occasion of firing the town. 3 This report did so terrify, that on a sudden there was such an uproar and tumult that they ran from their goods, and taking what weapons they could come at, they could not be stopped from falling on some of those nations whom they casually met, 5 without sense or reason. 6 The clamour and peril grew so excessive that it made the whole court amazed, and they did with infinite pains and great difficulty reduce and appease the people, sending troops of soldiers and guards to cause them to retire into the fields again, where they were watched all this night. I left them pretty quiet, and came home sufficiently weary and broken.

Their spirits thus a little calmed, and the fright abated, they now began to repair into the suburbs about the city, where such as had friends or opportunity got shelter for the present, to which his majesty's proclamation also invited them.EVELYN.

1 59, 3. 2 86; et. 3 85, 2.

4 59, 3.

5 62.

6 72.

CXXIV

The lieutenant-colonel was a man of the kindest heart, and the most humble familiar deportment in the world, and lived with all his soldiers as if they had been his brothers; 1 dispensing with that reverence which was due to him, and living cheerful and merry and familiar with them, in such a manner that 2 they celebrated him, and professed the highest love for him in the world, and would magnify his humility and kindness, and him for it, in a high degree above his brother. But with all this they grew so presumptuous that, when any obedience was exacted beyond their humours or apprehensions, they would often dare to fail in their duty; whereas the Governor, still keeping a greater distance, though with no more pride, preserved an awe that made him to be 4 equally feared and loved, and though they secretly repined at their subjection, yet they durst not refuse it; and, when they came to render it on great occasions, they found such wisdom and such advantage in all his dictates that, their reason being convinced of the benefit of his government, they delighted in it, and accounted it a happiness to be under his command.

Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson.

2 (78) they indeed praised him. ; but grew so

1 But when the opposing parties approached each other, and citizens were seen arrayed in order of battle against citizens, all shrunk alike from bringing their contests to such an issue,

Р

and with a sudden revulsion of feeling the soldiers, instead of joining battle, 2 first welcomed each other with friendly greeting, then as they drew nearer they grasped each other's hands, till at last, amidst mutual tears and expressions of remorse, they rushed into each other's arms. It may well be believed that not Valerius only but the majority of the patricians were noble enough to rejoice sincerely at this 4 termination of the mutiny, although they foresaw that whatever were 5 the demands of the soldiers, and the commons, it would now be necessary to grant them. But the insurgents were also brought to a softer temper, and asked little but what might have been given them unasked, as being in itself just and reasonable. An act of 6 amnesty was passed, and the Dictator entreated the patricians and those of the commons who had sided with them, that they would never, even in private life, in jest or in earnest, reproach any man 7 with having been concerned in these unhappy dissensions.—ARNOLD.

Each day the condition of the besieged was becoming more critical. Great numbers, not merely of the knights and the soldiers, but of the inhabitants had been slain. 1 The women of the place had shown, throughout the siege, the same heroic spirit as the men. They not only discharged the usual feminine duties of tending the sick, but they were often present in the battle, carrying the ammunition, or removing the wounded to the 2 hospital. Thus sharing in the danger of their husbands and fathers, they shared, too, in their fate. Many perished by the enemy's fire; and the dead bodies of women lay mingled among 3 those of the men, on the ramparts and in the streets. 4 The 5 hospitals were filled with the sick and wounded. Those of the garrison who were still in a condition to do their duty were worn by long vigils and

excessive toil. To fight by day, to raise entrenchments or to repair the crumbling works by night, was the hard duty of the soldier. Brief was the respite allowed him for repose-a repose to be broken at any moment by the sound of the alarmbell, and to be obtained only amidst so wild an uproar that it seemed, in the homely language of a veteran, 'as if the world were coming to an end.'-PRESCOTT.

1 (72) 'The women too (mulieres, or, oppidanae), who, as spirited as the men, since the siege began, had not only . . . but also . . ., being made partakers as of their husbands' danger so of their fate, had many of them been killed by the enemy's darts, so that their dead bodies...' 2 in tutum (115). 3 61, 8; or, 123 b. 4 89 a. 5 Simply aedes medicorum.

6 labefactus.

7

ruere caelum.

ORATORY

CXXVII

1 My firmest wish is that we may not 2 conjure up a spirit to destroy ourselves; nor set the example of what in another country we deplore. Let us cherish the old and venerable laws of our forefathers. Let our judicial administration be strict and pure; and 3 let the jury of the land preserve the life of a fellow-subject, who only asks it from them on the same terms under which they hold their own lives, and all that is dear to them and their posterity for ever. 4 Let me repeat the wish with which I began my address to you, and which proceeds from the very bottom of my heart; may it please God, whose providence I am persuaded guides and superintends the transactions of the world, and 5 whose guardian spirit has ever hovered over this prosperous island, to direct and fortify your judgments! I am aware I have not committed myself to the unfortunate man who has put his trust in me in the manner I could have wished; yet I am unable to proceed any further-exhausted in spirit and in

strength-but confident in the expectation of justice.—

ERSKINE.

2 95.

1 61, 10. 3 'Let the jury in preserving (43, 3) the life of a citizen ., preserve at the same time all that is dear,' etc. 4 'What at the beginning. I prayed from the bottom of my heart, that same prayer I again make, that it may please,' etc.

...

5 94.

CXXVIII

1

What must be the guilt of those men who can calmly contemplate the approach of anarchy or despotism, and rather choose to behold the ruin of their country than resign 1 the smallest pittance of private emolument and advantage! To reconcile the disaffected, to remove discontents, to allay animosities, and open a 2 prospect of increasing happiness and freedom, is yet in our power. But if a contrary course be taken, 4 the sun of Great Britain is set for ever, her glory 5 departed, and her history added to the catalogue of the mighty empires which exhibit 7 the instability of all human grandeur, of empires which, after they rose by virtue to be the admiration of the world, sunk by corruption into obscurity and contempt. If anything shall then remain of her boasted constitution, it will display magnificence in disorder, majestic desolation, Babylon in ruins, where, 9 in the midst of broken arches and fallen columns, posterity will trace the monuments only of our ancient freedom.

8

ROBERT HALL, Apology for Freedom of the Press.

1 104.

2

spes.

3

5 98.

4 94.

61, 10. 6'she will be added to the catalogue of the mighty empires whose records teach that,' etc. 7 58, 8. 8, 9 Transform this into a formal simile (99, 2).

CXXIX

1 My lords, these are, I believe, the general 2 grounds of our charge. I have now closed completely, and I hope to your lordships' satisfaction, the whole body of history, of which I