8 abiit.' Mirum quantum illi viro nuntianti haec fides fuerit, quamque desiderium Romuli apud plebem exercitumque facta fide immortalitatis lenitum sit. Where 17 Patrum interim animos certamen regni ac cupido versabat. Necdum ad singulos, quia nemo magnopere eminebat in novo populo, pervenerat : factionibus inter 2 ordines certabatur. Oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, in societate aequa possessionem imperii amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant; Romani veteres peregrinum 3 regem aspernabantur. In variis voluntatibus regnari tamen omnes volebant, libertatis dulcedine nondum ex4 perta. Timor deinde patres incessit ne civitatem sine the indirect discourse construction, 8. mirum: sc. est, with the indi- INTERREGNUM; CHOICE OF DECEMVIRI AS CHIEF MAGISTRATES. 17. patrum: as opposed to the plebs, whose state of mind has just been described. Keep the emphasis and the perspective of the sentence by a change of voice. certamen: the immediate struggle for the throne; cupido: more general, something like ambition. pervenerat: sc. certamen (but the reading is uncertain). factionibus, by factions; the means used by the two great race-parties (ordines) to secure the power through their dependents and connections. 2. sua: we should expect eorum; but the thought is partially put into the minds of the Sabines, yet not sufficiently to change the mood of the verb. in societate aequa: i.e. though in a partnership that should be equal. The Latin abounds, especially in later writers, with such indefinite expressions that are to be interpreted by the context. 3. in variis, etc.: i.e. though their views varied, yet all were unanimous for a king (cf. last note); the effect here is produced, however, by the emphatic position of variis and regnari. tamen: i.e. notwithstanding the want of agree ment. 4. timor: as opposed to the desire before mentioned. - civitatem, etc. notice the Livian painting by successive strokes: lest, the state. being without a ruler, the army without a leader, the feelings of, etc., irritated, they (the country) should be attacked, etc. The items of the description are put in without regard to clear syntax. Whatever can be governed by the verb goes into the accusative, and all the other тив imperio, exercitum sine duce, multarum circa civitatium inritatis animis, vis aliqua externa adoriretur. Et esse igitur aliquod caput placebat et nemo alteri concedere in animum inducebat. Ita rem inter se centum patres, decem decuriis factis 5 singulisque in singulas decurias creatis qui summae rerum praeessent, consociant. Decem imperitabant, unus cum insignibus imperii et lictoribus erat, quinque dierum spatio finiebatur imperium ac per omnes in orbem ibat, annuumque intervallum regni fuit. Id ab re, quod nunc quoque tenet nomen, interregnum appellatum. parts are thrown in as modifying circumstances, though they all stand in the same relation to the main thought. If the sentence will parse, that is enough, and even that is sometimes overlooked. circa: cf. note to 14. 7. vis: not merely power in our sense, which the singular never means, but violence as unjust, or at least aggressive. - et, at the same time, the two branches being opposed, although co-ordinate; cf. the frequent use of ut . . . ita, although .. yet. esse: notice the emphasis, that there should BE, etc. - alteri: cf. Gr. 203. c. N. 5. ita, so, under these circumstances. rem, the government, as constantly. centum : what became of the other hundred senators (see 13. 5) Livy does not say. Probably in the multitude of varying traditions he didn't know very well himself. decem, etc.: the statement, as near as can be made out of Livy's words, is that the senators shared the regal power, acting ten at a time as a college (cf. the later decemviri). One senator was chosen from and for each decury (singulis IN singulas decurias) as a president of the college and formal sov ereign (qui summae, etc.). There were ten who had the magisterial power (imperitabant), but one only who had the insignia. Livy does not distinctly say, and only blindly implies, that the college changed at all. But as Dionysius' account indicates that it did, we may presume that Livy conceived the matter the same way. Neither the hundred senators of Livy nor the two hundred of Dionysius (II.57) divided into decuries holding five days apiece (quinque dierum spatio) would make an even year. If, however, there were three hundred, as is most likely, a hundred of each great stock, then two turns would make out a year of three hundred days. But the subject is a much mooted one. - creatis: this word must be used of the election of the one man who held the insignia. consociant: the patres divided the power among them, holding it, however, only ten at a time, but all holding it successively (per omnes in orbem). 6. imperium: i.e. of each decury in turn. ab re, from the fact that it was an interval between two reges.- nunc, etc.: the interrex continued to be the 7 Fremere deinde plebs, multiplicatam servitutem, centum pro uno dominos factos; nec ultra nisi regem, et ab 8 ipsis creatum videbantur passuri. Cum sensissent ea moveri patres, offerendum ultro rati quod amissuri erant, ita gratiam ineunt summa potestate populo permissa, 9 ut non plus darent iuris quam detinerent. Decreverunt enim ut, cum populus regem iussisset, id sic ratum esset, si patres auctores fierent. Hodie quoque in legibus magistratibusque rogandis usurpatur idem ius vi adempta: priusquam populus suffragium ineat, in incertum comitiorum eventum patres auctores fiunt. ΙΟ Tum interrex contione advocata ‘Quod bonum faustum felixque sit,' inquit 'Quirites, regem create : ita patribus visum est. Patres deinde, si dignum qui secundus ab regular means of passing on the imperium if a consular election for any reason failed, even to the end of the republic. 7. fremere: notice the emphasis: then there were murmurs among the commons. - ultra, any longer; in this sense it seems to be a popular word coming to the surface in later times. — nisi, anything but. ab ipsis: instead of the patres. passuri: see Gr. 293. a. 8. ea moveri: i.e. the revolution implied in nec... · passuri. — ita: belonging to the whole clause, but, of course, only a limitation of permissa. populo: loosely used for plebs, with which in later times it became identified for the most part, though often distinguished, as in the phrase populus plebesque Romanus. iuris, rights. 9. iussisset: the technical term for a vote of the people. —sic... si, only ... in case, with its very common force of a limitation. ratum, valid.-patres: here meaning the senate, whether the word is strictly used or not. auctores fierent, should ratify; auctor is a voucher or responsible party to an action, and so one who ratifies or makes valid. rogandis: the technical term for the action of the magistrate who put the question to the people, as iubeo is for their action; see above. -ius, form, properly the right which is still formally recognized. adempta : because the act of the senate was required to be performed beforehand by the lex Publilia in 339 B.C., and about fifty years later by the lex Maenia. ineat the subjunctive as a part of the intention of the law; cf. 14. 4 n. 51 Romulo numeretur crearitis, auctores fient.' Adeo id II gratum plebi fuit ut, ne victi beneficio viderentur, id modo sciscerent iuberentque, ut senatus decerneret qui Romae regnaret. Inclita iustitia religioque ea tempestate Numae Pom- 18 pili erat. Curibus Sabinis habitabat, consultissimus vir, ut in illa quisquam esse aetate poterat, omnis divini atque humani iuris. Auctorem doctrinae eius, quia non 2 exstat alius, falso Samium Pythagoram edunt, quem Servio Tullio regnante Romae centum amplius post annos in ultima Italiae ora circa Metapontum Heracleamque et Crotonam iuvenum aemulantium studia coetus habuisse constat. Ex quibus locis, etsi eiusdem wealth of Massachusetts," at the end of a proclamation. II. victi beneficio, surpassed in courtesy.sciscerent: another technical term for deliberative action where there is full power.- qui: often found instead of the regular quis. ELECTION AND INAUGURATION OF 18. inclita, etc.: notice the order, which gives a rhetorical effect like famous for justice and piety ... was the name of Numa; (he did not live at Rome, but) Cures of the Sabines was his dwelling-place, etc. Numae: probably a later invented surname, connected with vóuos, numerus, etc. - Pompili: a form in the Sabine dialect, equivalent_to Quinctilius (cf. πέντε, πέμπε). The whole name may be invented; but one part is a natural Sabine name, the other a nickname. - Sabinis: the Sabines were famous in later times for their conservative, religious and moral whence the mention of the nation character, here. ut, so far as, a common use of ut, though the opposite mean- 3. ex quibus, etc. : the four points are: I. That he lived more than a hundred years after; 2. That aetatis fuisset, quae fama in Sabinos, aut quo linguae commercio quemquam ad cupiditatem discendi excivisset, quove praesidio unus per tot gentes dissonas sermone 4 moribusque pervenisset? Suopte igitur ingenio temperatum animum virtutibus fuisse opinor magis, instructumque non tam peregrinis artibus quam disciplina taetrica ac tristi veterum Sabinorum, quo genere nullum quondam incorruptius fuit. 5 Audito nomine Numae patres Romani, quamquam inclinari opes ad Sabinos rege inde sumpto videbantur, tamen neque se quisquam nec factionis suae alium nec denique patrum aut civium quemquam praeferre illi viro ausi, ad unum omnes Numae Pompilio regnum deferen6 dum decernunt. Accitus, sicut Romulus augurato urbe condenda regnum adeptus est, de se quoque deos consuli iussit. Inde ab augure, cui deinde honoris ergo publi the ascetic Sabines. - genere, race. 5. audito: the beginning of the chapter implies that his name was mentioned in connection with the throne as a man eminent in the necessary qualifications.-patres: Livy thinks of them as only Romans. inclinari: almost equal to a future; but the meaning of the verb allows the present to be used with rege sumpto as a future protasis. See Gr. 292.—inde: i.e. from the Sabines; see Gr. 207 a.- patrum aut civium: here opposed as nobles and illi viro, this great man.- - ad unum, unanimously. — decernunt: Livy represents the senate as choosing the king; other writers make the people elect him. Cf. Cic. Rep. II. 13. 25. commons. augurato: 6. sicut, just as.— see Gr. 255 c. urbe condenda, at the building of the city; a loose use of the ablative of manner. See Gr. 301 and examples. — cui de |