172. silvis, the ancient palace being apparently in a sacred grove. — religione, i.e. from the long time that it had been held in reverence by former generations.

173. attollere, take up for the first time, to be borne before the new king. fasces, the Roman ensigns of authority, which are here assigned to Latinus as an old Latin institution.

174. omen, auspicious custom, one without which the new reign could not be fortunate. - erat: notice the short a (originally long), retained long before the cæsura; see § 375, 5; G. 715; H. 608, v. — - curia: the meeting-place of the senate at Rome was often a temple, perhaps always a consecrated spot. — templum: the palace appears to have been in a sacred spot, and, no doubt, had a temple connected with it.

175. epulis: there were many feasts of a religious character among the Romans, of which priests or members of guilds partook on solemn occasions. Of this one the senators are supposed to be the partakers in the same manner. — ariete, referring to some peculiar ceremony of the Latins, of which we know nothing. Virgil seems to have in his mind, in the whole description, the ancient customs of some Italian city, of which the traces are now lost, except where they agree with those of Rome.

176. perpetuis, long tables together, as opposed to the ordinary triclinium. considere, according to the earlier habit of sitting at meals.

177. effigies, according to the custom of the Greeks and Romans of putting statues between the columns of the porticos in temples and the like. The whole of the temple of Zeus at Olympia retains on the pavement the marks of statues, of various shapes and sizes, between the columns. ex ordine, in a series according to their age.

178. cedro: many statues of wood are mentioned, coming down from a high antiquity, before the use of stone for the purpose. Notice the hiatus. Cf. Ecl. ii. 24.—Italus, a name of a king of Enotria, from whom the name Italia was supposed to be derived, but really manufactured from the name of the country. He belongs in the south-eastern part of

Fig. 124.

the peninsula, but may be supposed to be connected with the Latins by

marriage. Sabinus, the eponymous founder of the Sabines, probably a manufactured name like the preceding. He seems to have been represented with the pruning-hook, like Silvanus, to symbolize his functions as god of vine-culture; cf. vitisator in next verse. A representation of Silvanus, who approaches him very nearly, is given in Fig. 124.

179. servans, retaining in his statue the implement that he used as cultivator of the vine. - sub imagine, perhaps on the pedestal, but possibly hanging in his hand, for which sub might be used. — Iani, selected perhaps as an ancient and peculiarly Latin divinity, having no Greek representative.

181. vestibulo: we must imagine an open space before the house, with a portico containing these statues. See Fig. 71, p. 140, notes to ii. 483, where the little space at the left of 1 is the vestibulum, — narrowed down, however, to a mere entrance. In great houses, it seems to have been a large space occupying the same position. -reges, early kings, honored for patriotism, but not deified like the preceding.

183. postibus: the custom of hanging trophies on the doorposts of temples is well known.

184. curvae, such as appear in the hands of Amazons; see Fig. 55, p. 101 (i. 490).

185. portarum, of cities captured.

186. spiculaque: for quantity of e, see note, Ecl. iv. 51.

187. ipse: the statue of Picus was represented sitting, and in full regalia as king and augur. He is thus distinguished both as the first king in Latium proper, and as founder of the palace; but Virgil seems to have in mind the insignia of Quirinus as worshipped at Rome in later times. — Quirinali, such as Quirinus is represented with. - litus, depending grammatically on succinctus, which is, however, only appropriate to trabea, next to it,- -a so-called zeugma. The instrument is the staff, curved at the end, used only by the augurs. -parva, short, as compared with other outer garments.

188. trabea, an outer robe of red and white stripes, worn over the shoulders by the early kings, and by the knights on festive occasions, as well as by augurs. — ancile, the peculiar shield carried by the Salii, put here apparently only as an ancient form of arms.

189. equum domitor, the Homeric inπódaμos, an ornamental epithet, perhaps, to give an antique flavor to the whole. — coniunx, enamored (cf. Ecl. viii. 18), but, according to one story, she was actually his wife. 190. aurea, dissyllable.

191. avem, a magpie.

192. tali, etc., resuming the narrative from v. 168. — intus, only an adverb, defining more exactly the ablative of place, templo.

193. sede, the same as solio, v. 169.

194. placido, apparently under divine direction. — prior, before they had made known their errand.

195. neque enim, i.e. "I address you by name for," &c.

197. cuius egentis, in want of what, agreeing with satus. 200. multa, oftentimes, changing it to an adverb.

203. Saturni: see notes to Ecl. iv.; also cf. Geo. i. 125. haud vinclo, etc., i.e. need no restraint to make them do justice, so that they need not be feared even by helpless strangers.

206. Auruncos, a small tribe near the borders of Campania, mentioned here as aborigines or most ancient inhabitants. — his, in fact from Etruria; see v. 209. — ut, how.

207. Dardanus, cf. iii. 167.

209. hinc, i.e. from Italy. - Corythi, cf. iii. 170 and note.

211. auget: Dardanus may be taken as subject, though he appears as object before, such changes being not uncommon in poetry.

212. Ilioneus, as eldest; cf. i. 521.

215. sidus litusve, the two guides in navigation. — regione, direction, as in Lucretius, from whom the phrase is taken.

216. consilio, as opposed to the accidents before mentioned.

217. quae maxima, the greatest which, as this, the regular construction in Latin, is generally to be rendered in English.

218. Olympo, the sky; cf. Ecl. v. 56.

219. Iove: see table, page 65 of notes.

222. Mycenis, as the city of Agamemnon.

225. tellus, etc., the far islands of the north and west, cut off by the ocean. — refuso, surrounding, flowing forth.

226. plagarum, the zones as conceived by us, the fifth being in the middle.

227. quattuor, i.e. excluding the torrid (in medio).—iniqui, oppressive.

228. diluvio, destroying flood, cataclysm.

230. innocuum, in peace; strictly, that can do no harm. - cunctis, etc., a proverbial idea.

231. indecores, a disgrace, by any unworthy acts, i.e. we shall make good citizens.

234. potentem: equally trustworthy in both relations, peace and war, as any one knows who has tried it.

235. fide, which the right hand pledges. - bello, which the right hand wages.

236. ne temne, etc., i.e. that you may not scorn us because we offer

friendship, let me say that many have asked the same thing of us, but we were under divine direction and could not comply.

237. precantia, trisyllable.

241. repetit, call back, in allusion to the supposed origin of the race. 246. gestamen, regalia. — iura daret, dispense justice, cf. i. 293. — vocatis, i.e. in council.

247. populis, i.e. the chiefs, as in Homer.

248. vestes, the royal robes, like the trabea of Picus above mentioned.

249. dictis, ablative of cause.

251. intentos, straining.

253. moratur, dwells on.

256. paribus auspiciis, on equal terms (cf. iv. 102), by marrying the princess.

260. augurium, the oracle of Faunus before mentioned.

262. uber agri, cf. i. 531.

263. cupido = affection.

266. pars, a beginning, and so an earnest, of peace.

267. contra, in turn.

273. opto, adopt; accept him as fulfilling the oracle.

281. semine, i.e. the horses of the Sun.

283. supposita de matre, uniting a mortal mother. bred.

284. donis, ablative of accompaniment, without cum (cf. Ecl. x. 24), or it may be taken as an extension of the ablative of manner.

286 et seq. Here begins a new effort of Juno to prevent the threatened settlement of Æneas. - Inachiis, so called from Inachus, an ancient king of the place. — Argis, where Juno was especially worshipped; cf. note to i. 24. —referebat, perhaps to Carthage.

289. Pachyno, see iii. 429.

290. moliri, cf. v. 158.

293. fatis: as a divinity her will is fate, unless overruled by a superior power; hence, the destiny of Æneas ordered by Jove might be contrary to that of Juno.

297. credo, ironical, as usual when in parenthesis. The thought is, "perhaps it is because I have become tired of pursuing them; on the contrary, I have exhausted every power," &c.

298. odiis, with exsaturata.

299. infesta, with hostile purpose.

304. pelagi, cf. i. 350.

305. Lapithum, a race of Thessaly, whose king, Pirithous, according

to one account, omitting to sacrifice to Mars, brought upon the race the vengeance of the god in the form of the famous battle of the Centaurs and Lapitha.

306. Calydona: a similar indiscretion of the king of Calydon, a city of Ætolia, brought upon it the ravages of the Calydonian boar through the wrath of Diana.

307. scelus, object of merentem; cf. ii. 229.- Lapithas (the better reading), in a kind of apposition with gentem, as if governed by a new concessit. merentem, by what great crime deserving such punishment? scelus being put for scelere poenam.

308. ast ego, etc., cf. i. 46.

309. potui, could bear, have been impelled to do everything by my overpowering enmity. — verti, have resorted to.

311. dubitem, deliberative subjunctive; “I ought not to hesitate, I am sure."

312. flectere superos, i.e. so as to change the Fates. 313. prohibere, i.e. Æneas.

317. mercede suorum, price of their subjects' blood.

319. pronuba, cf. iv. 166 and note. Here Bellona takes the place, as a sign that the union will be the cause of war.

320. Cisseis: according to one story, Hecuba, who is here meant, was daughter of Cisseus, a king of Thrace. —praegnans: Hecuba, having dreamed that she was pregnant with a firebrand, brought forth Paris, who proved the ruin of Troy by his marriage with Helen; hence, iugalis. The same fate is here foretold of Venus, through her son Æneas.

328. tot, i.e. so many that she is hated, as before mentioned. 329. colubris, in her hair, as the Furies were commonly conceived. 331. proprium, to me alone.

332. cedat loco, lose its prestige, a military term.

336. verbera, blows, as a sign of fighting.

337. faces, as a sign of murder.

338. concute, search. As the ancient garb was loose and had no pockets, the method of searching was to shake the garments, hence the word comes to mean search generally.

339. crimina belli, charges, the ground of war.

341. Gorgoneis, simply of the serpents in her hair, such as Medusa the Gorgon also bore.

343. tacitum, quiet, retired, the place where she had retired to meditate; cf. next verse.

345. coquebant, suffered fiery torments from, &c., changing the voice. 348. quo monstro, that by this, &c., depending on furibunda as