When Unions Merge

administration AFSCME agreement Air Traffic Controllers analysis Association award bargaining laws bargaining outcomes bargaining process bargaining rights bargaining units budget city's Civil Service coalition bargaining collective bargaining committee contract costs CSEA David Lewin decision dependent variable determine dispute District economic equation example fact-finding federal employees final offer firefighters fiscal grievance groups impasse procedures increase Industrial and Labor Industrial Relations interest arbitration issues Kochan labor power Labor Relations Review legislative mediation ment monopsony multilateral bargaining municipal narcotic effect negotiations nonwage parties PATCO PERB percent personnel Peter Feuille police unionism political position private sector productivity bargaining public employee unions Public Employment public sector bargaining public sector labor public sector unions Raymond D response salary sanitation service sector labor relations settlement statute suggest supervisors Taylor Law teacher bargaining technological change tion variables wage impact workers York City