ing violence at each other. They have, on these occasions, neither deserters nor stragglers; for in times of danger they never forsake each other. They run along the plains, and even leap from tree to tree, with a surprising rapidity.

The instincts and sagacity of these animals are, in many instances, such as not to be injured or diminished even by captivity. In some houses we see the wanderu [Simia Silenus of Linnæus,] a cunning and audacious monkey, much inclined to ridicule and grimace. He may be taught to dress and undress himself, to spin, to poke the fire, to push a wheelbarrow, or play on the tambourine. He will wash earthen vessels or glasses without breaking them, and carry light burthens from place to place, whenever he is ordered to do so. A monkey of this species has been observed to turn a spit with one hand, whilst with the other he held a piece of bread under the meat to receive the gravy. It is perhaps needless to remark, that he inmediately afterwards devoured it.

A wanderu was exhibited at Bourdeaux, iu the year 1762, which by his actions excited much astonishment in the spectators. When mounted on an extended cord, he first stretched out each of his feet to have them chalked; then, taking in his hand a pole weighted at each end (similar to the balance employed by rope-dancers) he walked backward and forward, eut capers, and executed numerous other tricks, with infinitely greater ease and celerity than the most expert rope-dancer that had before been seen.

The monkies, however, that are trained and educated by some of the Indian buffoons, are reported to be by far the most agile and adroit of all animals that are reared in captivity.

Some of the apes, such as the oran otans, the patas, and the dog-faced apes, are said always to place a centinel on the top of a tree, or on some other elevated situation, to keep watch when the rest are either about to sleep or to engage in any marauding expedition. The motions or the cry of this animal are a signal of danger, and immediately the whole troop scampers off with the utmost rapidity. It has been asserted, but few persons will be inclined to credit the assertion, that

the centinels are often punished with death for neglecting their duty.

The Europeans at the Cape of Good Hope sometimes catch young apes by stratagem, or by previously killing their dam, and bring them up with care for the purpose of rendering them afterwards serviceable. When they have attained their growth, they are taught to guard the house of their owner, during the night, and on all occasions of his absence. This they do with great fidelity; but as they increase in age, their mischievous propensities develope themselves, and they oftentimes become extremely ill-tempered and ferocious. These apes, which are of the ursine species, are so much inclined to imitation, that they seldom see any thing done without attempting to do the same. Some of them are very stubborn and perverse; but many are readily susceptible of education, learning, without difficulty, almost every thing that is taught

Condamine and Bouger saw, in Peru, some domesticated monkies of the large size, which had been admitted into the apartments of the academicians, during the time they were employed in making observations in the mountains. These animals greatly excited the astonishment of the academicians, by afterwards, of their own accord, going through a series of imitations. They planted the signals, ran to the pendulum, and then immediately to the table, as if for the purpose of committing to paper the observations they had made. They occasionally pointed the telescopes towards the heavens, as if to view the planets or stars, and performed numerous other feats of a similar nature.

The whimsical occurrence which took place before the troops of Alexander the Great, is too singular and too amusing to be passed over in silence. The soldiers under command of this monarch always marched in order of battle. They happened one night to encamp on a mountain that was inhabited by a numerous tribe of monkies. On the following morning, they saw at a distance what appeared to be an immense body of troops approaching them, as if with the intention of coming to an engagement. The commanders, as well as the soldiers, were in the utmost astonishment.

Having entirely subdued the prince of the country, they could not conceive from whence this new force could have come; they had not previously been informed of any thing of the kind. The alarm was immediately given, and in a short time the whole Macedonian army was drawn up in battle array, to combat with this unexpected enemy. The prince of the country, who was a prisoner in the camp, was interrogated respecting it. He was surprised to be informed of such force in the neighbourhood, and requested permission to behold it himself. He smiled at the mistake; and the Macedonians were not a little chagrined, that they should have been such fools as to take a troop of these imitative animals for a band of armed men.

All the apes and monkies are reported to entertain a natural aversion and antipathy to the crocodile. It is said that some of them will even faint at seeing or smelling the skin of these frightful reptiles.

The animals of that subdivision of the tribe denominated sapajous, have long tails, which they can coil up, and employ (in some respects, but particularly in descending trees,) as a hand. By means of their tails, they are also able to swing themselves backward and forward amongst the branches of trees.

Monkies are seldom known to produce young ones, except in hot climates. The Barbary apes, however, (Simia inuus of Linnæus), which are found wild at Gibraltar, bring young ones in great abundance amongst the inaccessible precipices of the rock.-A female of this species has also been known to produce offspring in a state of captivity, at one of the hotels in Paris. A striated monkey (Šimia jacchus) brought forth young ones in the house of a merchant at Lisbon, and another in that of a lady at Paris.

Female monkies generally carry their young ones nearly in the same manner as negresses do their children. The little animals cling to the back of their dam by their hind feet, and embrace the neck with their paws. When the females suckle them, it is said, that they hold them in their arms, and present the teat as a woman would to a child.

Monkies usually live in much more extensive troops than apes. The troops of patas, or red monkies of

Senegal, are reported to amount sometimes to as many as three or four thousand. Some naturalists believe that they form a sort of republic, in which a great degree of subordination is kept up; that they always travel in good order, conducted by chiefs, the strongest and most experienced animals of their troop; and that on these occasions, some of the largest monkies are likewise placed in the rear, the sound of whose voice immediately silences that of any of the others that happen to be too noisy. The orderly and expert retreat of these creatures from danger, is an amusing sight to Europeans, unaccustomed to the native manners of such animals. The negroes believe them to be a vagabond race of men, who are too indolent to construct habitations to live in, or to cultivate the ground for subsistence. They sometimes commit dreadful havock in the fields and gardens of persons who inhabit the countries where they abound."

The different species of monkies are seldom known to intermix and associate together, but each tribe generally inhabits a different quarter. The negroes who have not been taught the use of fire arms, are said to kill them by shooting them in the face with arrows. But it often happens, when the sapajous are shot, that, in the act of falling from the tree, they seize hold of a branch with their tail, and, dying in that situation, continue suspended even for a long time after death. When a monkey of some of the larger species is wounded, the rest will frequently collect together, and with great fury pursue the hunters to their huts or lodgments.

In the year 1767, the inhabitants of St. Germain-en Laie, near Paris, were witnesses to a monkey's catching the small pox, by playing with children who were infected, and the animal bore the marks of it for a considerable time afterwards. A circumstance nearly similar was observed also at Paris. M. Paulet, a medical man of some eminence, was called upon, in 1770, to attend a person who had the measles. As the disease was contagious, he requested that every precaution might be taken to prevent it from spreading; and particularly that a monkey, accustomed to play with the children of the house, should on no account have any

communication with the invalid. The request was made too late. One of the sick person's sisters, and at the same time also the monkey, who had been accustomed to sleep at the foot of her bed, was attacked by the disease. The monkey, in consequence, was treated in the same manner as a human subject. M. Paulet, on examining the state of the animal's pulse, found it so quick that it was scarcely possible to count the pulsations. In the axillary artery, these were much more sensible than in any other; and he declared that, as nearly as he could count them. they were about five hundred in a minute. We ought to remark, that this monkey was of very low stature, and that, in all animals, the shorter they are the quicker is their pulse. These facts, which are well authenticated, sufficiently prove (independently of others) that the small-pox and measles are not diseases entirely confined to the human species; but that animals, as well as men, are liable to receive the infection from them. Numerous instances have occurred of the small-pox being communicated to and from animals. Those from cattle are now well known, A shepherd infected with the small-pox has been known to communicate the disease to his sheep, and these sheep to those of another flock. A horse has been observed to be covered with the pustules of the small-pox. Goats are sometimes attacked by it, and, when this is the case, great numbers generally perish. (See Roder, à Castro, lib. 4. de Meteor. Microc. cap. 6.) This dreadful contagion is likewise frequently known to extend to the flocks of rein deer in Lapland.

Such is a summary of the principal observations that have been transmitted to us by different travellers, respecting the manners and habits of life of the animals which constitute this interesting tribe; and, from what has been said, it appears that they have a nearer alliance than any other quadruped (in the general 'conformation of their bodies) to the human race. They, consequently, have the art of imitating human actions better than any others, since they are able to use their fore feet as hands. From the general organization of the monkies, they are likewise capable of an education nearer allied to that of man, than any other animal.