Page

15 in an open, clear field, where there are no obstacles. 33. Bello, quo, ablat. of time when. 34. Post may be rendered during. 35. Maxume. See note on line 13, p. 14. 36. Cui fuit = who had: cui being dat. of the possessor. 37. Africano. What threefold construction is admissible here? A. & S. 2 204, Rem. 8 (a); H. 387, 1 and 2; B. 632; A. 51, VI. 38. Rei militaris, of war. 1-17. Magnum atque late valuit was powerful and extensive. The use of the predicate adj. and adverb together, though not common, is sanctioned by good authority (Virgil and Cicero). 2. Manu, lit. with his hand by force, by hard fighting. 3. Regi, i. e. Masinissa. Dono, dat. of the end or purpose. 4. Order: sed finis

16

=

=

ejus imperi vitaeque fuit idem; i. e. his sway over his augmented dominions ended only with his life, and the kingdom of Micipsa probably did not include the grants made by the Romans. 10. Privatum, as a private person, without a share in the kingdom. Cultu, training. 11. Habuit, he kept. 12. Qui, he: the relative at the beginning of a sentence is generally best rendered as a personal pronoun. A. & S. 2 206, (17); H. 453; B. 701; A. 48, IV. Ubi primum, as soon as. Viribus, abl. of specification — denoting in what respect. 13. Facie. A. & S. 2 211, Rem. 6; H. 428; B. 888; A. 54, I. Multo, by far: adverbial ablat. Maxume with validus forms a superlative. A. & S. ? 127, 1; H. 170; B. 227; A. 17, I. 14. Luxu, old form of the dat. 15. Equitare, jaculari, he rode on horseback, he threw the javelin: these are historical infinitives = equitabat, jaculabat, and express repeated actions. A. & S. 2 209 and Note 7; H. 545, 1; B. 1137; A. 49, III. 16. Cum, although, introducing a concession; hence followed by anteiret, excelled, subjunct. of concession. A. & S. 2 263, 5, and Rem. 1 (a); H. 515, I.; B. 1282; A. 61, 2. Gloria, in renown; ablat. 17. Ad hoc, besides this, in addition to this. Pleraque tempora agere, he spent most of his time.

19-38. In primis here is among the first. 20. Quibus rebus, on account of these things; rebus being ablat. of cause after laetus. 21. Existumans for existimans; an instance of Sallust's fondness for the older forms of the language. Regno, gloriae. A. & S. ? 227; H. 390, I.; B. 848; A. 51, VII. 23. Exacta— liberis, his own age being well advanced, and his children small (= young): ablat. absolute. 24. Crescere, in the sense of to become great, popular. Negotio, fact, circumstance. 25. Multa volvebat he pondered much; cum, in. In animo would imply a fixed intention. M. 26. Avida imperi, eager for power. A. & S. § 213; H. 399; B. 765; A. 50, III. 2. Praeceps, hurrying on. 27. Explendam, gratifying. What

1

Page

is the principle governing the construction of the gerundive? 16 A. & S. 2 275, II., and Rem. 2; H. 562; B. 1322; A. 25. Opportunitas, the favorableness. 29. Transvorsos (=transversos), astray. Studia accensa, the kindled ardor. 30. In, for. Ex quibus (i. e. studiis, in consequence of which. 31. Interfecisset, he should kill; subjunctive by the principle of oratio obliqua: Micipsa thought, si interfecero. For the tense, see A. & S. 2 266, 2, Rem. 4; H. 533, 4. Ne qua nequa, lest any. 33. Circumventus, beset, embarrassed. 35. Popularibus, to his countrymen. Manu promptus, prompt with the hand (as a symbol of energy, but used here with special reference to valor in battle). 38. Bello Numantino. Numantia was taken and destroyed by Scipio the younger after a siege of fifteen months. Cum, when.

=

=

1-19. Saevitia, by the fierceness: by the fierce valor. 2. Eum 17 occasurum (esse), that he would fall in battle. Numidis. A. & S. 224; H. 386; B. 826; A. 51, V. 5. Acri ingenio, (of) acute mind. 6. Romanis, dat. limiting imperator erat imperabat. 8. Obviam eundo = by going to encounter. Periculis, dat. limiting obviam. A. & S. ? 228, 1; H. 392, I.; B. 870; A. 51, I. 9. Brevi, sc. tempore, in a short time. 10. Nostris, sc. militibus; dat. limiting carus. Numantinis, dat. of the object (or person); terrori, dat. of the end, after esset. A. & S. ¿ 227; H. 390, I.; B. 848; A. 51, VII. 11. Esset, he was (not, might be); subjunct. of result after ut. A. & S. 2 262; H. 489; B. 1218; A. 65, I. Sane, indeed. In primis (among the first things) = particularly. 12. Proelio, ablat. of specification. A. & S. ? 250, 1; H. 429; B. 889; A. 54, I. 13. Quorum alter, one of which. A. & S. ? 212; H. 396, III.; B. 771; A. 50, II. 14. Adferre, to generate. Plerumque, for the most part, generally. 15. Asperas, difficult. 16. Agere, performed (did), historical infinitive, agebat. So also habere (he regarded him), and amplecti (he honored, loved). In dies (= indies), from day to day. 17. Quippe erat, because neither any plan nor any undertaking of his was unsuccessful. Observe (1) that cujus must be rendered as a personal pronoun, (2) that ullum belongs both to. consilium and inceptum, and (3) that this being a relative clause expressing a reason (strengthened also by quippe), the verb erat would, in the best Latin prose, be esset, subjunct. of reason. A. & S. ? 264, 8, (1) and (2); H. 519, and 3, 1); B. 1251 and 1253; A. 63, II. 18. Huc accedebat, to this there was added. Munificentia, generosity. 19. Ingeni, of intellect. Quibus rebus by, means of which.

=

=

22-39. Novi atque nobiles, self-made and ennobled men, comes,

Page

17 perhaps, as near a literal rendering of these words as their peculiar meaning admits of; but see note on imagines, line 4, p. 15, and on homines novi, line 13, p. 15. Bono honestoque = than the good and honorable goodness and honor; the abstract for the concrete. 23. Domi, i. e. in Rome. 25. Pollicitando. Notice the force of the frequentative. 26. Si Micipsa - venalia esse. These words are in oratio obliqua, the word of saying is implied in pollicitando. See references, line 5, p. 15. Occidisset, should die; in oratio recta (si Micipsa rex) occiderit, fut. perf. See references, line 31, p. 16. Fore, it would come to pass: used impersonally. Imperio. A. & S. ? 245, I. ; H. 419, I.; B. 880; A. 54, III. 28. Romae. A. & S. 2 221, 1; H. 421, II.; B. 932; A. 55, III. 3. Numantia, ablat. absolute. 29. Revorti, the older spelling, for reverti. 31. Pro concione, before an assembly. Praetorium was the name of the general's tent in the camp, and was so called because the name of the chief Roman magistrate was originally praetor, and not consul. The officers who attended on the general in the Praetorium and formed his council of war, were called by the same name. Dict. Antiqq. 33. Quibus, on (to) any: indef. pron. 34. A, from. Emi. Supply id as its subject accus., and translate, that that (which belonged to many) would be purchased, etc. Multorum, possessive predicate gen. A. & S. ? 211, Rem. 8, (3); H. 402, I.; B. 780; A. 50, I. 1. 35. Artibus, practices (then assumed to be good). 36. Venturum (esse), would come; observe that the participle agrees only with the nearest subject. 37. Suamet pecunia, by means of his money itself. Casurum (esse). 38. Litteris, a letter. Quas redderet=ut eas redderet, which he was to deliver: hence the subjunct. of purpose. A. & S. 2 264, 5; H. 500; B. 1205–7; A. 64, I. 39. Sententia, the purport. 18 1-19. Notice that the letter (from Jugurthae to Masinissa) is

=

given in oratio recta. 2. Quam rem, a circumstance which. 3. Idem senatui, the same (i. e. dear) to the senate. A. & S. 2 222, Rem. 7; H. 391, 3; B. 869; A. 51, I. 4. Summa ope with all our power. 5. Pro considering, in consideration of. Te, avo. A. & S. 2 244; H. 419, IV.; B. 919; A. 54, IV. 7. Ea, that those things; subject accus. of esse. Fama acceperat, he had heard from rumor. 8. Cum -gratia, both by the worth and the popularity: Cum tum both —and, or, not only — but also, tum generally serving to introduce a more important consideration. A. & S. ? 277, Rem. 9; H. 587, I. 5; B. 1374; A. 43, 8. 9. Flexit, he altered, changed (i. e. he did not now endeavor to expose Jugurtha to dangers). 10. Vincere est, he endeavored to win over. 13. Confectus, enfeebled. Cum,

=

Page

when, has a causal force; hence intelligeret, subjunct. of cause. 18 14. Coram, in the presence of. 17. Parvum ego, etc. This address is also given in oratio recta. 18. Existumans, the older spelling. 19. Liberis, sc. meis: dat. limiting carum. Si genuissem (from gigno), if I should beget any: subjunct. by the principle of oratio obliqua; Micipsa's original thought was, si genuero (fut. perf.). A. & S. 2 266, 2; H. 533, 4.

20-39. Ob beneficia, on account of my kindness. Falsum— habuit has (that circumstance) deceived me. Habeo here has the force of an auxiliary verb with the perf. part. falsum = fefellit. See A. & S. 2 274, Rem. 4; B. 1358. 21. Ut omittam = to omit, to say nothing of. Egregia tua, noble deeds of yours. 22. Novissume, lately, recently. Numantia. A. & S. 2 255, 1; H. 421, I. and II.; B. 941; A. 55, III. 1. Que-que. These conjunctions rarely occur thus in prose, and only to connect single words, the first of which is a pronoun. Madvig, ? 435, Obs. 1. 23. Virtute, energy. 24. Ex from being. 25. Nomen familiae, the renown of our family. 27. Mihi, though a dative of disadvantage, is best rendered my. 28. Per regni fidem, by the pledge of royalty" by your kingly word." M. 29. Genere, by birth: ablat. of specification (denoting in what respect). 30. Fratres sunt, (who) are your brothers. Neu malis, and that you may not be more willing. Neu is used as a continuative after ut and ne, and has the force of et ne after a preceding ut. See A. & S. 2 262, Note 4. 31. Alienos, strangers. Sanguine conjunctos, those allied to you by blood, 32. Praesidia, the safeguards. 33. Cogere, procure. 34. Queas, you can subjunct. of modest or cautious statement (to soften an assertion). A. & S. 2 260, II., Rem. 4; H. 485 and 486, I.; B. 1177-8; A. 60, 2. Officio et fide, by kind offices and fidelity. Quis, 8c. est (is, i. e. by nature). 35. Frater fratri. This is the arrangement when words are repeated, and one is opposed to, or distinguished from, the other. A. & S. 2 279, 4; H. 596; B. 1396. Quem, what. 36. Tuis, sc. cognatis, to your own relations? dat. of disadvantage, limiting the expression hostis fueris. 39. Dilabuntur, dwindle away, melt away.

1-19. Ante, more than. Prior, superior (to them); or, the supe- 19

rior.

2. Aliter, otherwise, i. e. than the tenor of my advice, which has been for concord and united strength. Ne quid eveniat, that nothing may happen. 3. Qui, he who. Opulentior, the more powerful. Accipit he suffers. 4. Facere, sc. injuriam; because sympathy marshals itself on the side of the weak. 5. Observate, be attentive to, respect. 6. Talem hunc virum, this man, so excellent. 10 Sal.

=

Page

=

=

19 7. Ne ego videar, that I may not appear. Ego. Its use indicates emphasis, i. e. strive, for my sake. Sumpsisse to have adopted. 9. Ad in reply to. Regem locutum (esse), that the king had spoken. Why translate regem, that the king? Because it is subject accus. of locutum esse, depending on the word of perceiving intelligebat. Why must esse be supplied? Because it is necessary to complete the verbal form. Why translate had spoken, and not has spoken? Because locutum esse is past with reference to intelligebat, which is itself past, i. e. locutum esse is in effect pluperfect. A. & S. 268, 2; H. 540; B. 1126; A. 57, IV. Ficta, lit. feigned things insincerely. 10. Longe aliter, far otherwise, i. e. than benigne (line 11). Animo agitabat, he was devising (deliberating) in his mind. 11. Pro tempore, befitting the occasion. 12. Post, afterward: an adv. Sallust everywhere else either uses post as a prep. with the accus. or the ablat. alone. R. J. 13. Justa, his funeral rites. Funera may be supplied, and is sometimes expressed: justa then full, due, complete. Fecerant. The subjunctive (fecissent) might have been used with a scarcely perceptible difference of meaning. In unum, sc. locum, into one place= together. 15. Minimus, sc. natu, the youngest. Ex illis, of them, instead of the partitive gen. A. & S. 212, Rem. 2, Note 4; H. 398, 4; B. 775; A. 50, II. 4. 16. Jam antea, even before. 17. Materno genere = =on his mother's side, lit. in respect to his mother's birth. Dextra, on the right hand of; supply manu, which is governed by a understood. The tendency of colloquial language, in oft-recurring phrases, is to abbreviate. 18. Adherbălem, governed by ad in composition. Honori, an honor, i. e. the place of honor: dat. of the end. A. & S. 3 227, Rem. 2; H. 390, II. 2; B. 853; A. 51, VII.

20-38. Order: tamen fatigatus (being importuned) a fratre ut concederet aetati (i. e. to seniority). 21. Partem, side. Cum, while. Multa, much, lit. many things. 23. Jacit, throws out (the remark). Oportere rescindi ought to be rescinded (repealed); but observe that consulta and decreta are subjects accus. of rescindi, following the impersonal oportere. 24. Confectum, enfeebled. 25. Parum-valuisse, had not been sufficiently strong in mind. 26. Idem, that the same thing; subject accus. of placere. Ipsum illum, that he (Jugurtha) himself. 28. Quod verbum, that expression. 29. Descendit, sunk. 30. Anxius, disquieted. Moliri, parare, he plotted, he contrived: historical infinitives. 31. Cum, in. Quibus caperetur ut eis caperetur. A. & S. 2 264, 1, (a); H. 500; B. 1218-20; A. 65, I. 32. Quae these things. Tardius,

=