rum

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5-39. Situm (est.) Syrtes. See note on line 23, p. 27. "Sallust 66 derives their name, in accordance with the ideas of the Greek geographers, from the verb cúpe (surein), to drag, from stones, etc. dragged along the bottom by the force of the waves." M. 8. Quo- terrae, the parts of which nearest to the land. 9. Alia tempestate, at one time, at another time. 14. Modo, only. 15. Cultus, of their mode of life. Eo, for this reason, on this account. 17. Frequentem=populous, the thickly settled part of. 22. Rem nos. A. & S. 2 218, Rem. 1. 23. Africa, sc. in. Most of the MSS. read pleraeque Africae. 25. Una specie, of a uniform appearance. 27. Inter se, with one another. 29. Alteri alterosone another: lit. the one party—the other party, reciprocally. 33. Inter-fuissent they should meet one another. 35. Philaenis. What other constructions might be employed here? A. & S. 2 204, Rem. 8, (a); H. 387, 1 and 2; B. 631 and 632. 37. Iere=iverunt, ivere. 39. Retinere, to detain, delay.

1-38. Nuda gignentium, lit. bare of things that grow: bare 67 of vegetation. A. & S. 213, and Rem. 5, (4); H. 399, and 2, 2); B. 776, and 777, d; A. 50, III. 2. Plenus is more commonly followed by the ablat. 4. Morari, sc. solet (it is wont). Aliquanto, though usually regarded as an adv. in the lexicon, is properly ablat. of degree of difference. A. & S. ? 256, Rem. 16, and (2); H. 418; B. 929, and 930; A. 54, V. 5. Rem corruptam ruining the business, the perf. part. again instead of a verbal noun. 6. Carthaginienses is the subject of conturbare; digressos is a participle. 10. Graeci. Cyrene was a Greek colony. 11. Fines, boundaries. 17. Ad rem, to the subject. 23. In unum, sc. locum

=

together. Ordines habere, to keep their ranks. 25. Proxumos the intimate friends, who might also be relatives. 26. Ad — sui, to his interest. 27. Quisquibus. 29. Ea gratia, on this account, for this reason. 32. Bello, dat. Quisquibus. 34. Jugurthae, dat. of advantage, because the bride is said nubere, to veil herself for the bridegroom, to marry him. 36. Singuli quisque habent =they have, each. 37. Denas, ten apiece. 38. Eo amplius (8c. quo majores sunt iis opes): more than that.

6–39. Quam, as, rel. pron. 7. Quis quibus. 8. Sese, sc. esse; 68 Carthaginienses, sc. fuisse. 13. Capta urbe supplies the protăsis or condition, "if the city should be taken." 15. Id modo, only this. refers to the following statement. 16 Pacem, his chance of making a desirable peace. 20. Copiam facit, he does (not) offer the opportunity. 23. Ex commodo at an advantage, on advantageous terms. 27. Bonum what was valiant, aut honestum, or

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68 honorable. 28. In — artibus, in regard to other qualities. 29. Quam rem this, i. e. the conduct of Metellus. 30. Vortebant (= vertebant), attributed. Alii bonum, sc. dicebant, implied in vortebant. 34. Laturum fuisse, would have borne it (would have felt): corresponding to the plup. subjunctive in the principal clause of a conditional sentence (apodosis) in the oratio recta. A. & S. 2268, 2, Rem. 5, (a); H. 533, 2, 2); B. 1303 in fin.; A. 67, I. 2 in fin. 35. Alii quam, to another than. 36. Stultitiae, the part of folly: possessive predicate gen. 37. Alienam, another's. 39. Copiam, opportunity.

69

70

who had

2-39. Opibus, ablat. of cause. 3. Debere, sc. eum. 5. Ejus, of it, of war. 6. Order: licere cuivis (= any one may) etiam ignavo incipere, (sed id) deponi, etc. 7. Consuleret stands for an imperative (consule) or a subjunct. (consulas) in the oratio recta. 8. Perditis, the hopeless, ruined, sc. rebus. 11. Conventura (esse), lit. would come together: = would be adjusted. 12. Contra = in reply to. 15. Procedere, went on. Ex, in accordance with. 20. Multus-instare, inveighed against (them) much and boldly. 22. Spolia, in apposition with consulatum. 23. Dolentia, galling. 24. Prima as of the first importance. 26. Fortis sumum quemque= all the bravest. A. & S. 2 207, Rem. 35, (b); H. 458, 1; B. 1052; A. 17, V. 4. 27. Militiae, in war, from serving with him. 28. Ambiundo, by going round, and asking them personally. Emeritis stipendiis, lit. of completed military service completed the term of military service: ablat. of quality. 31. Quia — putabatur, sc. esse, because military service was thought to be against the wish of the plebs. "The following expression is imitated from the Greek: Aliquid (e. g. militia) mihi volenti ešt; a thing is agreeable to my wish." Mg. 246, Obs. 3. 32. Belli usum, the needs of war, i. e. 'men." 33. Studia, etc. By leading men to war against their inclinations. 34. Amissurus (erat). 37. Trahebant they fancied. The idea is "they carried or bore off as a prize, in their minds." 39. Scribere, to levy. Volt the later vult. 2-39. Concionem, an assembly. 4. Eisdem artibus: in the same character. 8. Contra- videtur, lit. seems good contrary to these things the opposite course seems proper. Quo publica, as the whole commonwealth is of more value. Quo pluris, eo majore cura, lit. in what degree of more value, in that degree with greater care, quo and eo being ablat. of degree of difference. Pluris. A. & S. 8 214; H. 396, IV.; B. 799; A. 54, IX. 1. 10. Illam debere, ought it; depending on videtur. 11. Neque - fallit, nor does it escape me. The subject of fallit (represented in the

=

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translation by it) is the clause quantum — sustineam. Cumby. 70 12. Beneficio, kindness, favor, i. e. the consulship. 13. Militiam, military service. 14. Eos, quos tales, ut eos, hence nolis (you do not wish), subjunct. of result. A. & S. 2 264, 1, (a); B. 1218-20; A. 65, I. 16. Opinione

=

H. 500;

than people think.

20. Me21. Alia

25. Quo,

met, myself. A. & S. ? 133, Rem. 2; H. 148, 3; B. 233. my other supports. 23. Bene facta, deeds well done. on which account, wherefore: ablat. of cause. Mihi, dat. of the agent. 26. Ad-aetatis (part. gen.), up to this time of life. 27. Consueta, familiar (to me). 29. Ea is the object of deseram. 30. In potestatibus, in their magistracies. 33. In naturam vortit, i. e. becomes a "second nature." 36. Cum, in. 37. Si, whether, hence mittatis (you can send), subjunct. of indirect question. 38. Veteris prosapiae, of ancient lineage. Prosapia was antique in Cicero's time, and obsolete in that of Quintilian. M. 39. Imaginum. See note on line 4, p. 15. Scilicet, of course. 4-37. Scio, 8c. eostales, and hence qui : ut ii, with coeperint 71 (have begun), subjunct. of result. 7. Praeposteri, preposterous, i. e. who place that second which should be first ("the cart before the horse." M.) Nam-est, lit. for, to discharge (official duties) is later in point of time than to be appointed (to such office), (but) is first in regard to knowledge (of duties) and experience, i. e. knowledge and experience should precede appointment to office. 13. (Utrum) facta an dicta, etc. 14. Novitatem meam me hominem novum, my being a "new man." Sed, etc., yet (I think) all the bravest are the noblest. 21. Quod si, but if. 22. Suis, to their, i. e. they must despise them. Virtute, merit. 23. Invideant, let them envy subjunct. of command. 25. Illum, i. e. honorem. 26. Vostros (vestros), i. e. the honors which you bestow. 28. Falsi, a participle. 33. Quanto tanto, by how much - by so much: the-the. 37. Inopiam, a lack.

1-39. Aliena, of others. 4. Peperisse, from pario. 6. Abunde 72 illis fore they will have plenty of. Compositam, well-ordered, studied. 7. In has the force of "notwithstanding." Cum, as, since, hence causal subjunct. lacerent. 9. Conscientiam, a consciousness of wrong; or of right, as the context may require. 10. Ex, according to. 11. Vera, sc. oratio. 12. Praedicet. From praedico or praedico? Decide by the mood. A. & S. ? 262, Rem. 4; H. 493, 2; A. 64, IV. Falsam, sc. orationem. 13. Qui agrees with the personal pronoun involved in the possessive vostra, which is considered equivalent to the genitive of the former. Mg. ? 317, a. 15. Etiam — etiam again and again. Eorum refers to consilia. A. & S.

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72 2 215; H. 410, III., and 2; B. 805; A. 50, IV.3. 16. Fidei causa,

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for the sake of (securing) belief. 18. Res, occasion. Hastas, etc. These were given by the general as rewards of bravery. The vexillum was a streamer on the end of a lance or spear, of different colors, with or without embroidery. An. 20. Adverso corpore, sc. in. 21. Ut illa illis, as (those things) theirs to them. 23. Parvi id=little of that. A. & S. & 214; H. 402, III. 1; B. 799; A. 54, IX. 1. 24. Illus opus est they have need. Artificio. A. & S. 243; H. 419, V.; B. 923; A. 54, VII. 26. Litteras Graecas, the Greek language and literature, for the study of which a taste was becoming prevalent about this time, and wealthy families sent their sons to Athens - "the university of Rome" -to be educated. 27. Quippe quae, because they. Doctoribus, the teachers of them, i. e. the Greeks, whom the Romans had subdued. 28. Illa, in those things. A. & S. 2 231; H. 374, and 1; B. 734; A. 52, III. Multo, by far. 29. Praesidium agitare, lit. to be active in defence or protection, to be active in guard duty, to guard. 33. Illos-colam, will I treat them severely. Arte arcte. 35. Civile, befitting a citizen. Tute. A. & S. ? 133, Rem. 2; H. 184, 3; B. 233. Per, in. 39. Quisquibus. Ipsa, themselves, because nobilitas is plural in idea. Moribus, in character.

the

2-39. Ex, on account of. 3. Procul errant, lit. wander far away, greatly err, are much mistaken. 7. Me, sc. esse. 9. Exorno, I furnish forth. Histrionem, buffoon, or dancer, for the amusement of guests, particularly at table. Preti pretii, gen. of quality or description (not price). 10. Cocum more common coquum. Habeo, do I keep. 12. Sanctis, venerable. Accepi, I have learned, heard. Munditias, that elegancies. 13. Bonis, dat. of the possessor with esse: translate, and that all good men ought to have more, etc. 15. Quin ergo faciant, by all means then let them do. Quin here quî+ ne=why not, as in asking questions with the indicative, and which with the imperative (or imperative subjunct.) becomes, by all means, indeed, really, etc. 24. Nihil, in no respect, in nothing, not: accus. of specification. 26. Mei mores, my character, sc. poscunt. 29. Ad, up to. 31. Mehercule, by Hercules. But "Me before the names of gods must be explained by an ellipsis: the complete expression was, ita me (e. g. Hercules) juvet; or with the vocative, ita me Hercule juves (so help me Hercules). Mehercule is the form which Cicero approves." Z. 2 361, Note. 34. Militaris aetas, i. e. from 17 to 46. 37. Metus ceperit, let fear seize : subjunct. of mild command. A. & S. ? 260, II., Rem. 6; H. 488, II.; B. 1193 and 1198; A. 68, I. In agmine, on the march.

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38. Idem (agreeing with egomet)=also, at the same time. Z. 2 697. 73 39. Juxta geram: = I will treat equally.

3-38. Decebat, it would become, for deceret, to give the conclu- 74 sion the appearance of greater certainty. A. & S. 2 259, Rem. 3, (a) and (b); H. 475, 4; B. 1274; A. 59, 2; Z. ¿ 518; Mg. 2 348, e. 5. Liberis, for his children: dat. limiting optavit, which has for object the object-clause uti-forent. 6. Magis, se. optavit. 14. Classibus. Instead of convening the people in the Campus Martius and calling them by their centuries for enlistment, Marius allowed them to offer themselves indiscriminately for service. And instead of selecting the soldiers exclusively from the five upper classes, arranged according to their census, he enlisted most of his men from the sixth or lowest of all, the members of which, having no fortunes, were only polled, capite censi. This practice was continued in later times, and the Roman soldiers, instead of having a stake and interest in the institutions of the commonwealth, became for the most part needy men, who served only for pay and plunder. M. 15. Capite censos, rated by the head, having no property. See preceding note. Factum, se. esse. 19. Sua (their own affairs), sc. sunt. Cara. Some MSS. read curae. Quippe quae: because they. 20. Cum pretio, (if attended) with reward. 27. Expletis, by the recent levies. 38. Divorsi (= diversi) in different directions.

2–37. Laxius, looser in discipline, licentius, more unrestrained 75 in conduct. "Sometimes sum is used with an adverb which denotes way, manner, instead of an adjective. So also we find the expressions, recte sunt omnia (all is well)," etc. Madvig, 209, b, Obs. 2. 3. Metellus received the honor of a triumph and the surname of Numidicus. 8. Contra, the opposite. 12. In itinere, on their way. 13. Armis, by compelling him to fly and leave them behind him. 14. Quae = that these things, sc. esse. Modo, merely, only. Neque-patrandi, and that they did not appertain to ending the war. Belli is the possessive predicate gen. after esse understood. A. & S. 2 211, Rem. 8, 3; H. 402, I.; B. 780; A. 50, I. 1. 18. Nudatum, sc. fore, (and not esse, as is suggested by the following fut. certaturum esse), a fut. perf. infin. A. & S. 268, Rem. 4, (b); H. 544, 2; B. 1134; Z. 594; Mg. 410, Obs. 2. 23. Solitus. Supply sit (making subjunct. of indirect question). 26. Mediocria, moderate operations. 28. In manus to close quarters, in fighting. 32. Hercules Libys. The Libyan Hercules is the same as the Tyrian and Phoenician, the legendary discoverer and conqueror of Africa in the Carthaginian mythology. M. 33. Levi, under a mild. 37. Propinqua, the parts adjacent.