quanta belli fama fuerat revecta ludos opulentius in8 structiusque quam priores reges fecit. Tunc primum circo, qui nunc Maximus dicitur, designatus locus est. Loca divisa patribus equitibusque, ubi spectacula sibi 9 quisque facerent, fori appellati. Spectavere furcis duodenos ab terra spectacula alta sustinentibus pedes. Ludicrum fuit equi pugilesque, ex Etruria maxime acciti. Sollemnes deinde annui mansere ludi, Romani magnique 10 varie appellati. Ab eodem rege et circa forum privatis aedificanda divisa sunt loca, porticus tabernaeque factae. 36 Muro quoque lapideo circumdare urbem parabat, cum Sabinum bellum coeptis intervenit. Adeoque ea subita res fuit ut prius Anienem transirent hostes quam obviam ire ac prohibere exercitus Romanus posset. Itaque trepidatum Romae est. Et primo dubia victoria magna utrimque caede pugnatum est; reductis deinde in castra hostium copiis datoque spatio Romanis ad comparandum de integro bellum, Tarquinius, equitem maxime suis 2 10. et: i.e. as well as the arrangements of the Circus Maximus. aedificanda: see Gr. 500. 4. porticus: these were arcades, in which the business and outdoor intercourse of the Romans regularly took place. They were always a favorite form of decoration for cities. tabernae : simple booths or shops for retail wares, such as are still found in many cities of Europe. As the remains appear in Pompeii, they are little stalls not larger than a market-stall, with the front entirely open, having a counter flush with the street, accessible to persons on the sidewalks. 36. coeptis: a substantive, as often in poetry and late Latin; cf. orsis, Pref. 13.-— intervenit: indic. with cum inversum'; see Gr. 546. - posset: see Gr. 551. b. a. deesse viribus ratus, ad Ramnes Titienses Luceres, quas centurias Romulus scripserat, addere alias constituit suoque insignes relinquere nomine. Id quia inaugurato Romulus fecerat, negare Attus 3. Navius, inclitus ea tempestate augur, neque mutari neque novum constitui, nisi aves addixissent, posse. Ex eo ira regi mota, eludensque artem, ut ferunt, Age- 4 dum' inquit, 'divine tu, inaugura fierine possit quod nunc ego mente concipio.' Cum ille in augurio rem expertus profecto futuram dixisset, 'Atqui hoc animo agitavi' inquit, 'te novacula cotem discissurum; cape haec et perage quod aves tuae fieri posse portendunt.' Tum illum haud cunctanter discidisse cotem ferunt. Statua Atti capite velato, quo in loco res acta est, in 5 comitio in gradibus ipsis ad laevam curiae fuit; cotem quoque eodem loco sitam fuisse memorant, ut esset ad posteros miraculi eius monumentum. 2. quas centurias: see 13. 8. suo: as the others had been named from Romulus and Tatius. 3. inaugurato: see Gr. 419. c. - neque... neque: these words after a negative do not contradict the negative; see Gr. 327. 2; cf. 26. 12 n. — mutari, etc.: i.e. things could be changed only by as high an authority as that by which they had been established. aves: i.e. the gods speaking through them. 4. eludens, scoffing at, by means of the problem which he sets. — artem: i.e. of augury. divine, seer. The emphasis gives a force something like, 'Come, you are such a great soothsayer, determine,' etc.- inaugura, determine by augury.in, in the process of, and so by means of-atqui, now, with an adversative shade, inasmuch as Tarquin conceives the thing as impos sible.―aniino: not different from art. --- 5. velato: the style of the augur. gradibus: the steps up from that part of the Forum to the senate house. sitam fuisse, was (once) deposited; see Gr. 495. N. 6 Auguriis certe sacerdotioque augurum tantus honos accessit ut nihil belli domique postea nisi auspicato gereretur, concilia populi, exercitus vocati, summa rerum, 7 ubi aves non admisissent, dirimerentur. Neque tum Tarquinius de equitum centuriis quicquam mutavit; numero alterum tantum adiecit, ut mille octingenti equites in tribus centuriis essent. Posteriores modo sub isdem nominibus qui additi erant appellati sunt, quas nunc, quia geminatae sunt, sex vocant centurias. 37 Hac parte copiarum aucta iterum cum Sabinis confligitur. Sed praeterquam quod viribus creverat Romanus exercitus, ex occulto etiam additur dolus, missis qui magnam vim lignorum, in Anienis ripa iacentem, ardentem in flumen conicerent; ventoque iuvante accensa ligna, et pleraque impacta in ratibus sublicis cum hae 6. certe: i.e. whether the old tradition is true or not. nihil, etc. i.e. whereas augury had only been used for the most important matters, now nothing of any account was done without it. concilia populi: probably the comitia tributa. - exercitus: the comitia centuriata, which was assembled as a military muster; cf. 44. I. summa rerum, acts of the highest moment, in apposition with the preceding. admisissent: cf. ubi dixisset, 32. 13 n. dirimerentur : i.e. the bodies called together for the highest functions of the state are dissolved again, if the omens are unfavorable. This power of interrupting proceedings by real or pretended auspices (obnuntiatio) became a potent factor in politics, and continued through the republic. 7. neque tum: i.e. Tarquin was prevented from doing what he intended on that occasion; an example under the general rule just given. -mutavit: i.e. he did not add a new division, he only increased the number, which was not an innovation. alterum tantum, as many more; cf. as much again.' Livy probably wrote the words in this order, though the MSS. have tantum alterum, here and X. 46. mille octingenti: this number does not agree with Livy's other accounts (cf. 13. 8, 30. 3), but it is to be remembered that Livy does not claim exactness; and as accounts differed, he takes sometimes one and sometimes another. The whole subject is in utter confusion. 8. modo: i.e. only they did have a distinctive name, posteriores. geminatae: from three to six.sex centurias: regularly sex suffragia, as having, under the Servian constitution, six votes as centuries. The number of persons is uncertain. WAR WITH THE SABINES. 37. ex occulto: opposed to the increased Roman strength, which was an open advantage. arden rerent, pontem incendunt. Ea quoque res in pugna 2 terrorem attulit Sabinis, effusis eadem fugam impediit, multique mortales, cum hostem effugissent, in flumine ipso periere; quorum fluitantia arma ad urbem cognita in Tiberi, prius paene quam nuntiari posset, insignem victoriam fecere. Eo proelio praecipua equitum gloria fuit. Vtrimque 3 ab cornibus positos, cum iam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, ita incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt, ut non sisterent modo Sabinas legiones ferociter instantes cedentibus, sed subito in fugam averterent. Montes effuso 4 cursu Sabini petebant. Et pauci tenuere; maxima pars, ut ante dictum est, ab equitibus in flumen acti sunt. Tar- 5 quinius instandum perterritis ratus, praeda captivisque Romam missis, spoliis hostium-id votum Vulcano erat ingenti cumulo accensis, pergit porro in agrum Sabinum exercitum inducere, et quamquam male gestae res 6 erant nec gesturos melius sperare poterant, tamen, quia consulendi res non dabat spatium, iere obviam Sabini tumultuario milite iterumque ibi fusi, perditis iam prope rebus, pacem petiere. tem: a predicate participle, which they had first set on fire.. impacta: against the piles. — in ratibus: i.e. in masses. - - pontem : the bridge over the Anio, over which the Sabines must cross to get home again. 2. quoque: as well as the increased strength of the Romans. effusis: opposed to in pugna. eadem (sc. res): the same cause. -arma: so far as they were not of metal.cognita, recognized. insignem, etc.: gave sure signs of the victory. 3. suorum: the use of the reflexive gives the situation as it presented itself to the minds of the 2 38 Collatia et quicquid citra Collatiam agri erat Sabinis ademptum, Egerius - fratris hic filius erat regis - Collatiae in praesidio relictus. Deditosque Collatinos ita accipio eamque deditionis formulam esse: Rex interrogavit Estisne vos legati oratoresque missi a populo Conlatino, ut vos populumque Conlatinum dederetis?' 'Sumus.' 'Estne populus Conlatinus in sua potestate?' 'Est.' 'Deditisne vos populumque Conlatinum, urbem, agros, aquam, terminos, delubra, utensilia, divina humanaque omnia in meam populique Romani dicionem?' 'Dedimus.' 'At ego recipio.' 3 Bello Sabino perfecto Tarquinius triumphans Romam 4 redit. Inde Priscis Latinis bellum fecit, ubi nusquam ad universae rei dimicationem ventum est: ad singula oppida circumferendo arma omne nomen Latinum domuit. Corniculum, Ficulea vetus, Cameria, Crustumerium, Ameriola, Medullia, Nomentum, haec de Priscis Latinis aut qui ad Latinos defecerant capta oppida. Pax deinde est facta. alarm, as opposed to regular troops in a prepared war. - petiere: that it was granted appears from the conditions given in the next chap ter. FORMULA OF SURRENDER; WAR AGAINST THE LATINS. 38. citra: between Collatia and Rome, which is about ten miles distant. — in praesidio: either as a temporary garrison or a permanent colony. 2. estisne for order, see Gr. 598. d (2). The first question is as to the credentials of the representatives; the second, as to the right of the people itself as an independ ent state; the third, as to the will of the parties. The form of surrender embraces everything over which |