fuga aut in exsilium acti sunt, absentiumque bona iuxta 10 atque interemptorum divisui fuere. Largitiones inde praedaeque et dulcedine privati commodi sensus malorum publicorum adimi, donec orba consilio auxilioque Gabina res regi Romano sine ulla dimicatione in manum traditur.

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Gabiis receptis Tarquinius pacem cum Aequorum gente fecit, foedus cum Tuscis renovavit, inde ad negotia urbana animum convertit. Quorum erat primum, ut Iovis templum in monte Tarpeio monumentum regni sui nominisque relinqueret: Tarquinios reges ambos, patrem 2 vovisse, filium perfecisse. Et ut libera a ceteris religionibus area esset tota Iovis templique eius quod inaedificaretur, exaugurare fana sacellaque statuit, quae aliquot ibi a T. Tatio rege primum in ipso discrimine adversus Romulum pugnae vota, consecrata inaugurataque postea 3 fuerant. Inter principia condendi huius operis movisse

temple would be a memorial. reges: put in, like a later Roman's titles, as a distinction.

2. religionibus, religious claims, of other gods who might have shrines there (fana, sacella). exaugurare, unconsecrate, by ceremonies similar to those by which they had first been consecrated, for the pleasure of the gods must be asked by augurs. - fana, sacella: not distinctly different, but appar ently a sacellum had an altar; a fanum not necessarily. quae aliquot, several of which; see Gr. 346. e.-discrimine: see 13, where, however, the vow is not mentioned; it is probably inferred from the existence of the shrines; cf. Varro, L. L. V. 74.

3. movisse numen: this odd expression gives the idea that the gods took the trouble, set them

numen ad indicandam tanti imperii molem traditur deos; nam cum omnium sacellorum exaugurationes admitterent aves, in Termini fano non addixere. Idque omen augu- 4 riumque ita acceptum est, non motam Termini sedem unumque eum deorum non evocatum sacratis sibi finibus firma stabiliaque cuncta portendere. Hoc perpetui- 5 tatis auspicio accepto, secutum aliud magnitudinem imperii portendens prodigium est: caput humanum integra facie aperientibus fundamenta templi dicitur apparuisse. Quae visa species haud per ambages arcem eam imperii 6. caputque rerum fore portendebat, idque ita cecinere vates quique in urbe erant quosque ad eam rem consultandam ex Etruria acciverant. Augebatur ad impensas 7 regis animus. Itaque Pometinae manubiae, quae perducendo ad culmen operi destinatae erant, vix in fundamenta suppeditavere. Eo magis Fabio, praeterquam 8 quod antiquior est, crediderim, quadraginta ea sola talenta fuisse, quam Pisoni, qui quadraginta milia pondo 9

with the predicate, as usual (Gr. 296. a); best translated here. caput rerum, the capital of the world. -- ita: i.e. in this sense, in explaining the prodigies. quique: i.e. et qui.

7. augebatur: i.e. by the favorable omens.- Pometinae: : see 53.2. – suppeditavere: i.e. because, on the strength of the omens, the king had made the foundations more elaborate.

8. Fabio: Fabius Pictor, the great early Roman historian; see 44. 2. - praeterquam quod: i.e. from the reason of the thing, beside the fact that Fabius is the earlier authority. ea: i.e. the manubiae of Pometia.

9. Pisoni: see Intr. 6. — quadraginta milia pondo: as the talent was about 80 Roman pounds, the

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argenti seposita in eam rem scribit, summam pecuniae neque ex unius tum urbis praeda sperandam et nullius ne horum quidem magnificentiae operum fundamenta non exsuperaturam.

Intentus perficiendo templo, fabris undique ex Etruria accitis, non pecunia solum ad id publica est usus, sed operis etiam ex plebe. Qui cum haud parvus et ipse militiae adderetur labor, minus tamen plebs gravabatur 2 se templa deum exaedificare manibus suis quam postquam et ad alia, ut specie minora, sic laboris aliquanto maioris, traducebantur opera, foros in circo faciendos cloacamque maximam, receptaculum omnium purgamentorum urbis, sub terram agendam, quibus duobus operibus vix nova haec magnificentia quicquam adaequare 3 potuit. His laboribus exercita plebe, quia et urbi mul titudinem, ubi usus non esset, oneri rebatur esse, et colonis mittendis occupari latius imperii fines volebat, Signiam Circeiosque colonos misit, praesidia urbi futura terra marique.

the military service which they had beside.

2. ut... sic: cf. ut... ita, 53. I. foros... faciendos: in apposition with opera; see Gr. 503. a. N. 2; for foros see 35. 8 n. - - cloacam: the great sewer still in existence.

3. exercita: i.e. after they had been used in this way, and as a kind of reward for their services, inasmuch as such colonists received land. et urbi, etc.: the two reasons of the king, - it was good for the city at home, and they needed colonies abroad. -usus non esset: i.e. there was no use for them, nothing for them to do any more, and so the poorer were a burden to maintain. terra: by Signia; mari: by Circeii.

Haec agenti portentum terribile visum: anguis ex 4 columna lignea elapsus cum terrorem fugamque in regia fecisset, ipsius regis non tam subito pavore perculit pectus quam anxiis implevit curis. Itaque cum ad 5 publica prodigia Etrusci tantum vates adhiberentur, hoc velut domestico exterritus visu Delphos ad maxime inclitum in terris oraculum mittere statuit. Neque re- 6 sponsa sortium ulli alii committere ausus, duos filios per ignotas ea tempestate terras, ignotiora maria, in Graeciam misit. Titus et Arruns profecti. Comes iis addi- 7 tus L. Iunius Brutus, Tarquinia, sorore regis, natus, iuvenis longe alius ingenio quam cuius simulationem induerat. Is cum primores civitatis, in quibus fratrem suum ab avunculo interfectum audisset, neque in animo suo quicquam regi timendum neque in fortuna concupiscendum relinquere statuit, contemptuque tutus esse ubi in iure parum praesidii esset. Ergo ex in- 8 dustria factus ad imitationem stultitiae cum se suaque praedae esse regi sineret, Bruti quoque haud abnuit cognomen, ut sub eius obtentu cognominis liberator ille

4. non tam, etc.: not so much alarmed, like the others, by the mere appearance of the creature, as troubled by the doubt as to what the omen portended.

5. Delphos: as a higher authority.

6. responsa: of course after they should be given. — sortium: the word, from meaning the billets of wood on which Italian oracles were written, comes to mean the oracle itself. - ausus: it was important to keep such a matter secret. — - ignotas: though the Romans had long been familiar with Greeks, yet they themselves had little to do with the actual course of commerce itself, so that to them Livy may say, with

out much exaggeration, utterly unknown.

7. ingenio: ablative of specification. cuius: i.e. is iuvenis cuius. induerat: the figure is derived from a mask or costume, but is a little forced. in quibus, and among them. - animo: not merely his wits, which he allowed to be considered dull, but his spirit or ambition, in which he seemed to have no aspirations, allowing himself to be treated as a fool. — fortuna, his possessions.

8. factus, forming himself. se: referring to animo, as explained above. - - sua: referring to fortuna. Bruti, the Dullard. For the case, see Gr. 343. d.-ille ...

populi Romani animus latens opperiretur tempora sua. 9 Is tum ab Tarquiniis ductus Delphos, ludibrium verius quam comes, aureum baculum inclusum corneo cavato ad id baculo tulisse donum Apollini dicitur, per ambages effigiem ingenii sui.

ΙΟ

II

Quo postquam ventum est, perfectis patris mandatis, cupido incessit animos iuvenum sciscitandi ad quem eorum regnum esset venturum. Ex infimo specu vocem redditam ferunt: Imperium summum Romae habebit qui vestrum primus, o iuvenes, osculum matri tulerit.' Tarquinius Sextus, qui Romae relictus fuerat, ut ignarus responsi expersque imperii esset, rem summa ope taceri iubent, ipsi inter se, uter prior, cum Romam redisset, 12 matri osculum daret, sorti permittunt. Brutus alio ratus spectare Pythicam vocem, velut si prolapsus cecidisset, terram osculo contigit, scilicet quod ea communis mater 13 omnium mortalium esset. Reditum inde Romam, ubi adversus Rutulos bellum summa vi parabatur.

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Ardeam Rutuli habebant, gens, ut in ea regione atque in ea aetate, divitiis praepollens. Eaque ipsa causa belli fuit, quod rex Romanus cum ipse ditari exhaustus magnificentia publicorum operum, tum praeda delenire po2 pularium animos studebat, praeter aliam superbiam regno