regnare passuros nec esse Romae, unde periculum libertati foret. Id summa ope tuendum esse, neque ullam rem quae eo pertineat contemnendam. Invitum se dicere hominis causa, nec dicturum fuisse, ni caritas rei publicae vinceret. Non credere populum Romanum 6 solidam libertatem reciperatam esse. Regium genus, regium nomen non solum in civitate sed etiam in imperio esse; id officere, id obstare libertati. 'Hunc tu' 7 inquit 'tua voluntate, L. Tarquini, remove metum. Meminimus, fatemur, eiecisti reges; absolve beneficium tuum, aufer hinc regium nomen. Res tuas tibi non solum reddent cives tui auctore me, sed si quid deest, munifice augebunt. Amicus abi, exonera civitatem vano forsitan metu. Ita persuasum est animis, cum gente Tarquinia regnum hinc abiturum.' Consuli primo 8 tam novae rei ac subitae admiratio incluserat vocem; dicere deinde incipientem primores civitatis circumsistunt, eadem multis precibus orant. Et ceteri quidem 9 movebant minus: postquam Spurius Lucretius, maior aetate ac dignitate, socer praeterea ipsius, agere varie rogando alternis suadendoque coepit, ut vinci se consensu civitatis pateretur, timens consul, ne postmodum privato 10 sibi eadem illa cum bonorum amissione additaque alia insuper ignominia acciderent, abdicavit se consulatu, rebusque suis omnibus Lavinium translatis civitate cessit. Brutus ex senatus consulto ad populum tulit, ut omnes I Tarquiniae gentis exsules essent. Collegam sibi comi

3

tiis centuriatis creavit P. Valerium, quo adiutore reges eiecerat.

Cum haud cuiquam in dubio esset bellum ab Tarqui niis imminere, id quidem spe omnium serius fuit. Ceterum, id quod non timebant, per dolum ac proditionem 2 prope libertas amissa est. Erant in Romana iuventute adulescentes aliquot, nec hi tenui loco orti, quorum in regno libido solutior fuerat, aequales sodalesque adule3 scentium Tarquiniorum, adsueti more regio vivere. Eam tum aequato iure omnium licentiam quaerentes libertatem aliorum in suam vertisse servitutem inter se conquerebantur: regem hominem esse, a quo impetres, ubi ius, ubi iniuria opus sit; esse gratiae locum, esse beneficio; et irasci et ignoscere posse, inter amicum atque inimi4 cum discrimen nosse. Leges rem surdam, inexorabilem esse, salubriorem melioremque inopi quam potenti, nihil laxamenti nec veniae habere, si modum excesseris; peri

of the separate mention of it in the next line. Such carelessness is not strange in our author.

PLOTS OF THE TARQUINS. 3. cum, etc.: opposed to the clause id fuit. - quidem : correlative with ceterum, opposing the delay of the war with the Tarquins to the earlier intestine troubles. non timebant: opposed to haud in dubio esset.

2. nec, and not. . . either. — in regno: i.e. under the rule of a king.

regio: i.e. without control.

3. eam referring to regio, etc. quaerentes, missing; a very common meaning of the word; cf. the exactly opposite course of desidero, 'find missing,' and so 'feel the want of'; see Harvard Studies, I. p. 96.

suam, for them, on account of the emphasis. - regem, etc.: i.e. a

king was a human being, and so
to be influenced by human motives
for right or wrong.
opus sit:
see Gr. 411. b. gratiae: favor;
properly, the agreeableness of the
favored to the favorer; but in
Latin such words are viewed from
either direction; cf. note to iniuria,
I. 13. 1.-beneficio: i.e. doing a
good turn; more concrete than the
preceding, and expressing nearly
the same thing viewed from the
opposite end. posse: i.e. re-
gem.

4. rem surdam: opposed to hominem.-inexorabilem: opposed to a quo impetres. — salubriorem, etc. a parenthetical remark outside the antithesis.-nihil, etc.: opposed to gratiae, etc. excesseris: see Gr. 518. a.- innocentia: a free use of the ablative of means. It is dangerous to try to live by this

culosum esse in tot humanis erroribus sola innocentia vivere. Ita iam sua sponte aegris animis legati ab regi- 5 bus superveniunt sine mentione reditus bona tantum repetentes. Eorum verba postquam in senatu audita sunt, per aliquot dies ea consultatio tenuit, ne non reddita belli causa, reddita belli materia et adiumentum essent. Interim legati alia moliri, aperte bona repetentes 6 clam reciperandi regni consilia struere; et tamquam ad id quod agi videbatur, ambientes nobilium adulescentium animos pertemptant. A quibus placide oratio ac- 7 cepta est, iis litteras ab Tarquiniis reddunt, et de accipiendis clam nocte in urbem regibus conloquuntur.

Vitelliis Aquiliisque fratribus primo commissa res est. 4 Vitelliorum soror consuli nupta Bruto erat, iamque ex eo matrimonio adulescentes erant liberi, Titus Tiberiusque. Eos quoque in societatem consilii avunculi adsu- 2 munt. Praeterea aliquot nobiles adulescentes conscii adsumpti, quorum vetustate memoria abiit. Interim 3 cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae censebat reddenda bona, eamque ipsam causam morae in urbe haberent legati, quod spatium ad vehicula comparanda a consulibus sumpsissent, quibus regum asportarent res, omne id tempus cum coniuratis consultando absumunt, evincunt

means alone; one needs some indulgence for frailties besides.

5. sua sponte: i.e. without the additional stimulus of the arrival of the envoys. animis: ablative. ne: i.e. 'on account of the fear that'; the purpose, properly, of the debate.

6. alia opposed to the ostensible aim of their visit. - tanquam ad id, etc. i.e. this was their excuse for visiting the young nobles, to gain their influence.

7. placide, favorably; properly, without objection or offence. THE YOUNG NOBLES SIDE WITH THE TARQUINS.

4. adulescentes, grown up. 3. eam ipsam: cf. Gr. 296. a. -causam, excuse; hence the subjunctive sumpsissent, putting the words into the mouths of the envoys. - evincunt, finally succeed in having. ut.. darentur: object clause, as with words of persuading

que instando, ut litterae sibi ad Tarquinios darentur: 4 nam aliter qui credituros eos non vana ab legatis super rebus tantis adferri? Datae litterae, ut pignus fidei 5 essent, manifestum facinus fecerunt. Nam cum pridie quam legati ad Tarquinios proficiscerentur cenatum forte apud Vitellios esset, coniuratique ibi remotis arbitris multa inter se de novo, ut fit, consilio egissent, sermonem eorum ex servis unus excepit; qui iam antea id 6 senserat agi; sed eam occasionem, ut litterae legatis darentur, quae deprehensae rem coarguere possent, exspectabat. Postquam datas sensit, rem ad consules detu7 lit. Consules ad deprehendendos legatos coniuratosque profecti domo sine tumultu rem omnem oppressere, litterarum in primis habita cura, ne interciderent. Proditoribus extemplo in vincla coniectis de legatis paululum addubitatum est, et quamquam visi sunt commisisse ut hostium loco essent, ius tamen gentium valuit.

and the like. litterae: i.e. from the conspirators, in order to compromise, and so bind them.

4. qui, how. - credituros: see Gr. 586.

5. proficiscerentur: see Gr. 551. b. arbitris, witnesses; the earlier meaning. ut fit, as was natural; this idea is immediately connected with novo, as it was because their heads were full of the new plans that they talked about them. — qui, etc.

translate with a new sentence,

'he,' etc.

6. eam occasionem: i.e. the opportunity afforded by the giving of the letter; hence the dependent clause takes the form of a purpose clause he was waiting for the letter to be delivered, to take advantage of that opportunity. - detulit: the technical word for laying definite information before the authorities.

7. profecti, etc.: as magistrates they had the power of proceeding immediately, without our machinery of warrants, etc.- - sine tumultu: i.e. without creating any alarm or stir outside of their own official circle. oppressere, crushed; the word properly means more than this. They anticipated the outbreak by putting their hand on it in its inception, caught it in the act and nipped it in the bud, as it were; or, they seized it by the throat; hence litterarum in primis, etc., in accordance with the rest of the figure ne interciderent: a common form of explanatory purpose clause, where an object has already been expressed; cf. 9. 5 and see Gr. 576 for a similar usage in the indirect question.

ut hostium, etc.: i.e. had forfeited the rights of ambassadors (cf. ius gentium).

De bonis regis, quae reddi ante censuerant, res integra 5 refertur ad patres. Ibi victi ira vetuere reddi, vetuere in publicum redigi: diripienda plebi sunt data, ut con- 2 tacta regia praeda spem in perpetuum cum iis pacis. amitteret. Ager Tarquiniorum, qui inter urbem ac Tiberim fuit, consecratus Marti Martius deinde campus fuit. Forte ibi tum seges farris dicitur fuisse matura messi. 3 Quem campi fructum quia religiosum erat consumere, desectam cum stramento segetem magna vis hominum simul immissa corbibus fudere in Tiberim tenui fluentem aqua, ut mediis caloribus solet. Ita in vadis haesitantis 4 frumenti acervos sedisse inlitos limo. Insulam inde paulatim et aliis, quae fert temere flumen, eodem invectis factam. Postea credo additas moles manuque adiutum, ut tam eminens area firmaque templis quoque ac porticibus sustinendis esset.

Direptis bonis regum damnati proditores sumptum- 5