Romulo numeretur crearitis, auctores fient.' Adeo id I gratum plebi fuit ut, ne victi beneficio viderentur, id modo sciscerent iuberentque, ut senatus decerneret qui Romae regnaret. Inclita iustitia religioque ea tempestate Numae Pom- 18 pili erat. Curibus Sabinis habitabat, consultissimus vir, ut in illa quisquam esse aetate poterat, omnis divini atque humani iuris. Auctorem doctrinae eius, quia non 2 exstat alius, falso Samium Pythagoram edunt, quem Servio Tullio regnante Romae centum amplius post annos in ultima Italiae ora circa Metapontum Heracleamque et Crotonam iuvenum aemulantium studia coetus habuisse constat. Ex quibus locis, etsi eiusdem 31 wealth of Massachusetts," at the end of a proclamation. II. victi beneficio, surpassed in courtesy. -sciscerent: another technical term for deliberative action where there is full power.- qui: often found instead of the regular quis. ELECTION AND INAUGURATION OF NUMA. 18. inclita, etc.: notice the order, which gives a rhetorical effect like famous for justice and piety... was the name of Numa; (he did not live at Rome, but) Cures of the Sabines was his dwelling-place, etc. Numae: probably a later invented surname, connected with vóμos, numerus, etc.— Pompili: a form in the Sabine dialect, equivalent to Quinctilius (cf. πέντε, πέμπε). The whole name may be invented; but one part is a natural Sabine name, the other a nickname. — Sabinis: the Sabines were famous in later times for their conservative, religious and moral character, whence the mention of the nation here. ut, so far as, a common com use of ut, though the opposite mean- the order see Gr. 598. e. The 2. auctorem, teacher; cf. auctores, 17. 9 n. Pythagoram: as he introduced Greek culture into Magna Græcia, and was the most famous sage of those early times, it was natural to give him credit for all the wisdom that appeared in Italy. Livy does not generally commit himself about traditions, but this one he expressly combats. 3. ex quibus, etc. : the four points are: 1. That he lived more than a hundred years after; 2. That aetatis fuisset, quae fama in Sabinos, aut quo linguae commercio quemquam ad cupiditatem discendi excivisset, quove praesidio unus per tot gentes dissonas sermone + moribusque pervenisset? Suopte igitur ingenio temperatum animum virtutibus fuisse opinor magis, instructumque non tam peregrinis artibus quam disciplina taetrica ac tristi veterum Sabinorum, quo genere nullum quondam incorruptius fuit. 5 Audito nomine Numae patres Romani, quamquam inclinari opes ad Sabinos rege inde sumpto videbantur, tamen neque se quisquam nec factionis suae alium nec denique patrum aut civium quemquam praeferre illi viro ausi, ad unum omnes Numae Pompilio regnum deferen5 dum decernunt. Accitus, sicut Romulus augurato urbe condenda regnum adeptus est, de se quoque deos consuli iussit. Inde ab augure, cui deinde honoris ergo publi. the ascetic Sabines. — genere, race. 5. audito: the beginning of the chapter implies that his name was mentioned in connection with the throne as a man eminent in the necessary qualifications.-patres: Livy thinks of them as only Romans. inclinari: almost equal to a future; but the meaning of the verb allows the present to be used with rege sumpto as a future protasis. See Gr. 496.- inde: i.e. from the Sabines; see Gr. 321. a. -patrum aut civium: here opposed as nobles and commons. illi viro, this great man.- ad unum, unanimously.decernunt: Livy represents the senate as choosing the king; other writers make the people elect him. Cf. Cic. Rep. II. 13. 25. 6. sicut, just as.- augurato: see Gr. 419. c. urbe condenda, at the building of the city; a loose use of the ablative of manner. See Gr. 507 and examples. — cui de cum id perpetuumque sacerdotium fuit, deductus in arcem, in lapide ad meridiem versus consedit. Augur 7 ad laevam eius capite velato sedem cepit, dextra manu baculum sine nodo aduncum tenens, quem lituum appellarunt. Inde ubi prospectu in urbem agrumque capto deos precatus regiones ab oriente ad occasum determinavit, dextras ad meridiem partes, laevas ad septemtrionem esse dixit, signum contra, quoad longissime 8 conspectum oculi ferebant, animo finivit; tum, lituo in laevam manum translato, dextra in caput Numae imposita, precatus ita est: 'Iuppiter pater, si est fas hunc 9 Numam Pompilium, cuius ego caput teneo, regem Romae esse, uti tu signa nobis certa adclarassis inter eos fines quos feci.' Tum peregit verbis auspicia quae mitti vellet; quibus missis declaratus rex Numa de templo descendit. 19 Qui regno ita potitus urbem novam, conditam vi et armis, iure eam legibusque ac moribus de integro con2 dere parat. Quibus cum inter bella adsuescere videret non posse, quippe efferari militia animos, mitigandum ferocem populum armorum desuetudine ratus, Ianum ad infimum Argiletum indicem pacis bellique fecit, apertus ut in armis esse civitatem, clausus pacatos circa omnes 3 populos significaret. Bis deinde post Numae regnum clausus fuit, semel T. Manlio consule post Punicum primum perfectum bellum, iterum, quod nostrae aetati dii dederunt ut videremus, post bellum Actiacum ab imperatore Caesare Augusto pace terra marique parta. ~ Clauso eo cum omnium circa finitimorum societate ac foederibus iunxisset animos, positis externorum periculorum curis ne luxuriarent otio animi, quos metus hostium disciplinaque militaris continuerat, omnium primum rem ad multitudinem imperitam et illis saeculis rudem efficacissimam, deorum metum iniciendum ratus 5 est. Qui cum descendere ad animos sine aliquo commento miraculi non posset, simulat sibi cum dea 4 without buildings consecrated by the augural proceedings. THE ADMINISTRATION OF NUMA. 19. ita: i.e. thus chosen and inaugurated. conditam vi, etc.: i.e. established in material power as a warlike nation. - iure, etc.: i.e. its civil institutions. 2. adsuescere: sc. populum below. efferari: indirect discourse; Gr. 583. b. N. Ianum: this is represented on coins as merely an arch or gate. Its connection with Numa, as well as the reason given for building it, must be an invention. Such customs always grow. - Argiletum (clay-pits): a locality northeast of the forum. Egeria congressus nocturnos esse, eius se monitu, quae acceptissima diis essent, sacra instituere, sacerdotes suos cuique deorum praeficere. Atque omnium primum ad cursus lunae in duodecim 6 menses discribit annum, quem, quia tricenos dies singulis mensibus luna non explet desuntque dies solido anno, qui solstitiali circumagitur orbe, intercalariis mensibus interponendis ita dispensavit ut vicesimo anno ad metam eandem solis, unde orsi essent, plenis omnium annorum spatiis dies congruerent. Idem nefastos dies fastosque 7 fecit, quia aliquando nihil cum populo agi utile futurum erat. Tum sacerdotibus creandis animum adiecit, quam- 20 6. omnium primum: the importance of this as a religious matter comes from the fact that the festivals depended on it. ad cursus lunae: i.e. the months were regulated by the moon, but the solar year is arranged by some other means. - tricenos: the mean lunar period is eleven hours fifty-six minutes short of thirty days, and a year of twelve such months lacks about eleven days of the solar year. Even thirty days to a month does not give quite a full year. solstitiali, etc. : i.e. the year as it brings the sun back to the solstice. - intercalariis mensibus: the Romans inserted months instead of days to regulate the calendar. vicesimo: Livy probably has in his mind the cycle of Meton of nineteen years, in which the sun came back to the same sign of the zodiac from which it started at the beginning. The whole story is no doubt one manufactured in later times. metam, etc.: i.e. the solstice would come at the same date. -plenis spatiis: i.e. the time of the nineteen (or twenty) solar years would be exactly filled out by the months. 7. nefastos: i.e. properly days when it is nefas to hold courts. Livy here refers to days when it was not permitted to hold meetings. These were really different from the unlawful court days, but perhaps not made so until later than this time. -utile, convenient, i.e. for the king and the nobles. The Roman religion was in later times a very convenient political weapon. RELIGIOUS FUNCTIONARIES. 20. sacerdotibus: there were two classes of religious functionaries at Rome, special priests of particular divinities (flamines) and general supervisors of religious matters (pontifices). There was also a rex sacrificulus es tablished after the overthrow of the kings. All religious observances of great antiquity were ascribed to Numa, but some of them evidently |