5 Numae. Vt tamen, quoniam Numa in pace religiones instituisset, a se bellicae caerimoniae proderentur, nec gererentur solum, sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, ius ab antiqua gente Aequiculis, quod nunc fetiales habent, descripsit, quo res repetuntur.

6

Legatus ubi ad fines eorum venit unde res repetuntur, capite velato filo-lanae velamen est-'Audi, Iuppiter' inquit, audite, fines' - cuiuscumque gentis sunt, nominat audiat fas! Ego sum publicus nuntius populi Romani, iuste pieque legatus venio, verbisque meis 7 fides sit.' Peragit deinde postulata. Inde Iovem testem facit: 'Si ego iniuste impieque illos homines illasque

cuiuscumque, etc.: i.e. he adds
Latini or Latinorum, for instance,
to fill out the blank here left.
fas: divine justice personified.
iuste in accordance with recog-
nized precedent; pie: with due
reverence to the gods. The whole
expression indicates that all the pro-
ceedings are regular. — legatus: in
its proper original sense. - fides:
i.e. that he rightly represents his
nation, who sent him, and is not an
unauthorized person.

7. peragit, etc.: this has already been done in the rerum repetitio, but is now formally done again, as it were, to give a last chance to the enemy to comply, and formally to record the cause of war. The whole proceeding is called clarigatio, apparently the making plain the cause, so that there should be no room for question afterwards. iniuste impieque apparently referring to his authority, as iuste pieque, above. homines: the individuals charged with wrong-doing. According to ancient notions, if these were given up, the state was not responsible; otherwise the state made their action its own. res usually the cause of war was some predatory in

res dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse.' Haec cum fines suprascandit, haec 8 quicumque ei primus vir obvius fuerit, haec portam ingrediens, haec forum ingressus paucis verbis carminis concipiendique iuris iurandi mutatis peragit. Si non 9 deduntur quos exposcit, diebus tribus et triginta — tot enim sollemnes sunt-peractis bellum ita indicit: Audi, 10 Iuppiter, et tu, Iuno, Quirine, diique omnes caelestes, vosque terrestres vosque inferni audite! Ego vos testor populum' - illum quicumque est nominat-'iniustum esse neque ius persolvere. Sed de istis rebus in patria maiores natu consulemus quo pacto ius nostrum adipiscamur.' Cum iis nuntius Romam ad consulendum redit. Confestim rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat: 'Qua- 11 rum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus populi Romani Quiritium patri patrato Priscorum Lati

cursion. Later, any form of satisfac-
tion was expressed by res. —
.- dedier:
archaic use of the infinitive after
verbs of asking. — compotem: a
false swearer would be excommuni-
cated, as it were, and cease to be a
citizen. siris archaic shorter
form for siveris. The perfect subj.
is very common in such phrases,
especially with negatives.

8. quicumque: sc. apud eum. carminis: cf. 26. 6 n. — concipiendi: an antique use of the gerundive, apparently retaining something of its simple present passive participle sense, as in iurandi following. It refers to the set form of oath, as in conceptis verbis.

9. sollemnes, regular, i.e. prescribed by the ritual. indicit: this is the religious declaration of war, in accordance with a previous vote of the people; the real one is made by the senate, as in 12.

II. quarum: sc. de eis with censes. Cf. Gr. 307. rerum, etc.: genitive after condixit, in an antiquated, uncertain construction, apparently analogous to the genitive of crime and penalty. rerum: i.e. quae repetuntur; litium, matters in dispute; causarum: used, as in later times, of the subject of dispute more abstractly, just as we say'the cause of the poor.' condixit, conferred, but with the idea of a formal demand, as in the civil law the same word is used of the

plaintiff. pater patratus:

cf.

II

norum hominibusque Priscis Latinis, quas res nec déderunt nec solverunt nec fecerunt, quas res dari solvi fieri oportuit, dic,' inquit ei quem primum sententiam 12 rogabat 'quid censes?' Tum ille 'Puro pioque duello quaerendas censeo itaque consentio consciscoque.' Inde ordine alii rogabantur quandoque pars maior eorum qui aderant in eandem sententiam ibat, bellum erat consensum. Fieri solitum, ut fetialis hastam ferratam aut sanguineam praeustam ad fines eorum ferret et, non minus 13 tribus puberibus praesentibus, diceret 'Quod populi Priscorum Latinorum hominesque Prisci Latini adversus populum Romanum Quiritium fecerunt deliquerunt, quod populus Romanus Quiritium bellum cum Priscis. Latinis iussit esse senatusque populi Romani Quiritium censuit consensit conscivit ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret, ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis Priscorum Latinorum hominibusque Priscis Latinis bellum indico facioque.' Id ubi dixisset, hastam in fines

eorum emittebat. Hoc tum modo ab Latinis repetitae res 14 ac bellum indictum, moremque eum posteri acceperunt. Ancus, demandata cura sacrorum flaminibus sacerdo- 33 tibusque aliis, exercitu novo conscripto, profectus Politorium, urbem Latinorum, vi cepit secutusque morem regum priorum, qui rem Romanam auxerant hostibus in civitatem accipiendis, multitudinem omnem Romam traduxit. Et cum circa Palatium, sedem veterum Roma- 2 norum, Sabini Capitolium atque arcem, Caelium montem Albani implessent, Aventinum novae multitudini datum. Additi eodem haud ita multo post Tellenis Ficanaque captis novi cives.

Politorium inde rursus bello repetitum, quod vacuum 3 occupaverant Prisci Latini; eaque causa diruendae urbis eius fuit Romanis, ne hostium semper receptaculum esset. Postremo omni bello Latino Medulliam compulso, 4 aliquamdiu ibi Marte incerto varia victoria pugnatum est; nam et urbs tuta munitionibus praesidioque firmata valido erat et castris in aperto positis aliquotiens exercitus Latinus comminus cum Romanis signa contulerat. Ad ultimum omnibus copiis conisus Ancus acie 5 primum vincit, inde ingenti praeda potens Romam redit, tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis, quibus, ut iungeretur Palatio Aventinum, ad Murciae datae sedes.

6

Ianiculum quoque` adiectum, non inopia loci, sed ne quando ea arx hostium esset. Id non muro solum, sed etiam ob commoditatem itineris ponte sublicio, tum pri7 mum in Tiberi facto, coniungi urbi placuit. Quiritium quoque fossa, haud parvum munimentum a planioribus 8 aditu locis, Anci regis opus est. Ingenti incremento rebus auctis, cum in tanta multitudine hominum, discrimine recte an perperam facti confuso, facinora clandestina fierent, carcer ad terrorem increscentis audaciae media urbe imminens foro aedificatur.

9

Nec urbs tantum hoc rege crevit, sed etiam ager finesque silva Mesia Veientibus adempta usque ad mare imperium prolatum, et in ore Tiberis Ostia urbs condita, salinae circa factae, egregieque rebus bello gestis aedis Iovis Feretrii amplificata.

34 Anco regnante Lucumo, vir impiger ac divitiis potens, Romam commigravit cupidine maxime ac spe magni

see Gr. 343. N. 2. The region is that of the later Circus Maximus. 6. Ianiculum: being a considerable height directly opposite, it would be a natural stronghold of the Etruscans in case of war. ea: see

Gr. 296. a. — ponte sublicio: a wooden bridge over the Tiber, probably in the place afterwards occupied by the Pons Aemilius. Some remains of it are still shown.

7. fossa: a ditch and rampart along the ground between the Calian and Aventine. It is possible that Livy confounds it with the defence of the same name at Ostia.

8. discrimine, etc.: i.e. the distinction between right and wrong. recte an perperam, etc.: a curious mixture of noun and verb, brought about by compression of a proleptic construction, discrimen facti, utrum recte an perperam factum esset.