35. Quorsus haec; supply 'pertinent,' or 'spectant,' 'why do I quote these cases?'

36. Astutos, 'sharp practices;' literally, 'those who used sharp practices.' 26. 1. Mamerco. It is not known to which of the Mamerci this refers. 2. Praetermissio aedilitatis, 'his refusing to serve as aedile.' The aediles, who were commissioners of public works,' had the superintendence of the public festivals and games, and in this capacity were expected, at their own expense, to give magnificent and costly performances at them, such as shows of gladiators, combats of wild beasts, theatrical performances, &c.

3. Et-et, may best be rendered here either-or.' Faciendum est' refers to the duties of the aediles, implied in aedilitatis.' There is no word expressed which it agrees with.

Bonis viris-approbantibus, with the approval at all events, if not with the desire of honest citizens.'

5. Modo pro facultatibus, 'if only it be in proportion to one's means.' 6. Populari, 'given to the people.'

7. Decumae nomine, under pretence of a tithe.' An offering of a tenth was often made as a kind of thank-offering for great successes or gains, and was expended in treating the populace to shows or feasts.

8. Vitio datum, 'charged as a fault.' 'Vitio' is dative of purpose, or ' dativus rei pro complemento.'

9. Asse modium, 'corn at one "as" the peck;' literally, a peck (of corn) at the price of one as."

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10. Nec turpi-maxima, 'by an expenditure which was neither discreditable, as he was aedile, nor very enormous.' The aediles had charge of

the markets.

13. Quae-continebatur, literally, which was involved in my safety,' i. e. 'whose welfare depended on my life.' This is a specimen of Cicero's vanity. He refers to his saving Rome from Catiline's conspiracy. Clodius was Cicero's chief opponent at the time, and was the proposer of his banishment. Milo proposed Cicero's recall, and was defended by Cicero for having, in the disturbances which arose, murdered Clodius.

14. Causa est, 'it is a good reason for.'

16. Mediocritatis. The order is, 'Mediocritatis (regula) optima regula est,' 'moderation is the best rule.'

17. Q. F., Quinti filius.'

21. Cunctis suffragiis, 'by the votes of all the centuries.' method by which the votes were taken, see Dict. of Ant., Comitia.' 22. Nostro anno, in the year in which I was aedile.'

On the

24. Illae, these,' i. e. the following. 'Illae' means literally, those other' as opposed to those which have been already mentioned.

26. Tanquam in manum datur, 'is given for immediate use.'

28. Verecundius reprehendo, 'I feel more reluctant to blame." Propter Pompeium, because Pompeius, who was the leader of the senatorial party, to which Cicero belonged, had built a theatre, the theatrum Pompeianum.'

30. Non interpretatus, not translated,' i. e. not copied literally. Panaetius wrote in Greek.

33. Propylaea, the ponúλaia (literally, 'buildings in front of the gates,' from pò, múλn) were the entrance to a temple. The famous propylaea formed the entrance to the Acropolis of Athens.

Coniecerit, subjunctive, as being Demetrius' reason, and so a sort of ' oratio obliqua.'

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27. 1. Legem-trientibus, 'a law to oblige the state to sell corn to the people at of an 'as:'''semissis' an 'as,' 'triens', together. Saturninus was a demagogue, and, to gratify the populace, proposed that corn should be sold below the market price.

2. Id temporis, 'at that time:' so 'hoc noctis,'' at this time of night,' id aetatis,'' of such an age.' The accusative in these phrases is apparently an irregular use of the accusative of respect. See Zumpt. Lat. Gr. § 459. 'Temporis' is a partitive genitive.

5. Videri, that they considered.'

6. Intercedere, 'put their veto on the measure.'

7. Cistellam detulit, 'commenced taking the votes ;' literally, 'brought down the ballot-box.' S. C., senatus consultum.'

9. Pontes were narrow passages over which the voters passed one by one to put their votes into the cistae.

10. Quo secius, equivalent to 'quo minus;' 'secus' means (1) ‘otherwise,' (2) otherwise than is right,' 'badly;' then 'secius,' ' worse,'' less,' ' non secius,''none the less.'

28. 2. Qui-praeclarum, 'who thinks it a fine thing to be called rich.' 6. Gemmae et auri. Of the ring on his finger. 'Auri' is the gold ring, 'gemmae' the precious stone set in it.

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7. Puerum hunc unum, this his only attendant.' He wishes to make it appear that he has several.

II. Lectuli sternantur, 'to see that the dinner-table is got ready.' 12. Aethiops, 'a black slave.'

13. Asturconi, ‘a Spanish jennet;' literally, a horse of Asturian breed, Asturia in Spain being famous for its breed of horses.

14. Choragium, 'opportunity for gaining,' from the Greek xopnyía, supply of anything.'

15. Ut diligenter numeretur, impersonal, 'that all the bills be carefully paid.'

17. Illo, thither,' i. e. 'home,' a less common form than 'illuc.'

20. Dum peregrinatur, 'when he was on his travels.' Observe the present tense with 'dum,' even after a pluperfect.

21. Sane conturbatur, 'is really in a fix,' as having boasted to them, when with them, of his wealth at home, and not knowing how to avoid being detected.

22. Bene facitis quum venitis, 'I am very glad you are come.' 23. Recta; supply via,'' straight to my house.'

24. At istud-invenire, 'well, but you might easily have learnt that from any one.' Facile fuit, where we should expect esset,' because, like 'debeo,' 'possum,' &c., the easiness, fitness, possibility &c. remain facts, even though they were not put into action. See Zumpt, Lat. Gr. § 518. This is an idiom to be noticed.

27. Cuiusmodi frumenta sint, how the crops are.'

28. Accedere, 'go there,' i. e. into the country.

30. Coepi insanire, a sudden change to the oratio recta, 'I have begun,' says he, to make a fool of myself."

31. Sodalitium, a dinner party,' a meeting of sodales,' boon-companions.

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32. Pro notitia domini, 'on the score of his acquaintance with the owner.' 34. Argentum, the plate.'

36. Si velit exire, perhaps he would be good enough to go;' literally, if he be willing to go out.' Cp. § 12. 67. Itane, indeed.'

38. Decuma; supply 'hora,'' at four o'clock.'

43. Angiporto toto deerrasse, had made a mistake of a whole street.' Angiporto' is abl. of measure. He tries to make them believe

that they had gone to the wrong house.

44. Ad noctem multam, till late at night.'

45. Corrogaret, borrow from all quarters.'

50. Apage=Gr. άmaye, and is used either absolutely, or with an acc. Here with 'te' it means literally, 'away with you;' like our 'go to.' Familiam, my servants,' 'my establishment.'

52. Samiis, earthenware.'

55. Annuo sermone, 'were I to talk for a year.'

29. 2. Iste, the man before you.' This is an imaginary specimen of a narrative addressed to a jury.

5. Quin mihi praesto fit? literally, why does he not present himself to me?' i. e. 'let him present himself at once.'

10. Exstinguere exstinctos, 'to annihilate further those already annihilated,' like the English expression to slay the slain.'

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12. Auribus meis opplorare, 'to vex my ears with your wailings.' 27. Examplexare, embrace his knees,' as a token of submission and supplication for life.

29. Quae curanda sunt cura, 'mind your own business.'

30. Tu cessas-eripere? Why don't you at once take away my life?' cp. Terence Andr. 2. 2, 6 ́ Cessas adloqui?' 'Why don't you speak to him at once?' Heaut. 3. I, I 'Cesso pulsare ostium ?'Let me knock at the door at once.' 'Tu' is addressed to his enemy, the 'iste' of the narrative.

32. Videlicet, 'no doubt.' Quod esset, such as would be:''quod' is consecutive and therefore is followed by a subjunctive.

30. 1. Magnum ingenium-urbanis: translate, L. Lucullus, in spite of all his great natural endowments, all his diligent application to the highest arts, and though he had acquired all liberal learning worthy of a man of noble birth, yet, at the age at which he might most have distinguished himself in the forum, was altogether cut off from civil occupations.'

5. Pietate, sense of filial duty.'

6. Paternas inimicitias. His first appearance in public life was as the accuser of the augur Servilius, who had procured the banishment of his father, but had in his turn laid himself open to a criminal charge. This species of retaliation was looked upon with much favour at Rome'. Dict. of Biogr. Lucullus.'

7. Quaestor. He was Sulla's quaestor in the first war with Mithridates 88 to 84 B. C. and was then left behind by Sulla in charge of the province, when he returned to Rome. Lucullus remained there till 80 B. C.

9. Licebat enim celerius legis praemio, for he was allowed by a special law (legis praemio') to stand before the proper time.'

13. Non modo-superiorum, outshone not only the opinion which was universally held of his great qualities, but the glory of all his predecessors.' 15. Laus imperatoria, eminence as a commander.'

17. In Asiae pace, 'in the peaceful province of Asia.' Asia here, as

usually in Cicero's time, means the Roman province of Asia, that which had been the kingdom of Pergamus, the north-western part of Asia Minor. 19. Non desideravit, 'did not miss,' feel the loss of.' Indocilem usus disciplinam, the training of experience which no teaching can supply.' 22. Factus imperator, a ready-made general.'

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23. Divinam, superhuman.'

24. Verborum maiorem, though Hortensius surpassed him in verbal memory.'

26. In Themistocle. See above, Sect. i, § 15.

27. Principem Graeciae, the greatest man that Greece produced.' 34. Monumentis mandare, 'to record.'

37. Totiusque belli, and military equipment and organisation in general.' Ille rex. Mithridates.

41. Stet, flourishes.'

44.. Tanta-ingenii, all these eminent qualities and talents.' Peregrinata, ' remained abroad.'

47. Calumnia, 'the intrigues.' 48. Nos consules.

Lucullus' triumph was celebrated in 63 B.C., the

year of Cicero's consulship.

Introduximus paene, 'may almost be said to have escorted.'

49. Cujus-profuisset. Cujus' is to be resolved into et ejus.' Translate, and of how great service his advice was to me:''profuisset,' is in plup. subj. because dependent on 'dicendum esset.' The direct sentence would be 'dicendum est quid profuerit.' When 'est' is changed to 'esset,' 'profuerit' naturally become 'profuisset.'

53. Communicem, combine it.'

56. Haec interiora, 'his more private merits :''haec' referring to those which he proceeds to enumerate.

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60. Nec vero-solum, and that too not only.'

Pro quaestore, when serving as pro-quaestor.' So 'pro consule,' a proconsul, pro praetore,' a pro-praetor. The compounded substantives are later forms.

63. Sub ipsis pellibus, even in his tent.' Cp. Liv. 5. 24 sub pellibus durare: Caes. B. G. 3. 13 'sub pellibus hiemare,' 'to winter under canvass.' 66. Quumque esset-potuisset, and, having such a memory as 1 have recorded above, he easily learnt by hearing over and over again, what he could have (would have been able to have) remembered, by hearing

even once.'

'Audire' is

Cp. de Off.

69. De quibus audiebat, on which he heard lectures.' used absolutely for being a pupil of a philosopher or lecturer. 1. I 'te, Marce fili annum jam audientem Cratippum,' 'who have now been Cratippus' pupil for a year.'

71. Personarum, 'characters.'

75. Earum rerum disputationem, 'the discussion of such subjects.' Non ita, 'not particularly.'

76. Quum acceperim, 'having heard.'

So. Nec-requiro, am at no loss for an example (for the study of) either Greek or philosophy.' For the meaning of 'auctor' see note on Sect. i, § 1; here it means 'one whose example will justify the pursuit.'

SECTION III.

STORIES CONNECTED WITH OMENS

AND DREAMS.

I