goes with locis aequioribus. For sequi used absolutely instances are not wanting (J. 55. 8, insequi J. 50. 5). But can in fuga mean as Jacobs-Wirz puts it si fuga hostium facta esset—' if Catiline should take to flight'-the explanation suggested by Kortte and followed by Kritz and others? There is 2. 9 in magna copia rerum, 35. 2 in novo consilio, J. 14. 11 in imperio vostro, 31. 24 in tam divorsis mentibus-but always with an adjective. But were it possible, should we have the right sense? Dietsch (1859) suggested expeditus impeditos in fuga. Ritschl prefers tardatos, thinking the antithesis too forced. (But Sisenna writes inermos armati, impeditos expediti...interficiunt.) The sense then will be-Not only was the way barred in one direction by Metellus, but Antonius too was close upon him in another, and no wonder, for Antonius had an army large enough to allow him to hurry on disregarding stragglers, and could move quickly in pursuit over level ground, while Catiline in his flight was struggling over rough mountain paths.

5. praesidi] The 'reinforcements' which he expected from Rome, cp. 58. 4 dum ex urbe praesidia opperior.

Ch. 58, 1. neque ex ignavo] The first neque not connective, but the clause it introduces gives an explanation without copula. 2. 3, 11. 3.

2. patere] in a different sense below, § 9; here to be displayed'.

3. advocavi] not 'I have summoned you'—but hist. perf. quo...ut the same variation in 33. 1.

5. quo loco] Some, but not the best, MSS have quo in loco. This is the only place where locus is used in a figurative sense in S. Caesar and Livy would perhaps put the preposition in this phrase, Cicero not. When loco is accompanied with a relative or demonstrative pronoun, idem, or ullus, S. puts the preposition elsewhere.

iuxta mecum omnes intellegitis] Iuxta mecum is found only in Plautus. Fronto takes the phrase from S. when he writes iuxta mecum scire and iuxta cum eo carere balneo-either an archaic or conversational phrase.

9. si vincimus] Cp. si metu cesserimus below—'if we win, as we mean to'.

commeatus abunde] Commeatus is not the genitive (21.1 quibus mala abunde omnia erant. J. 63. 2 alia omnia abunde erant), and is singular (J. 43. 3 conmeatum affatim, sc. parare), and erit must be supplied, as esse in Or. Mac. 26 abunde libertatem rati quia tergis abstinetur.

11. non eadem nobis et illis necessitudo impendet] Kritz says we have a kind of zeugma, for the sense is quae nobis impendet necessitudo illis nulla est. Is it not rather: they are in arms under the orders of others fighting in a cause which is not their own?

17. audacia pro muro habetur] Cp. 1. 4 virtus clara aeternaque habetur.

20. nam] Supply ‘don't be alarmed at their superior numbers for'.

The battle of Pistoria was fought at the beginning of the year 692 (62). Dio 37. 39 év áρxî ev¤ùs Toû TOUS. According to the rectified calendar that would be probably about the beginning of December. Cic. p. Sest. 5. 12 claims for his client that had it not been for his energy datus illo in bello esset hiemi locus, and cp. Cic. in Cat. 2. 10. 23 num suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi. quemadmodum autem illis carere poterunt his praesertim iam noctibus (on 9 Nov. by the old calendar the days were then shortening).

Ch. 59, 1. signa canere iubet] Signa is probably here subject to canere as in J. 94. 5: in J. 99. 1 Sall. gives both constructions iubet, ne signa quidem canere and tubicines signa canere iubet.

exaequato periculo] See note on 3. 2 facta dictis exaequanda sunt.

2. nam uti planities erat inter sinistros montes et ab dextera rupe aspera] aspera is acc. plur. neut.=aspera loca (for substantival use of aspera J. 89. 3 maiora et magis aspera aggredi tempus visum est). Ab dextera rupe go together and correspond to sinistros montes. For ab in this sense H. 1. 8 omni Gallia in Rhenum atque inter mare nostrum et Oceanum, nisi qua a paludibus invia fuit, perdomita: and for the whole clause H. 2. 18 inter laeva moenia (so Dietsch for moenium) et dextrum flumen Turiam. 'There was a plain lying between hills on the left and ground rendered rough by rocks on the right'. (Jacobs-Wirz explains ab dextera (erant) loca propter rupem aspera'; Herzog makes aspera agree with planities; Merivale reads rupes.)

3. centuriones omnis, lectos et evocatos, praeterea ex gregariis militibus optumum quemque] Are four classes enumerated, as the older commentators supposed? Then how do for instance the lecti differ from optimum quemque? Or are there three classes-centuriones, evocati, gregarii optimi as Kritz

and Jacobs explain? Then the evocati who are not centurions are surely gregarii, and would Sall. write a, b, praeterea c' and not rathera, praeterea b, ad hoc c'? Or finally two only? That seems the most probable. But should the comma come before omnis (as Kvíčala), or after (as Jordan)? Better perhaps after. 'All the centurions-picked men who had served their time'. Evocatos is not to be taken too literally, nor omnis either. Catiline could not stop to call out reservemen regularly, nor were every single one of the centurions put into the first line. (But it is impossible to suppose that evocatos is not used in its technical sense at all, that it means merely as Lallier says 'appelés hors de rangs'.)

Faesulanum quendam] Perhaps P. Furius 50. 4.

curare] of military command does not appear to occur before Sallust, but is common afterwards. In S. it is always accompanied by some words of place, and it is generally used absolutely, though once for variety's sake it has an object. J. 100. 2 Sulla cum equitatu apud dextumos, in sinistra parte A. Manlius cum funditoribus et sagittariis, praeterea cohortis Ligurum curabat. Tacitus often gives the word an object. Cura which Tacitus employs of subordinate military command (Hist. 2. 24 curam peditum Paulinus equitum Celsus sumpsere) is not used by S.

calonibus] P has colonibus, and as mistakes between, e.g. omnibus and omnis, civis civibus, Carthaginiensis and Carthaginiensibus, are not rare, it is not improbable that colonis is the true reading here.

propter] only here in S. in local sense.

aquilam] Cic. in Cat. 1. 9. 24 aquilam illam argenteam... cui domi tuae sacrarium scelerum tuorum constitutum fuit.

4. C. Antonius pedibus aeger] with feigned gout? Dio 37. 39...προσκαταδείσας, μή πως προθύμως σφᾶς ἀγωνιζομένους ἰδὼν ἐξονειδίσῃ τι καὶ προσενέγκῃ οἱ τῶν ἀποῤῥήτων, αὐτὸς μὲν vooεiv Tрoepaoloaro. Mommsen says it was a side-object of S. to whitewash the triumvir's uncle. His remarks on him in 21. 3 are not however very flattering.

5. tumultus causa] Dietsch accepts the tumulti of one MS, not being sure whether the unusual or old-fashioned forms found here and there in a few or a single MS are due to the officiousness of scribes or whether these old forms have been for the most part cleared away by the scribes. But the explanation of the use of senati does not apply here, for tumulti causa cannot surely be a formula.

inermis] S. uses the older form inermus about as often, J. 66. 3, etc.

6. homo militaris] Cp. 45. 2—an experienced soldier.

Ch. 60, 1. iubet] After giving the signal for advance, Petreius adds the command to go slowly-paulatim is emphatic. Kritz and others put a comma after iubet-when P. had the signal sounded and ordered the cohorts to advance slowly, the enemy's army does the same.

2. cum infestis signis] The cum is very unusual, but seems to be employed because of the preceding maxumo clamore.

5. tendere] for contendere; cp. Cic. ad Att. 16. 5. 3 itaque dubito an Venusiam tendam, and the poets.

Ch. 61, 1. confecto proelio tum vero cerneres] Cp. 25. 3 pecuniae an famae minus parceret, haud facile discerneres.

2. vivos] F. Vogel proposes to strike out vivos on these grounds. 1. Florus writes 2. 12. 1, clearly from Sallust, quem quis in pugnando ceperat locum eum amissa anima corpore tegebat: Catilina longe a suis inter hostium cadavera repertus est. 2. A scholiast on Lucan quotes the passage without vivos. 3. The MSS do not agree as to its position. He suggests therefore that it got in here from § 4 below, quam habuerat vivos. In face of this it cannot be denied that the word is suspicious; but the sentence could ill dispense with a contrast to amissa anima.

pugnando] For the use of the gerundive see 7. 7 pugnando.

3. divorsius] The alis alibi stantes which appears in Dietsch's text after this word (see critical notes), Jordan rightly takes to be a confusion with 60. 5 alios alibi resistentis.

4. etiam] still' as in 14. 5, molles etiam et fluxi (as should there be read) and Verg. A. 6. 485.

7. incruentam] S. seems to be the first writer to use this word. It occurs afterwards in Livy and Tacitus.

strenuissumus quisque] The superlative comes from Cato, who has also arduissumus perpetuissumus. Tacitus is perhaps imitating Sallust in H. 4. 69 strenuissimi cuiusque.

9. laetitia maeror luctus atque gaudia agitabantur] Cp. 48. 1 gaudium atque laetitia, J. 14. 15 cum maerore et luctu. Laetitia is a stronger word than gaudium, maeror than luctus— see the definitions in Cic. T. D. 4. 6. 13 and 4. 8. 18 luctus= aegritudo ex eius qui carus fuerit interitu acerbo, maeror=

aegritudo flebilis. Luctus is 'mourning for the dead', maeror 'grief which expresses itself in tears'. Laetitia is defined in Gellius (2. 27. 3) exultatio quaedam animi gaudio efferuentior euentu rerum expetitarum, and J. 60. 2 clamor permixtus hortatione laetitia gemitu is instructive. For gaudia outbursts of joy' cp. Plaut. Paenul. 5. 4. 120 cum hac me laetitia tanta et tantis adfecistis gaudiis. Cic. in Cat. 1. 10. 26 hic tu qua laetitia perfruere? quibus gaudiis exultabis? Liv. 22. 7 feminarum praecipue et gaudia insignia erant et luctus, 'So through all the army there was a varied stir of exultation, lamentation, mourning and rejoicing'.-Sallust lavishes his favourite ita, chiasmus, and agitari on the concluding sentence.