50. A conftant Determination to a Purfuit of Happinefs, 51. The Neceffity of purfuing true Happiness, the Founda- 52. The Reafon of it. 53. Government of our Paffions, the right Improvement 54, 55. How Men come to purfue different Courses. 57. Firft, From bodily Pains. Secondly. From wrong 58, 59. Our Judgment of present Good or Evil, always 60. From a wrong Judgment of what makes a neceffary 61, 62. A more particular Account of wrong Judgments. 64, 65. Causes of this. 66. In confidering Confequences of Actions. 68. Wrong Judgment of what is neceffary to our Happi- nefs. 69% We can change the Agreeablenefs or Difagreeablenefs 70, 71, 72, 73. Preference of Vice to Virtue, a manifeft CHAP. XXII. Of mixed Modes. SECT. I. Mixed Modes, what. 2. Made by the Mind. 3. Sometimes got by the Explication of their Names. 5. The Cause of making mixed modes. 6. Why Words in one Language have none answering in 7. And Languages change. 8. Mixed Modes, where they exist. 9. How we get the Ideas of mixed Modes. 10. Motion, Thinking, and Power, have been most modified. 12. Mixed Modes, made also of other Ideas. SECT. CHAP. XXIII. Of the complex Idea of Subflances. 1. Ideas of Substances how made. 4. No clear Idea of Substance in general. 7. Powers a great part of our complex Ideas of Subitances. 9. Three forts of Ideas make our complex ones of Sub- 10, 11. The now fecondary Qualities of Bodies would dif- 12. Our Faculties of Discovery suited to our state. 14. Complex Ideas of Subftances. 15. Idea of Spiritual Subftances, as clear as of bodily Sub- 16. No Idea of abstract Subftance. 17. The Cohefion of folid Parts, and Impulfe, the primary 18. Thinking and Motivity, the primary Ideas of Spirit. 22. Idea of Soul and Body compared. 23-27. Cohesion of folid Parts in Body, as hard to be con- 28, 29. Communication of Motion by Impulfe, or by 30. Ideas of Body and Spirit compared. 31. The Notion of Spirit involves no more difficulty in it 32. We know nothing beyond our fimple Ideas. 36. No Idea in our complex one of Spirit, but those got 37. Recapitulation. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THOMAS, EARL OF PEMBROKE AND MONTGOMERY, Baron HERBERT, of Cardiff, Lord Ross, of Kendal, Par, Fitzhugh, Marmion, St. Quintin, and Shurland; Lord Prefident of His Majefty's most honourable Privy Council, and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Wilts, and of South Wales. MY LORD, THIS HIS treatife, which is grown up under your Lordship's eye, and has ventured into the world by your order, does now, by a natural kind ef right, come to your Lord hip for that protection, which you feveral years tince promised it. It is not that I think any name, how great foever, fet at the beginning of a book, will be able to cover the faults that are to be found in it. Things in print muft ftand and fall by their own worth, or the reader's fancy But there being nothing more to be defired for truth, than a fair, unprejudiced heating, nobody is more likely to procure me that, than your Lordship, who are allowed to have got fo intimate an acquaintance with her, in her more retired receffes. Your Lordship is known to have fo far advanced your ipeculations in the most abstract and general knowledge of things, beyond the ordinary reach, or common methods, that your allowance and approbation of the design of this treatife, will at least preserve it from being condemned without reading; and wili prevail to have those parts a little weighed, which might otherwile, perhaps, be thought to deserve no consideration, for being fomewhat out of the common road. The imputation of novelty is a terrible charge amongst those who judge of men's heads, as they do of their perukes, by the fashion; and can allow none to be right, but the received doctrines Truth fcarce.ever yet carried it by vote any where at its first appearance new opinions are always fufpected and ufually oppofed, without any other reafon, but because they are not already common. But truth, like gold, is not the lefs fo for being newly brought out of the mine. It is trial and examination muft give it price, and not any antique fashion: and though it be not yet current by the public ftamp: yet it may, for all that, be as old as nature, and is certainly not the lefs genuine. Your Lordship can give great and convincing inftances of this, whenever you pleafe to oblige the public with some of those large and comprehensive difcoveries you have made of truths hitherto unknown, unless to fome few, from whom your Lordship has been pleafed not wholly to conceal them. This alone were a. fufficient reafon, were there no other, why I fhould dedicate this Effay to your Lordship; and its having fome little correfpondence with fome parts of that nobler and vast system of the fciences your Lordthip has made fo new, exact, and inftructive a draught of, I think it glory enough, if your Lordship permit me to boast, that here and there I have fallen into fome thoughts not wholly different from yours. If your Lordship think fit, that, by your encouragement, this should appear in the world, I hope it may be a reafon, fome time or other, to lead your Lordship farther, and you will allow me to fay, that you here give the world an earnest of fomething, that, if they can bear with this, will be truly worth their expectation. This, my Lord, thows what a prefent I here make to your Lordship; juft fuch as the poor man does to his rich and great neighbour, by whom the basket of flowers, or fruit is not ill taken, though he has more plenty of his own growth, and in inuch greater perfection. Worthlefs things receive a value, when they are made the offerings of relpect, efteem, and gratitude: thefe you have given me fo mighty and peculiar reafons to have, in the higheft degree, for your Lordship, that if they can add a price to what they go along with, proportionable to their own greatnefs, I can with confidence brag, 1 here make your Lordship. the richest present you ever received This I am fure, I am under the greateft obligations to feek all occations to acknowl. edge a long train of favours I have received from your Lordfhip favours, though great and important in themselves, yet made much more fo by the forwardnefs, concern, and kindness,. and other obliging circumstances, that never failed to accompany them. To all this you are pleased to add that which gives yet more weight and relish to all the rest: you vouchfafe to continue me in fome degrees of your efteem, and allow me a place in your good thoughts. I had almoft faid friendfhip This, my Lord, your words and actions fo conftantly thow on all occafions, even to others when I am abfent, that it is not vanity in me to mention what every body knows: but it would be want of good manners, not to acknowledge what fo many are witnelfes of, and every day tell me, 1 am indebt-. 1ed to your Lordship for 1 with they could as eafily allift my gratitude, as they convince me of the great and growing engagements it has to your Lordship. This, I am fure, I should write of the Understanding without having any, if I were not extremely fenfible of them, and did not lay hold on this opporunity to testify to the world, how much I am obliged to be,. and how much I am, DORSET COURT, May 24, 1689. My LORD, Your Lordfhip's " moft humble, and moft Obedient Servant, JOHN LOCKE: |