Page

cerem (I should regard). 17. Loco, sc. in, which is often omitted 21 with this word. A. & S. 2 254, Rem. 2; H. 422, 1, 1); B. 937, 2; A. 55, III. 5. 18. Fecissem, I should do, because it represents a fut. perf. of the direct discourse, i. e. Micipsa said, "Si ea feceris." See references, line 31, p. 16. 19. Me habiturum (esse), that I would have.

19-39. Quae praecepta, these precepts. 20. Agitarem, I was acting out: subjunct. in narration. A. & S. ? 263, 5, Rem. 2; H. 518, II. 1; B. 1244; A. 62, I., in fin. 21. Sustinet, bears, supports, "with a notion of difficulty and pain." M. 23. Et-socium, and even by lineage an ally. 24. Regno, ablat. of separation, but depending on ex in composition. 25. Eo miseriarum, to this degree of misery. See note on eo magnitudinis, line 19, p. 13. Venturus eram = I was destined to come. The active periphrastic form denotes intention, destination. A. & S. 2 162, 14; H. 228; B. 328; A. 40, I. 26. Vellem, I could wish. The imperfect expresses a wish whose realization is now impossible. A. & S. 2 260, II., Rem. 2; A. 60, 2. 27. Beneficia, services. Possem, that I were able. What conjunction is omitted? A. & S. 3 262, Rem. 4; H. 493, 2; B. 1204, in fin.; A. 64, IV. But many editors here read posse. 28. Maxume, particularly, above all. Deberi beneficia, that services were due. Volo admits either (1) the subjunctive with ut or ne, or (2) the infinitive with a subject accusative; and both constructions are here used together. A. & S. ? 271, Rem. 4; H. 551, II. 2, 2); B. 1140 and 1204. 29. Quibus, ablat. A. & S. Z 250, 2, (2); H. 419, III.; B. 907; A. 54, VI. Secundum ea next to this, or, after that, ea referring to beneficia. Order: uti uterer debitis (sc. beneficiis, that I might avail myself of services due to me), si desideranda erant. Si desideranda erant (if they had to be desired), stronger than si desideranda essent in case they should be desired. 30. Parum tuta, not safe enough, not sufficiently secure. 31. Neque fuit, and it was not in my power (to effect). The words to effect are not so much to be supplied as they form part of the meaning of the idiom in manu alicujus esse to be in one's power; just as how forms part of the meaning of scio vincere, I know how to overcome. 32. Foret, would be: subjunct. of indirect quest. A. & S. 2 265; H. 525; B. 1182; A. 67, I. 36. Societatem vostram: an alliance with you. 37. Bello, ablat. of time when. 38. Quo tempore (lit. at what time) at a time when.

refers to populo. plied in familia.

eo tempore quo,

39. Fides ejus, their good faith, fidelity. Ejus Quorum: = their, agrees with the plural idea im

Page

22

1-19. Order: nolite, patres conscripti, pati me, quorum (their) progeniem, nepotem Masinissae, etc. 3. Nihil causae no cause, but, more exactly, nihil causae =not a particle of reason, while nulla causano substantial reason. 4. Paulo, though often treated as an adv. here, is properly ablat. of deg. of diff. after ante. A. & S. ? 256, Rem. 16, and (3); H. 418; B. 929 and 930; A. 54, V., in fin. Genere, by birth, descent: ablat. denoting in what respect (of specification). 6. Alienas opes the aid of strangers, foreign aid. Erat (for esset), it would become (belong to), just as we sometimes say in English "it had been better" for "it would have been better." A. & S. 259, Rem. 3, (c) and (d); H. 475, 2; B. 1274; A. 59, IV. 2, in med.; Madvig, 348, e. Majestatis, the majesty : possessive predicate gen. A. & S. 2 211, Rem. 8, (3); H. 402, I.; B. 780; A. 50, I. 1. 7. Neque pati, and not to allow. 9. Finibus, ablat. of separation, depending on e in composition. 12. Mihi, from me. A. & S. ? 224, Rem. 2; H. 386, 2; B. 829; A. 51, V., in fin. 13. Vos. The pronoun is used because it is emphatic. Eheu-miserum, Ah miserable me! A. & S. 2 238, 2; H. 381; B. 725; A. 52, V. 14. Huccine (: huc+cene interrogative), to this. 16. Potissimum, most of all, above all others. 17. Sit, is. Why not esset? Because evasere is a perf. definite. A. & S. 2 258, I. 1; B. 480 and 481, I.; B. 1163–4; A. 57, 1 and 2. 18. Versabitur, will it (always) be engaged? 19. Jure, reasonably, for we could expect nothing less.

=

20-39. Ab latere, on our side =on our border. 22. Agitabamus = we enjoyed. Quippe quis (for quibus) = quippe nobis (dat. of the possessor), introducing a relative clause expressing a reason. Translate, because we had no enemy. See A. & S. § 264, 8, (2) in fin.; H. 519, and 3,1), in fin.; B. 1251 and 1253. 23. Nisi forte, etc. Because nations dependent upon Rome might be called upon for aid. 25. Audacia, ablat. of description (quality); scelere, ablat. of manner. Sese efferens = rising. 26. Eodem, lit. the same (i. e. fratre meo); but often with the force of also. 27. Order: primum fecit ejus regnum praedam sui sceleris. Sui refers to Jugurtha. A. & S. 2 208; H. 449, I.; B. 1020; A. 19, II., in fin. 29. In, under. 30. Patria, ablat. of separation. 31. Ut essem, 80 that I should be. 34. Qui-colerent. Greater prominence is given to the relative clause by placing it before the antecedent one. Colerent is subjunct. in oratio obliqua. 35. Suscipere, undertook. 36. In in the power of. 37. Uti adesset, that it aided, serves as a definition of praestitit. 38. Per otium, in (time of) peace. 39. Tertium, that the third, is subject accus. of conjunctum fore.

Page

1-19. Conjunctum fore, (lit. would have been united) would be 23 united with us. This rare form is usually called a fut. perf. infin. A. & S. 2 268, Rem. 4, (b); H. 544, 2; B. 1134; Z. 2 594; M. & 410, Obs. 2. 3. Impias, i. e. non pias, and pietas includes the duties of children to parents. Agam, shall I do: subjunct. of deliberation. A. & S. 2 260, II., Rem. 5; H. 486, II.; B. 1180; A. 60, 3; Z. 530. 6. Minume, least of all. 8. Meos belongs equally to adfines, amicos, and propinquos. Alium-oppressit =one disaster or another has crushed. As nearly a literal rendering as the idiom admits, is, disaster has crushed my relatives, my friends, my kinsmen, (one disaster one,) another another. Capti, taken, agrees with the plural idea implied in pars, some (construction according to sense, synĕsis); so acti sunt. 10. Tenebris, i. e. in dungeons. 11. Morte, than death. A. & S. 2 256, 2; H. 417; B. 895; A. 54, V. 12. Exigunt, drag out. Ex necessariis, from being friendly, lit. related, i. e. the result of relationship. 13. Facta sunt, have become: repeat quae for its subject. Manerent, implorarem. What time does the imperf. subj. denote in potăsis and apodosis? A. & S. 261, 1; H. 510, 1; B. 1267; A. 59, IV. 2. 14. Quid mali = any misfortune: partitive gen. 15. Quibus curae esse. A. & S. 2 227; H. 390, I.; B. 848; A. 51, VII. Pro, considering, befitting. 16. Jus, that justice (right), is subject accus. of esse, should be. 17. Patria, ablat. governed by de understood. Honestarum rerum, honorable things things suitable to my rank. A. & S. 2 220, 2; H. 409, 1; B. 910; A. 50, IV. 5. 19. Nationesne an, the nations or.

=

=

20-39. Quoquam, an adv. 21. Ubi sint there are. Hence sint subjunct. of result.

=

ut ibi sint, where For the principle, see B. 1218-20; A. 65, I.

=

A. & S. 2 264, 1, (a); H. 500 and 501, I.; 22. Nostri, us. A. & S. ? 215; H. 406, I.; B. 783; A. 50, IV. 3. 23. Aliquando, at any time, ever. 24. Instituit, instructed, trained. 25. Ne quem (= nequem), that — no one. 26. Societates, alliances. 27. Nobis fore (that there would be to us): that we would have. 28. Huic imperio, for this empire (government): dat. of disadvantage. Una esse=we must fall along with it. In translating such impersonal forms, either of the two following ways may generally be adopted: the dative of the agent (nobis) may be translated as if it were the subject, we must fall, etc.; or we may form a subject out of the substantive idea implied in the verb (here "fall"); the fall must be made by us along with it. See A. & S. ? 184, 2, (b); H. 388, in fin.; B. 1308; A. 40, II., in fin. 29. Virtute, by your energy. 30. Quo, on which account, wherefore: ablat.

Page

23 of cause. 31. Tantum, only. 32. Quos, some, any indef. pron. from quis. 33. Parum, not sufficiently. Transvorsos, astray. Quos, who subject accus. of niti (are laboring, exerting themselves). 34. Maxuma ope=with all their might. Vos singulos you one by one, one after another. 35. Quid, anything. Absente, sc. Jugurtha. Incognita causa, the case not having been investigated without trial. Fingere me (depends on the word of saying implied in fatigare) = that I utter feigned. 36. Cui licuerit (subjunct. in oratio obliqua), lit. to whom it was permitted. 37. Quod is properly accus. of specification, lit. as to which, but may be rendered but. 39. Videam, I may see. What does the tense decide in regard to the realization of the wish? A. & S. ? 263, 1, and Rem.; H. 488, II. 1, and 2; B. 1195 and 1196; A. 68, I. Aliquando, at length.

24

2-18. Ne, yes, often written nae, the Greek vai: a different word from ne interrogative. Ille reddat, let him suffer (lit. pay back); subjunct. of wish, or optative subjunct. A. & S. 2 260, II., Rem. 6; H. 487; B. 1193; A. 68, I. 3. Order: excruciatus omnibus malis reddat graves poenas impietatis (for his impiety) in nostrum parentem, necis mei fratris, etc. 5. Jam jam, assuredly. M. "Antiqua dicendi forma." 6. Tibi immaturo, from thee prematurely. The adjective in Latin must sometimes be rendered as an adv. 7. Unde, the relative adv.: =a quo, by whom.

(Tibi vita erepta est

ab eo a quo minume decuit [it was least of all becoming] vitam tibi ereptam esse.) Laetandum (esse). 11. Amisisti (you have lost), cannot be said of fugam, with which it must be rendered you have avoided. What is zeugma? A. & S. § 323, 1, (2), (a); H. 704, I. 2 ; B. 1378, 2d. 12. Patrio, my father's. 13. Agam, I shall do: indirect question. Persequar, I shall avenge. 14. Ipse, I myself. Auxili=auxilii. A. & S. ? 220, 3; H. 409, 1; B. 910. Regno consulam, (I shall) consult the welfare of my kingdom. When does consulo govern the dative? A. & S. ? 223, Note, 1, (a); H. 385, 3; B. 836; A. 51, IV. Cujus (referring to ipse) limits vitae, which limits potestas. 16. Emori, to die, is subject of esset, might be. Honestus, an honorable. Neu, and that— not, after ut (in utinam), is used for et ne. A. & S. ? 262, Rem. 7, Note 4. 17. Concessissem, I had yielded. 18. Lubet is the older form of libet.

21-39. Ite injuriae resist injustice. A. & S. 2 228, 1; H. 392, II.; B. 870; A. 51, I. 24. Loquendi limits finem. 25. Largitione, on bribery. A. & S. ? 244; H. 419, IV.; B. 919; A. 54, IV. Paucis, sc. verbis. 26. Hiempsalem to ponerent (line 31), oratio obliqua. Notice (1) that declarative sentences have their verbs in

Page

the infinitive with a subject accus., and (2) dependent sentences 24 have their verbs in the subjunctive. 27. Interfectum (esse). 30. Alium ac, other than. Numantiae, at Numantia: gen. of place. 31. Neu ponerent, and that they (the senate) would not place. 32. Curia, from the senate-house: ablat. gov. by e in composition. There were several curiae in Rome, as the Curia Hostilia, Curia Julia, Curia Marcelli, etc. 34. Gratia depravata, corrupted by their influence. Contemnere, historical infin. 36. Pro alieno, in behalf of another's. 37. Quasi pro sua gloria. 38. Contra, on the other hand. Bonum et aequum, the good and the fair-goodness and fairness the abstract for the concrete. Divitiis, than riches: ablat. gov. by the comparative carius. 39. Subveniundum (esse sibi). The student should endeavor to gain a clear idea of the nature and meaning of this construction, which is of very frequent occurrence in Latin writers. Let him observe (1) that esse is necessary to complete the verbal form the passive periphrastic: A. & S. 162, 15; H. 229; B. 329; A. 40, II.; (2) that sibi is required to indicate the agent, in the dative case: A. & S. 2 225, III.; H. 388, I.; B. 847; A. 51, VIII; (3) that the verb is here, as it frequently is, used impersonally, i. e. without a subject accus., both verb and subject being expressed by a single form -a usage unknown to English; (4) and that such forms are best translated either (a) by rendering the dative of the agent (sometimes, as here, understood) as if it were the subject, that they ought to assist; or (b) we may form a subject out of the substantive idea implied in the verb, "assistance," "aid," that assistance ought to be given by them. See A. & S. 2 184, 2, (b); H. 388, in fin.; B. 1308; A. 40, II., in fin.

2-18. Maxume, most. Nobilis, a noble. See note on lines 4 and 25 13, p. 15. 5. Largitionem, sc. esse. Why? A. & S. 2 272; H. 551, I.; B. 1135; A. 52, VI. Famosum, notorious, much talked of. 6. Quod solet, what is usual in such a case. Ne, lest or that. Why? A. & S. 262, Rem. 7; H. 492, 4, 1); B. 1215; A. 64, III. Polluta, shameless. Licentia, license, is the subject of accenderet. 7. Lubidine, cupidity. 9. Pars illa. Notice the emphatic position of illa; because "demonstratives usually precede their nouns." Vero, to truth: dative. A. & S. 2 224; H. 386; R. 826; A. 51, V. 10. Pretium-gratiam, money or influence. Fit is an historical present, i. e. it is in effect a past tense; hence it is followed by the imperfect subjunct. dividerent. A. & S. 2 258, Rem. 1, (a); H. 481, I. and IV.; B. 1167; A. 57, II. 14. Consul when consul, in B. C. 121. 16. In plebem, against the plebs or commonalty. Who were the plebs? Niebuhr has given the only satisfactory answer: