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81 strove rather for this.

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in action. 14. Quem

Illi= sibi. 5. Solet, sc. facere. 7. Manu, = that he. 15. Belli rationes, the arguments for war, the considerations, the reasons, for and against. 18. Expulsi (forent). 23. Victis, if conquered, supplies the protasis (condition), and si victi essent. A. & S. 2 261, Rem. 4; H. 503, III. 2; B. 1354. 24. Nullo is by most editors regarded as an old form of the dative (frequent in the early writers), but nullo impedimento may be ablat. of quality, and is so taken by R. J. 25. Contra, on the other hand. 26. Difficiliorem, more difficult, to attain, in case of victory; to mitigate, in case of defeat. 27. Simul, together= =at one and the same time. 30. Signum, the watchword. 37. Latrocinio, a contest with robbers. 38. Equites-caedere refers to the enemy: An. says, to the Romans and Numidians. 39. Alios, alios, multos, refer to the Romans.

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adversos)

1-38. Advorsos those opposed to them. 4. Et ob ea. If the passage is not corrupt, the sense must be that the Romans were skilled in war because composed of veterans and recruits who had been associated with veterans. Some editors omit novique, others enclose it in brackets. The words are found in the best MSS. 5. Orbes, circular lines of battle, the advantage of which was that every part of such lines became a point of resistance. 9. Demisso animo, of downcast spirit = downcast in spirit. 13. Manu, with his own hand, wielding the sword. 17. Pro se, for them in their favor. 18. Ex-rerum, in accordance with the condition of affairs: lit. out of a given number of things (which he might do). Trahit forms. 20. Inter se to one another. 25. Nequen = non. 26. Pleno gradu, at a quick step. The ordinary step was at the rate of twenty miles in five hours; the quick step, twenty-four miles in the same time. Vegetius, cited by An. and M. 28. Longius, too far from the field of battle. 33. Pro like, as if. Ex, on account of, because while the Romans were in darkness, the enemy had made numerous camp-fires. 38. Per vigilias, during the watches, at the end of each, when the trumpet was sounded and the guard relieved in turn. M. translates "for the watches."

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6-38. Providere, to guard against. 7. Strepitu, by reason of the uproar: ablat. of cause. 9. Vecordia is the subject. 17. Pariter atque =the same as if, just as if. 18. Quadrato agmine with his army in column, in regular order of battle, in the form of a parallelogram, "arranged for defence in front, flanks, and rear, with the baggage in the middle." 19. Dextumos, the extreme right. 21. Primos extremos, in the front and rear. 24. Imposito=had been placed

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over (the army). 27. Milites cogebat, he compelled the soldiers 83 (to act in the same manner). Neque - atque, nor otherwise than and just as, taking the same precautions. 28. Excubitum, supine. 31. Non-futurum, not so much from a distrust (that those things) would be done. We must supply ea as antecedent of quae and subject of futurum (esse), which ought then to be futura (esse). M. remarks that "Aulus Gellius shows by many instances that the fut. in rus was used by old writers as an infinitive, without regard to concord in number and gender. This unusual construction has perplexed the transcribers, and occasioned great variations in the MSS." R. J. suggests that Sallust wrote factum iri. 32. Militibus volentibus willingly performed by the soldiers, lit. to the soldiers desiring it, in imitation, as previously remarked, of a well-known Greek construction. 35. Pudore, from their sense of shame. Malo poena. 37. Consuetam habuisset he had been accustomed to. 38. Nisi tamen, but yet.

1-37. Res, welfare. Pariter ac, just as well as (under). 2. Decore, 84 an adv. 4. Citi = at full speed. 6. Divorsi, in different directions. 11. Ex-venturos (esse), that out of all (the whole number) some in any case (aeque) would come in the rear of the enemy. Aeque, lit. equally, i. e. some part of the line, no matter what: ohne Unterschied in jedem Falle. R. J. Hostibus is dat. of disadvantage. 15. In loco, in position. 16. In manus, to close quarters. 20. Invadunt. A. & S. 2 209, Rem. 12, (6); H. 461, 4; B. 645. 24. Loqui, sc. Latine. 29. Atrocitate, "at the dreadful nature." 35. Adeptam, here passive. 37. Omnibus, i. e. who were near him.

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5-39. Niti modo, sc. surgere, they merely made an effort (to 85 rise). 6. Qua, where as far as. 8. Ea loci that time. Also written postea loci. 10. Post- quam, five days after, or, the fifth day after. Postquam is considered an adv. and diem accus. of duration of time (=post quinque dies). The expression admits of great variety of form. Z. 8 477. 13. Mitteret. Supply ut. 17. Aut aut has the force of if- or if. 19. Aetati, to his age, because Sulla was the more eloquent. Concessum (est) = the concession was made: or, Manlius yielded. 20. Rex Bocche. "In prose addresses the vocative is usually put after some other words in the proposition. Yet it may be prefixed with a kind of solemn dignity." Madvig, ? 299, Obs. 3. 22. Neu and that not. 23. Miscendo, the gerund. 24. Nobis is probably dat. (of advantage), but may also be taken as ablat. 27. [Inopi] is found in good MSS., and agrees with populo. 29. Nulla, sc. amicitia, the

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85 amicitia expressed being in the ablat. 30. In quo, i. e. the great distance between them. Minumum, sc. est. 31. (Et in quo est) gratia par (as much favor), etc. Parentes (from pareo), subjects. 39. Illam, i. e. fortunam.

86 6-38. Pro, "in excuse for." 8. Expulerit (subjunct. in oratio obliqua), he had expelled, might, with equal propriety, have been expulisset. Expulerit conforms to the form of facit (a present), expulisset would conform to its meaning (as an historical present). 13. Copia, the opportunity, of sending ambassadors. 30. Sine decore, i. e. "without the ensigns of their office as ambassadors." 32. Pro praetore as commander, "as acting commander-in-chief." In the earliest times, the title of the chief magistrates was not consules, but praetores; characterizing them as the commanders of the armies of the republic, or as the officers who stand at the head of the state. Dict. Antiqq. See also note on line 3, p. 40. 34. Avaritiae Romanorum, of the Romans for avarice. Both genitives limit famam. 36. Largitio, i. e. with a view to bringing over to one's wishes the parties receiving the largess. 37. Nisivolens (unless equally desiring it), i. e. who did not equally desire to be so, from a kindly and generous spirit. 38. In=in the light of, as the result of.

87

3-34. Benevolentiae, (proofs) of his good will: poss. pred. gen. So R. J.; M. makes it dative, implying object or intention, and translates, "either advantageous to the Romans, or likely to conciliate their favor." 7. Quo intenderat (to which he had applied himself) is to be explained by an ellipsis of animum, to which he had directed his mind. 15. Scilicet, of course, to be sure. 16. In advorsa the opposite. 20. Cum-tum maxume= both- and especially. 23. Deprecati sunt, "they urged in cxcuse deprecandi causa dixere. 26. Delicti gratiam, pardon for his fault. 30. Consuleretur: :=measures might be taken: impersonally, and subjunct. of result, following cujus ut ejus. 32. Iere=ivere= iverunt. 34. Neque - atque, and no less with these than. 88 1-39. Vero, than the truth, than they really were. they stood on the alert. M. takes it in the sense to prepare their weapons," which, however, is implied in arma— - temptare. 3. Timor, sc. erat eis; with the latter word victoribus agrees. 8. Praesidio, dat. of the end or purpose. 11. Incerto, with an uneasy, perplexed. 15. Totiens toties. 18. Quam- parceret, than (he would) be sparing of them, betrayed (as he regarded them) by a shameful flight to a life uncertain and perhaps destined after a short time to perish by disease. 27. Ante = in advance of. 30. Manu

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2. Intendere

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vindicandum (esse), that punishment should be inflicted immediately. 88 Manu here seems = brevi manu= immediately. M. translates it "with arms." Apud illumin illo = in his case. 36. Quantotanto the-the. 39. Nudum caecum=the unprotected and

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blind part of: the back.

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thought to Sulla. A. & S. 89

1-35. Faceret. The subjunct. refers the 266, 3; H. 520, II.; B. 1255; A. 66, I. 5. Videlicet, no doubt. 8. Suo, i. e. Volux's. Credere, sc. se. 19. Orator, as his ambassador legatus. 23. Multa bona, the many good qualities. 25. Ante, previous, with the force of an adj. 28. Consulta-habere that he had kept unbroken (inviolate) all the matters deliberated upon with him. 30. Quo- gereretur, i. e. the presence of the ambassador would enable them more successfully to deceive Jugurtha; for Bocchus and Sulla could make their own secret arrangements notwithstanding. To have dismissed Jugurtha's representative would have been to arouse Jugurtha's suspicions. Hence nam- nequivisse, it had been impossible otherwise, etc. Many editors however regard the passage as corrupt. 32. Magis fide, with more than Punic (i. e. bad) faith. "A proverbial expression applied to the Moors and Numidians as well as to the actual Carthaginians." M. 34. Attinuisse, had detained had amused.

35. (Utrum) Jugurtham, etc.

1-39. Congressi (sunt), i. e. Sulla and Bocchus. 3. (Utrum) 90 pacem, etc. Agitaturus foret (=agitaturus esset), he meant (intended) to pursue. 4. Decumum decimum. 10. Sanctus =an upright. Ex sententia, lit. to the mind acceptable. 14. Gratiam deberem, I should owe a favor I should be under obligation. Mehercule. See note on line 31, p. 73. 16. Id imminutum (esse). 17. Fuerit mihi, let it have been mine, grant that it has been mine: subjunct. of concession. A. & S. ? 260, II., Rem. 3; H. 516, II., and 1; B. 1282; A. 60, 4. 19. Licet, sc. tibi,

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you may. 22. Gratiam, that the favor. Putaveris, think, noli putare: subjunct. of request, entreaty. 30. Voltis the later vultis. 36. Multis, sc. verbis, at large. 39. Non-habituros (esse), would not regard as a favor.

1-38. Illorum-sua, them himself. A. & S. 2 219 and Rem. 1 91 and 2; H. 406, III. and 408, 1, 2); B. 809; A. 50, IV. 4. Retulisse, to have concerned. 9. Quisquibus. 17. Condicionibus poni, (to be) closed on conditions (and not on unconditional surrender). 20. Cuncta, accus., as the object of a verb of teaching. 24. Frustra, because not ratified by the senate. 25. Ambobus consultum (esse). that the interests of both should be consulted.

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4-25. Voltu vultu. 5. Scilicet, of course, "6 one may be sure." Tacente ipso has the force of a conditional clause," although he himself was silent." 6. Patefecisse depends on dicitur. 10. Quaestore, i. e. Sulla. 11. Insidiantibus, dat. limiting facillumum, but may be rendered by those lying in wait. 16. Traditur, in B. C. 106, the year in which both Cicero and Pompey were born. 17. Per, during. 19. Quo metu through fear of which. Illimque, and from that time: the happy conjecture of Dietsch. The MSS. and editors generally read illique. 20. Habuere have held, been convinced. 22. Certari that a contest was carried on: impersonally. 23. Jugurtham. "It is said that when he was led before the car of the conqueror, he lost his senses. After the triumph, he was thrown into prison, where, while they were in haste to strip him, some tore his robe off his back, and others, catching eagerly at his pendants, pulled off the tips of his ears along with them. When he was thrust down naked into the dungeon, all confused, he said with a frantic smile, Heavens! how cold is this bath of yours.' There, having struggled for six days with extreme hunger, and to the last hour laboring for the preseravtion of life, he came to such an end as his crimes deserved." Plutarch, quoted by An. 25. Kalendis. B. C. 104.

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