Cicatrix, icis, f., a scar, cicatrice. Cicero, ōnis, m., Marcus Tullius Cicero, the greatest of Roman

orators.

Cimbricus, a, um, adj., Cimbrian, pertaining to the Cimbri. Cinna, ae, m., Lucius Cornelius Cinna, an associate of Marius in the civil wars, noted for his cruelty.

Circiter, prep. with the acc. and adv., about, near. Circueo. See Circumeo. Circum, adv. and prep. with the acc., around, about, near. Circuitus, a, um, part. from circueo, or circumeo. Circumdo, ǎre, dědi, dătum, tr. (circum+do), to put, place or set around, to surround, encompass, invest, environ. Circuměo, ire, ii and ivi, circuitum, irreg. tr. and intr. (circum

eo), to go around; to surround, encompass. Circumfĕro, ferre, tuli, lātum, irreg. tr. (circum+fero), to carry round. Circumfundo, ĕre, fūdi, fūsum,

tr. (circumfundo), to pour around, crowd around; to surround; encompass. Circumsideo or circumsedeo, ére, ēdi, essum, tr. and intr. (circumsedeo), to sit around; to besiege, invest. Circumspecto, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. and intr. freq. (circumspecto), to look round or about; to look upon or regard with suspicion, to observe cautiously. Circumspicio, ĕre, exi, ectum, tr. and intr. (circumspecio), to look round, take heed; to examine closely, weigh carefully. Circumvenio, ire, ēni, entum, tr. (circumvenio), to surround, encompass, invest; to beset, oppress, ensnare; to circumvent, deceive, defraud, betray. Cirta, ae, f., Cirta, a city of Numidia.

Citerior, ius, super. citimus (cis), nearer, hither, on this side. Cito, adv. (citus), soon, quickly, speedily, shortly.

Citus, a, um, part. and adj. (from cieo, to excite), excited; swift, quick, rapid, at full speed. Civilis, e, adj. (civis), of or belonging to a citizen, civil. Civilia studia, civil contentions. Civis, is, m. and f., a citizen. Civitas, atis, f. (civis), a state, a city; the citizens of a state or city; citizenship, the freedom of the city.

Clades, is, f., injury, misfortune, disaster; overthrow, defeat, discomfiture; slaughter, massacre, destruction.

Clam, adv., privately, privily, secretly, stealthily. Also, prep. with the accus. or abl., without the knowledge of. Clamor, ōris, m. (clamo), a loud cry, shout, shouting, outery; noise, clamor, din. Claritudo, inis, f. (clarus), clear

ness, distinctness; splendor; fame, renown, glory.

Clarus, a, um, adj., clear, bright, splendid; loud, distinct; manifest, evident; renowned, famous, illustrious.

Classis, is, f., a fleet; a class or

division of the Roman people. Ex classibus,according to classes. Claudo, ĕre, si, sum, tr., to shut,

close, confine, inclose; to surround, encompass; to finish. Clavis, is, f. (claudo), a key. Clemens, entis, adj., mild, gentle,

merciful; quiet, placid, calm. Clementia, ae, f. (clemens), mildness, gentleness, clemency, mercy, kindness.

Cliens, entis, m., a client, one under the protection of a patron; a retainer, dependent. Clientela, ae, f. (cliens), clientship, the relation of client to patron; a client, dependent. Cn., an abbreviation of Cnaeus.

Cnaeus, i, m. (pronounced Ne-us),

a Roman praenomen. Coactus, a, um, part. from Cogo. Coaequo, are, avi, atum, tr. (con +aequo), to make even or level; to level.

Coalesco, ĕre, lui, litum, intr.

(conalesco), to grow together, ccalesce, blend, unite; to agree. Coarguo, ĕre, ui, tr. (con + arguo), to show, prove, demonstrate; to convince, convict; to disprove, confute.

Cochlea or Coclěa, ae, f., a snail.
Coctus, a, um, part. from Coquo.
Cocus, i, m. See Coquus.
Coegi. See Cogo.

Coelum, i, n. See Caelum.
Coeno, are, avi, ātum.

See Ceno. Coepi, defec. verb, I began, I commenced. Instead of coepi, coeptus est is preferred before a passive infinitive.

Coeptus, a, um, part. from Coepi. Coërceo, ere, ui, ĭtum, tr. (con + arceo), to keep in, confine, restrain, check, curb, repress; to shut up, surround, embrace. Cogito, are, avi, atum, tr. and intr. (con+agito), to revolve in the mind, think, ponder, reflect, consider, meditate.

Cognatio, onis, f. (cognatus), relationship by blood; relationship, kindred.

Cognatus, a, um, adj. (con +natus, from nascor), related by blood, kindred, cognate, akin. As a noun, a relation, relative, kinsman.

Cognitus, a, um, part. and adj. (cognosco). Adj., known,proved, tried. Causa cognita, the case having been judicially investigated= after trial. Cognomen, inis, n. (con+nomen), a surname, family name, e. g. Scipio, in the name Publius Cornelius Scipio. Sometimes used for the agnomen, as (by Sallust) in P. C. Scipio Africanus. Cognosco, ĕre, novi, nitum,

Collectus, a, um, part. from Colligo.

Collega, ae, m. (con+lego), a colleague.

Collibet, buit or bitum est, imp. verb (conlibet), it pleases, is agreeable. It is used personally by Sallust. Colligo, ĕre, égi, ectum, tr. (con lego), to collect, assemble, bring together. Collis, is, m., a hill. Colloco, are, āvi, ātum, tr. (con

loco), to place, dispose, arrange; to station, post, set. Colloquium, i, n. (colloquor), a

conference, interview; conversation, discourse, converse. Colloquor, i, cutus, dep. (con + loquor), to speak together, converse, confer.

Collubet. See Collibet. Colo, ĕre, colui, cultum, tr., to labor upon, cultivate, till; to inhabit; to cherish, honor, respect, regard, esteem; to treat respectfully.

Colonia, ae, f. (colōnus), a colony,

settlement.

Colonus, i, m. (colo), a husband

man, farmer, colonist, settler. Color or colos, ōris, m., color, complexion, tint, hue. Comes,itis, m. and f., a companion,

comrade, partner, associate, as

sistant.

Cominus, adv. See Commĭnus. Comitatus, ūs, m. (comitor), a

train, retinue, company, number of followers. Comitia, ōrum, n. pl. (con+eo), the public assembly of the Roman people for the transaction of business or the election of magistrates; an election. Comitia habere, to hold an election. Commaculo, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. (con maculo), to stain, pollute, spot, disgrace, defile. Commeatus, ūs, m. (commeo), a passage; a furlough; a convoy ; provisions, supplies. Commemoro, are, avi, atum, tr. (con+memoro), to remind, mention, make mention, relate, recount.

Commendatio, ōnis, f. (commendo), commendation, praise, rec

ommendation.

Commendo, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. (con+mando), to commend, intrust to, commit to the charge of; to recommend. Commercium, i, n. (con + merx), commerce, trade, traffic; commercial intercourse. Commercor, āri, atus, dep. (con mercor), to buy up, pur

chase. Comminuo, ĕre, ui, ūtum, tr. (conminuo), to lessen, diminish, weaken, impair; to break into small pieces, crush, shat

ter.

Comminus, adv. (con+manus), band to hand, in close combat. Committo, ĕre, isi, issum, tr. (con mitto), to put together, combine, unite; to commit, perpetrate; to begin, commence. Committere proelium, to begin a battle.

Commodo, are, avi, atum, tr. (commodus), to put in order, adapt, adjust, accommodate; to lend, afford, furnish, supply.

16 Sal.

Commodum, i, n. (commodus), advantage, profit, convenience, in

terest.

Commonefacio, ĕre, feci, factum, tr. (commoneo facio), to call to one's mind, remind, admonish, advise. Commŏror, āri, ātus, dep. (con + moror), to stay, delay, remain,

stop, tarry; to retard, detain. Commoveo, ēri, ōvi, ōtum, tr. (conmoveo), to move, shake, stir; to disquiet, trouble, alarm, agitate, excite; to touch, affect, strike.

Communico, are, avi, atum, tr. (communis), to communicate, impart, share; to commune, confer; to join, unite, connect. Causam communicare to make com

mon cause.

Communio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (con +munio), to fortify, to secure. Communis, e, adj. (con munus), common, the same, general, universal. Res communis=a mutual interest. Commutatio, onis, f. (commuto), a change, alteration, changing. Commuto, are, avi, ātum, tr. (conmuto), to change, alter; to exchange. Compăro, are, avi, atum, tr. (con

paro), to procure, furnish, provide, prepare, get ready; to collect; to acquire; to ordain; to compare, connect. Comperio, ire, pěri, pertum, tr., and Comperior, iri, pertus sum, dep. (con + pario), to discover, Ascertain, find out, learn, be informed. Compleo, ere, evi, étum, tr. (con pleo), to fill, fill up, complete, finish, perfect. Complexus, ūs, m. (complector), an embrace, embracing, encircling.

Complures, ūra, adj. pl. (con + plus), many, a great many. Compōno, ĕre, osui, ositum, tr. (con pono), to put or place

carry.

Composite, adv. (compositus), sedately, calmly; neatly, handsomely, elegantly, skilfully, in an orderly manner. Compositus, a, um, part. and adj. (compono), put together, arranged, composed; elegant, well arranged, apt, fit; ended, settled. Comprobo, are, avi, ātum, tr. (con +probo), to approve, prove, confirm; to allow, assent to; to make good, verify. Concedo, ĕre, essi, essum, tr. and intr. (concedo), to retire, depart, withdraw, give place, retreat; to submit, yield, concede, grant, allow; to go, repair. In jus atque dicionem concedere, to come under the laws and sway. Concido, ĕre, idi, intr. (con + cado), to fall down; to fall, sink, perish, die.

Concio, onis, f. (concieo), a meeting, assembly: an address, speech, harangue. Pro concione, before an assembly of the people or soldiers, in public.

Concito, are, avi, ātum, tr. (con

cito), to put in motion, stir up to excite, arouse, stimulate, rouse, incite, provoke, irritate. Conclamo, are, āvi, ātum, intr. (conclamo), to cry out together, to cry out, shout, exclaim.

Concordia, ae, f. (concors), concord, agreement, union, harmony, unanimity; the name of a Roman goddess, Concord. Concubina, ae, f. (concubo), a concubine.

Concupisco, ĕre, pivi, pitum, tr.

incho. (concupio), to desire greatly, long for, covet. Concurro, ĕre, curri, cursum, intr. (concurro), to run together; to meet, flock together; to rush together in fight, join battle, engage, contend, fight; to concur, agree. Concursus, ūs, m. (concurro), a

running together, concourse; a charge, conflict, onset, engage

ment.

Concutio, ĕre, ussi, ussum, tr. (conquatio), to shake, move violently, agitate; to trouble, disquiet, alarm, terrify; to injure, weaken.

Condemno, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. (condamno), to condemn. Condicio, onis, f. (condo), a condition, agreement, stipulation, contract, terms; a proposal, proposition; state, situation, condition.

Condidi. See Condo.

Conditio, onis, f. See Condicio. Conditor, ōris, m. (condo), a maker, builder, founder, inventor, author.

Condo, ĕre, didi, ditum, tr. (con

do) to put together, found, build, make; to lay up, hoard; to hide, conceal, bury; to finish, end.

Condono, āri, āvi, ātum, tr. (con

dono), to give freely, grant, present, bestow; to pardon, forgive, excuse, overlook; to devote, sacrifice. Alterius lubidini malefacta condonare, to pardon crimes to gratify the lust of another.

Conduco, ĕre, xi, ctum, tr. (con

duco), to bring or lead together, conduct; to collect, assemble; to hire.

Confercio, ire, fersi, fertum, tr. (con farcio), to stuff or cram together, to crowd together; to fill.

Confero, ferre, contuli, collatum, tr. (confero), to bring or car

ry together; to collect, gather, procure. Confertim, adv. (confertus), closely, compactly, in close array, in a compact body. Confertus, a, um, part. and adj. (confercio), crammed, crowded; close, thick, compact, dense, in close array.

Confessus, a, um, part. from confiteor.

Confício, ĕre, ěci, ectum, tr. (con

+facio), to make, effect, cause, execute, perform, prepare; to end, finish, accomplish, complete; to weaken, enfeeble, wear out, consume, destroy, overpower; to waste, wear away. Confido, ĕre, fisus sum, half dep. (confido), to confide in, trust to, rely upon, depend upon; to trust, feel confident.

Confinis, e, adj. (con +finis), adjoining, bordering upon, contig

for succor or refuge; to have re

course to.

Conglobo, are, avi, atum, tr. (con

globo), to form into a round body, conglobate; to collect, assemble, crowd together, gather together.

Congrědior, i, gressus, dep. (con

gradior), to come together, meet, encounter; to engage, contend, fight; to accost, address, converse with.

Congressus, us, m. (congredior), a coming together, meeting; a conflict, encounter, contest, engagement, battle.

Conjicio, ĕre, jēci, jectum, tr. (con+jacio), to throw together; to throw, cast, hurl, thrust, discharge, impel.

Conjunctus, a, um, part. and adj. (conjungo), connected, united, attached, allied.

Conjungo, ère, junxi, junctum, tr. (conjungo), to join together, unite, connect, associate, ally, form.

Conjuratio, onis, f. (conjuro), a swearing together; a confederacy bound by oath; a conspiracy, plot. Conjurătus, a, um, part. (conjuro), combined, leagued together. As noun, conjurati, ōrum, m., conspirators. Conjuro, are, avi, atum, intr. (conjuro), to swear together; to combine, league together; to conspire.

a

Connubium, i, n. (con nubo), marriage, wedlock; intermarriage.

Conor, äri, ātus, dep., to attempt,

endeavor, strive, try, undertake. Conquiro, ère, quisivi, quisitum, tr. (con quaero), to seek, search for; to acquire, get together, obtain, procure, collect. Conscientia, ae, f. (conscio), joint knowledge; consciousness, conscience; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience.