times, now then. Si modo, if only, provided that. Non modo, not only. Modo non, all but, almost, nearly. Modus, i, m., a measure, manner, way, method, means, mode; limit, moderation, order, bounds. In modum, in the manner, like. Moenia, ium, n. pl., defensive

walls, city walls, ramparts; a city. Moeror, öris, m. See Maeror. Moestus, a, um, adj. See Maestus. Molior, iri, itus, dep. (moles), to

exert one's self; to endeavor, struggle, strive, toil; to construct, make; to attempt, undertake; to contrive, plot, meditate, prepare.

Mollio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (mollis),

to soften, mollify; to appease, pacify, calm; to enervate, effeminate; to tame, restrain, check. Mollis, e, adj., soft, tender, delicate, pliant, susceptible, flexible, supple, gentle, mild, pleasant.

Molliter, adv. (mollis), softly, gently, calmly; luxuriously, delicately, effeminately; weakly, sensitively.

Mollitia, ae, and Mollities, ēi,

f. (mollis), softness, tenderness; pliability, flexibility; weakness, irresolution; effeminacy, voluptuousness.

Mončo, ère, ui, ĭtum, tr., to put in mind, remind, admonish, warn, advise; to counsel, instruct, teach.

Monitor, ōris, m. (moneo), an admonisher, monitor, adviser; a prompter; a nomenclator. Mons, tis, m., a mountain, mount. Monumentum, i, n. (moneo), a memorial, monument.

Mora, ae, f., a delay, stay, stop, hindrance, impediment. Morbus, i, m., a sickness, disease, illness, malady.

Morior, i, mortuus, dep., to die, expire.

Mors, tis, f., death. Mortālis, e, adj. (mors), mortal, perishable, human. As a noun, a mortal, a man. Mos, mōris, m., manner, custom, way, fashion, use, usage, habit, practice, style; institution; conduct, behavior. Mores, pl., morals, character. Ita se mores habent, such is the fashion, custom.

Motus, us, m. (moveo), a motion, movement; a commotion, tumult, disturbance.

Mověo, ĕre, mōvi, mōtum, tr., to move, stir, bestir; disturb, remove; to excite, occasion, cause, promote, produce; to affect, influence, incite; to ponder; to undertake; to expel, eject. Mox, adv., soon, directly, immediately, presently, by and by. Muliebris, e, adj. (mulier), of or belonging to a woman, womanly, female, feminine; womanish, effeminate.

Mulier, ĕris, f., a woman, female.

Multitudo, inis, f. (multus), a multitude, great number, crowd, mob.

Multum, adv. (comp. plus, super. plurimum), much, very, very much, greatly, far, often; in many respects.

Multus, a, um, adj. (comp. plus, super. plurimus), many, much, numerous, frequent, great. Multus adesse, to be frequently pres

ent.

Mulucha or Muluccha, ae, f., a river separating Numidia from Mauritania.

Mulvius or Milvius, a, um, adj. Mulvian or Milvian. Mul

vius pons, the Mulvian bridge, now Ponte Molle, over the Tiber. Munditia, ae, f. (mundus), clean

ness, cleanliness; neatness, spruceness, elegance, refine

ment.

Municipium, i, n. (municeps), a free town, particularly in Italy, which possessed the right of Roman citizenship (together with, in most cases, the right of voting), but was governed by its own laws. Munificentia, ae, f. (munificus), munificence, bountifulness, liberality, generosity. Munificus, a, um, adj. (munus + facio), munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous. Munimentum, i, n. (munio), a fortification, rampart, defence, bulwark, protection, security. Munio, ire, ivi, itum, tr. (moenia), to defend with a wall, to fortify, defend, secure, protect, guard. Munitio, onis, f. (munio), a defending, fortifying, protecting; a fortification, defence, rampart, bulwark.

Munitus, a, um, part. and adj. from Munio, fortified, defended, guarded, protected, safe, secured. Munus, ĕris, n., a gift, present; a service, favor; reward; an office, function, duty; a public show, spectacle, exhibition, a show of gladiators.

Murena, ae, m., Caius Licinius

Murena, a Roman general. Murtētum, i, n. (murtusmyr

tus), a myrtle-grove. Murus, i, m., the wall of a town or city; a defence, protection, safeguard.

Mutatio, ōnis, f. (muto), a changing, altering; a change, alteration; a revolution; an exchange. Muthul, is, m., a river in Numidia.

Muto, are, avi, ātum, tr., to change, alter; to exchange, barter; to spoil, make worse. Mutare fidem,to break one's word. Mutuus, a, um, adj.,borrowed, lent;

in return, in exchange, recipro

meet

Nanciscor, i, nactus, dep., to get, obtain, receive; to with, find, light upon. Narro, are, avi, atum, tr., to narrate, tell, recount, relate. Nascor, i, natus, dep., to be born; to be produced; to arise, spring, grow.

Nasica, ae, m. See Scipio. Natio, ōnis, f. (nascor), a race, nation, people; breed, stock, kind, species.

Nātus, ūs, m., but used only in the ablat. Natu, by birth, in age. Major natu older. Majores natu

men well advanced in years. Natūra, ae, f. (nascor), nature; natural disposition, inclination, bent, character; the quality or constitution of a thing.

Nātus, a, um, part. from Nascor. Nave or gnāve, adv. (navus), diligently, actively, zealously. Navigo, are, avi, atum, tr. and intr. (navisago), to sail, to sail over, navigate; to gain by navigation.

Navis, is, f., a ship, a vessel.
Navus or gnavus, a, um, adj.,
busy, active, diligent, zealous.
Ne, adv. See Nae.
Ně, enclitic conj., whether, in indi-

rect questions. In direct questions it is generally not translated. Nē, adv. and conj., not, that not, lest; also for nedum, much less. Ne quidem, not even.

Nec or Neque, adv. and conj. (ne que), neither, nor, and not; but not. Nec nec or Neque neque, neither. -nor; either-or. Necessario, adv. (necessarius), necessarily, of necessity. Necessarius, a, um, adj., necessary, needful, unavoidable, indispensable; related, connected. Necessarius, i, m., a relation, relative, kinsman, connection, friend.

Necesse, adj., n. indec., necessary, of necessity, needful. Necessitudo, inis, f. (necesse), necessity, want, need; relationship, friendship, intimacy. Neco, are, avi, atum, and necui, nectum, tr. (nex), to kill, slay, put to death, destroy. Necubi, adv. (ne, nec

ubi), that

nowhere, lest anywhere. Nedum, adv. (ne+dum), by no means, much less, still less; not to say, much more, not only. Nefandus, a, um, adj. (ne + fandus), impious, heinous, execrable, abominable.

Nefarius, a, um, adj. (nefas), impious, execrable, abominable, nefarious, heinous.

Negito, are, avi, ātum, tr. freq. (nego), to deny repeatedly or steadfastly, to persist in denying.

Negligentia, ae, f. (negligens), negligence, neglect, heedlessness, carelessness.

Negligo, ĕre, lexi, lectum, tr.

(nec lego), to neglect, disregard, slight, despise. Nego, are, avi, atum, tr. and intr., to say no; to deny, refuse.

Negotiator, ōris, m. (negotior), a trader, a wholesale dealer, factor; a money-lender, banker. Negotior, äri, ātus, dep. (nego

tium), to trade, traffic, carry on a business, to loan money, be a banker.

Negotiōsus, a, um, adj. (nego

tium), busy, occupied, engaged in business. Negotium, i, n. (nec + otium), a business, employment, occupation, affair; difficulty, pains, trouble, labor; a matter, thing, Nemo, inis, m. and f. (ne + homo), no one, no body, no man,

no.

Nepos, ōtis, m., a grandson. Neque, conj. See Nec. Nequěo, ire, ivi and ii, ĭtum, intr. (nequeo), not to be able, to be unable; I cannot. Impers., it is impossible. With a passive infinitive, the passive form of this verb is used. Nequidquam, Nequicquam, or Nequiquam, adv. (ne + qui + quam), in vain, to no purpose; without ground or reason. Nequis is more properly written Ne quis, qua, quod or quid; also Neu quis, etc., lest any one, lest some one, that no one, that

no.

Nero, ōnis, m., Tiberius Nero, a Roman senator.

Neu, conj., the same as Neve. Neve and Neu, conj. (ne+ve), nor, neither; and not; and that not, and lest.

Nex, necis, f., a violent death, murder, slaughter. Ni, conj., the same as Nisi. Nihil, n. indec. (nihilum), nothing. In the accus., not, in no respect, in nothing, not at all. Nihil remissino negligence. Nihil pensi no regard, care, concern. Nihilum, i, n. (ne + hilum), nothing. Nihilo, ablat., in nothing, not at all. Nihilo minus (=nihilominus), no less, neverthe

less.

Nimis, adv., too, too much, over

much, excessively, extremely, beyond measure.

Nisi, conj. (ne + si), if not, unless, except, but that, save only, only. Nisi si, except if, unless. Nisi tamen, but still, but yet.

Nisus, üs, m. (nītor), a pressing,

resting, or leaning upon; a striving, effort, exertion, labor, endeavor; a step, tread. Nisus, a, um, part. from Nitor. Nitor, i, nisus and nixus, dep., to lean upon, rest upon; to press forward, advance; to mount, climb; to strive, exert one's self, labor, endeavor; to rely upon, depend upon. Niti ad, to strive for. Nobilior, ōris, m., Marcus Ful

vius Nobilior, a Roman knight confederate with Catiline. Nobilis, e, adj. (nosco), known, well known, famous, noted, celebrated, renowned; high-born, of noble birth, noble, i. e. sprung from a family (either patrician or plebeian) many members of which had filled curule offices, and consequently possessing the jus imaginum; noble, excellent, superior. Nobiles, the nobles. Nobilitas, atis, f. (nobilis), celebrity, fame, renown; high or noble birth, nobility; the nobility, the nobles; excellence, superiority.

Nocens, tis, adj. (noceo), hurtful,

mischievous, injurious, noxious; wicked, criminal, culpable. Noctu, adv. (properly ablat. from noctus, obsolete), by night, in the night.

Nocturnus, a, um, adj. (noctu), nocturnal, by night, in the nighttime.

Nolo, nolle, nolui, —, irreg. tr. and intr. (non volo), not to wish, to be unwilling; to be averse. Nolite existimare do not suppose.

Nomǎdes, um, m. pl. (Noμás), no

mads, pastoral people that wander about with their flocks. Nomen, inis, n. (nosco), a name; fame, reputation, renown; a title, pretext, pretence, color, account, reason: a family, race, stock; the middle one of the three names which every free-born Roman

had, as distinguished from the praenomen and cognomen. Hoc nomine, on this account, for this

reason.

Nomino, are, āvi, ātum, tr. (nomen), to name, call by name; to render famous or renowned; to nominate; to accuse, arraign. Non, adv., not, no. Non quo, not that, not as if.

Nonae, arum, f. pl. (nonus, the ninth), the nones, so called because it was the ninth day before the ides: the fifth day in every month except March, May, July, and October, in which it was the seventh.

Nondum, adv. (non + dum), not yet, not as yet. Nondum etiam, not even yet. Nonnullus, a, um, adj. (non +

nullus), some; plural, some, some persons. Nosco, ĕre, nõvi, nõtum, tr., to become acquainted with, learn. Novi, I have learned: = I know. Noster, tra, trum, poss. adj. pron.

(nos), our, ours, our own. Notus, a, um, part. and adj. (nosco), known, well known, noted.

Nove, adv. (novus), newly, in an unusual manner. Super., Novissime or Novissime, recently, lately, a short time ago; lastly, last of all, finally. November and Novembris, bris, e, adj. (novem), of November, November. November, bris, m., November, the ninth month of the old Roman year (which began with March). Novitas, atis, f. (novus), newness, novelty; rareness, strangeness; newness of rank, the being a "new man" (novus homo). Novo, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. (novus), to make new, to renew; to change, alter; to alter the existing constitution, make innovations; to effect a revolution. Novus, a, um, adj., new, fresh,

singular, unusual, inexperienced, unaccustomed. Novus homo, a "new man," the founder of his family's nobility (nobilitas). Novi atque nobiles: - the new and the old nobility. Res novae, innovations, changes, especially in the government, a revolution. Novae tabulae, an abolition of debts, in whole or in part. Super., novissimus or novissumus, a, um, the latest, last, extreme. Nox, noctis, f., night.

Noctem

agitare, to pass the night. Noxius, a, um, adj. (noceo), hurtful, injurious, noxious; guilty, culpable, criminal. Nubes, is, f., a cloud.

Nubo, ĕre, nupsi, nuptum, tr. and intr., to cover, veil; (of a bride) to veil herself for the bridegroom, i. e. to marry, wed him; to marry, be married. Nucerinus, i, m., Publius Sittius Nucerinus, a Roman adventurer.

Nudo, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. (nudus),

to make naked; to strip, lay bare; to deprive, spoil, plunder; to uncover, expose. Nudus, a, um, adj., naked, bare, uncovered, exposed, unprotected; stripped, spoiled, deprived. Nullus, a, um, gen. nullius, (ne +ullus), not any, none, no; no one, nobody. Quae nulla = none of which.

Num, adv., in indirect questions, whether; in direct questions it is not translated.

Numantia, ae, f., a city in Spain. Numantinus, a, um, adj. (Numantia), of or belonging to Numantia, Numantine. As a noun, a Numantine.

Numěrus, i, m., a number, quantity; rank, place, position. Numida, ae, m., a Numidian. Numidia, ae, f., Numidia. Numidicus, a, um, adj. (Numidia), Numidian.

never, at no time.

Nunc, adv., now, at present; now, then, in that case.

Nunquam, adv. See Numquam. Nuntio or Nuncio, āre, āvi, ātum, tr. (nuntius), to announce, report, declare, relate, make known, inform. Nuntiatum est, word was brought, notice was given.

a

Nuntius or Nuncius, i, m., a reporter, messenger, courier; message, news, tidings, intelligence.

Nuptiae, ārum, f. pl. (nubo), a

marriage, wedding, nuptials. Nusquam, adv. (ne+usquam), nowhere, in no place; on no occasion.

Nuto, åre, avi, ātum, intr. (nuo),

to nod; to sway to and fro; to waver, doubt, hesitate. Nutus, ūs, m. (nuo), a nod, beck; command, will, pleasure.

O.

Ob, prep. with the accus., for, on account of, because of, in consequence of; for the purpose of, for the sake of. Ob rem, to the purpose.

Obediens, tis, part. and adj. (obe

dio), obedient, compliant, yielding, manageable, submissive. Obedio, ire, ivi, itum, intr. (ob

or

audio), to obey, be obedient; to give ear, listen, hearken. Objecto, are, āvi, ātum, tr. freq. (objicio), to throw before against; to expose; to throw up, cast up, to reproach or upbraid with, to accuse of. Objicio, ĕre, jěci, jectum, tr. (ob

jacio), to throw before or toward, to throw to; to offer, present, expose; to set against, oppose; to taunt, reproach, upbraid.

Oblātus, a, um, part. from Offero.