Luceo, luxi,

to shine. So al-,, circum-, col-, di-, è-, il-, inter-, per, or pel-, præ-, pro-, re-, sub-, trans-lūceo.

Exc. 2. The following verbs in DEO:

Prandeo, prandi, pransum, to dine.

Video, vidi, visum, to see. So in-, per-, præ-, pro-, rě-video.

Sědeo, sēdi, sessum, to sit. So as-, con-, de-, dis-, in-, ob-, per-, pos-, prœ-, re-, svb-sideo: Circumsideo, or circumsědeo, supersedeo. But de-, dis-, per-, præ-, re-, sub-sideo, seem to want the supine.

Strideo, strīdi, to make a noise.

Pendeo, pependi, pensum, to hang. So de-, im-, pro-, super-pendeo.

Mordeo, momordi, morsum, to bite. So ad-, com-, de-, ob-, præ-, re-mordeo.

Spondeo, spopondi, sponsum, to promise. So de-, re-spondeo.

Tondeo, totondi, tonsum, to clip. So at-, circum-, de-tondeo.

But the compounds of these verbs do not double the first syllable; thus, dependi, remordi, respondi, attondi, &c.

Rideo, risi, risum, to laugh. So ar-, de-, ir-, sub-rideo.

Suadeo, suasi, suāsum, to advise. So dis-, per-suãdeo.
Ardeo, arsi, arsum, to burn. So ex-, in-, ob-ardeo.

Exc. 3. The following verbs in GEO:

Augeo, auxi, auctum, to increase. So ad-, ex-augeo.
Lūgeo, luxi,

Frigeo, frixi,

to mourn. So e-, pro-, sub-lugeo.
to be cold. So per-, re-frigeo.

Tergeo, tersi, tersum, to wipe. So abs-, circum-, de-, ex-, per-tergeo.
Mulgeo, mulsi, mulsum, or mulctum, to milk., So e-, im-mulgeo.
Indulgeo, indulsi, indultum, to grant, to indulge.

Urgeo, ursi,

to press.

Fulgeo, fulsi,

So ad-, ex-, in-, per-, sub-, super-urgeo.

to shine. So af-, circum-, con-, ef-, inter-, præ-, re-, super-fulgeo.

Turgeo, tursi, to swell. Algeo, alsi, to be cold.

Exc. 4. The following verbs in IEO and LEO:

Vieo, vievi, viêtum, to bind with twigs, to hoop a vessel.

Cieo, (civi) citum, to stir up, to rouse. So ac-, con-, ex-, in-, per-cieo. Cīvi comes from cio of the fourth conjugation.

Fleo, flēvi, flétum, to weep. So af-,

de-fleo.

Compleo, complevi, complētum, to fill. So the other compounds of pleo; de-, ex-, im-, adim-, op-, re-, sup-pleo.

Dēleo, dēlēvi, dēlētum, to destroy, to blot out.

oleo, to smell, has ŏlui, õlitum. So likewise its compounds, which have a similar signification; ob-, per-, red-, sub-ŏleo. But such of the compounds as have a different signification make evi and etum; thus, exoleo, exõlēvi, exolētum, to fade. So insoleo, -ēvi, -ětum, or -itum, to grow into use; obsŏleo, -ēvi, -ětum, to grow out of use. Aboleo, to abolish, has ǎbõlēvi, abolitum; and adoleo, to grow up, to burn, adõlēvi, adultum. Exc. 5. Several verbs in NEO, QUEO, REO, and SEO.

Maneo, mansi, mansum, to stay. So per-, re-măneo.

Neo, nēvi, nētum, to spin. So per-neo.

Těneo, těnui, tentum, to hold. So con-, de-, dis-, ob-, re-, sus-tineo. But attineo, pertineo, are not used in the supine; and seldom abstineo.

Torqueo, torsi, tortum, to throw, to whirl, to twist. Thus, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, ob-, re-torqueo.

Hæreo, hasi, hæsum, to stick. Thus, ad-, con-, in-, ob-, sub-hæreo.

Torreo, torrui, tostum, to roast. Censeo, censui, censum, to judge. be angry.

So extorreo.

So ac-, per-, re-censeo, to review; succenseo, to

Exc. 6. Verbs in VEO have vi, tum; as, moveo, mōvi, mōtum, to move; Foveo, fovi, fötum, to cherish. So con-, re-foveo. So voveo, to vow or wish, and devoveo. Faveo, to favour; has fävi, fautum; and caveo, to beware of; cavi, cautum. So præ-căveo.

Neuter verbs in veo want the supine; as, păveo, pāvi, to be afraid.
Ferveo, to boil, to be hot, makes ferbui. So de-, ef-, in-, per-, rè-ferveo.

Conniveo, to wink, has connivi and connixi.

Exc. 7. The following verbs want both preterite and supine: Lacteo, to suck milk; liveo, to be black and blue; scăteo, to abound; renideo, to shine; mareo, to be sorrowful; ǎveo, to desire; polleo, to be able; flaveo, to be yellow; denseo, to grow thick; glabreo, to be smooth or bare. To these add calveo, to be bald; ceveo, to wag the tail, as dogs do when they fawn on one; hěbeo, to be dull; uveo, to be moist; and some others.

Third Conjugation.

Verbs of the third conjugation form their preterite and supine variously, according to the termination of the present.

IO.

1. Făcio, feci, factum, to do, to make. So the compounds which retain a: lucri, magnì-, ăré-, călě-, mădě-, těpě-, běně-, mălě-, sătis-făcio, &c. But those which change a into i have ectum; as, afficio, affeci, affectum. So con-, de-, ef-, in-, inter-, of-, per-, præ-, pro-, re-, suf-ficio. Note; FACIO, compounded with a noun, verb, or adverb, retains a; but when compounded with a preposition, it changes a into i.

Some compounds of facio are of the first conjugation; as, Amplifico, sacrifico, terrifico, magnifico; gratificor, to gratify, or do a good turn, to give up; ludificor,

to mock.

Jăcio, jēci, jactum, to throw. So ab-, ad-, circum-, con-, de-, dis-, e-, in-, inter-, ob-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, superin-, tra-jicio; in the supine, -ectum.

The compounds of specio and lacio, which themselves are not used, have exi, and ectum; as, aspicio, aspexi, aspectum, to behold. So circum-, con-, de-, dis-, in-, intro-, per-, pro-, re-, retro-, su-psicio.

Allicio, allexi, allectum, to allure. So il, pel-licio; but elicio, to draw out, has elicui, elicitum.

2. Fŏdio, fōdi, fossum, to dig, to delve. So ad-, circum-, con-, ef-, in-, inter-, per-, præ-, re-, suf-, trans-fodio.

Fugio, fugi, fugitum, to fly. So au-, (for ab-,) con-, de-, dif-, ef-, per-, pro-, re-, suf-, subter-, trans-fugio.

3. Capio, cepi, captum, to take. So ac-, con-, de-, ex-, in-, inter-, oc-, per-, prœ-, re-, sus-cipio, (in the supine -ceptum ;) and ante-căpio.

Rapio, răpui, raptum, to pull or snatch. So ab-, ar-, cor-, de-, di-, e-, præ-, pro-, sur-ripio, -ripui, -reptum.

Săpio, săpui,

to favour, to be wise. So consipio, to be well in one's wits; desipio, to be foolish; resipio, to come to one's wits.

Cupio, cupivi, cupitum, to desire. So con-, dis-, per-cupio.

4. Pario, pěpěri, paritum, or partum, to bring forth a child, to get. Its compounds are of the fourth conjugation.

Quătio, quassi, quassum, to shake; but quassi is hardly used. Its compounds have cussi, cussum; as, concutio, concussi, concussum. So de-, dis-, ex-, in-, per-, re-, reper-, suc-cutio.

UO has ui, utum; as,

Arguo, argui, argutum, to show, to prove, or argue, to reprove. So co-, red-arguo, to confute. So,

Acuo, Exăcuo, to sharpen.

Batuo, vel battuo, to beat, to fight, to fence with foils.

Induo, to put on clothes.

Exuo, to put off clothes.

Imbuo, to wet or imbue, to season or instruct.
Minuo, to lessen: Com-, de-, di-, im-minuo.
Spuo, to spit: Con-, de-, ex-, in-spuo.

Stǎtuo, to set or place, to ordain.

Con-, de-, in-, præ-, pro-, re-, sub-stituo. Sternuo, to sneeze.

Suo, to sew or stitch, to tack together: As-, circum-, con-, dis-, præ-, rě-, suo.

Tribuo, to give, to divide: At-, con-, dis-, re

tribuo.

Exc. 1. Fluo, fluxi, fluxum, to flow. So af-, circum-, con-, de-, dif-, ef-, in-, inter-, per-, præter-, pro-, re-, subter-, super-, trans-fluo.

Struo, struxi, structum, to put in order, to build. So ad-, circum-, con-, de-, ex-, in-, ob-, præ-, sub-, super-struo.

Exc. 2. Luo, lui, luitum, to pay, to wash away, to suffer punishment. Its com

pounds have utum; as, abluo, -ui, -ūtum, to wash away, to purify. So al-, circum-, col-, de-, di-, e-, inter-, per-, pol-, pro-, sub-luo.

Ruo, rui, ruitum, to rush, to fall. Its compounds have ŭtum; as, diruo, dirui, dirutum, to overthrow. So é,- ob-, prō-, sub-ruo. Corruo and irruo, want the supine; as likewise do mětuo, to fear; pluo, to rain; ingruo, to assail; congruo, to agree; respuo, to reject, to slight; annuo, to assent; and the other compounds of the obsolete verb nuo; abnuo, to refuse; innuo, to nod, or beckon with the hand; rěnuo, to deny; all of which have ui in the preterite.

BO has bi, bitum; as,

Bibo, bibi, bibitum, to drink. So ad-, com-, e-, im-, per-, præ-bibo.

Exc. 1. Scribo, scripsi, scriptum, to write. So ad-, circum-, con-, de-, ex-, in-, inter-, per-, post-, præ-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, supra-, trans-scribo.

Nubo, nupsi, nuptum, to veil, to be married. So de-, e-, in-, ob-nubo. Instead of nupsi, we often find nupta sum.

Exc. 2. The compounds of cubo in this conjugation insert an m before the last syllable; as, accumbo, accubui, accubitum, to recline at table. So con-, de-, dis-, in-, oc-, pro-, re-, suc-, superin-cumbo, -cubui, -cubitum.

These two verbs want the supine; scabo, scābi, to scratch; lambo, lambi, to lick. So ad-, circum-, de-, præ-lambo.

Glubo and deglubo, to strip, to flay, want both preterite and supine.

CO.

1. Dico, dixi, dictum, to say. So ab-, ad-, con-, contra-, e-, in-, inter-, præ-, pro-dico.

Duco, duxi, ductum, to lead. So ab-, ad-, circum-, con-, de-, di-, e-, in-, intro-, ob-, per-, præ-, pro-, re-, se-, sub-, tra-, or trans-dúco.

2. Vinco, vici, victum, to overcome. So con-, de-, e-, per-, rě-vinco.

Parco, peperci, parsum, seldom parsi, parsitum, to spare. So comparco, or comperco, which is seldom used.

Ico, ici, ictum, to strike.

SCO has vi, tum; as,

Nosco, nōvi, nōtum, to know; future participle, nosciturus. So, Dignosco, to distinguish: ignosco, to pardon; also inter-, per, præ-nosco.

Cresco, -ěvi, -ētum, to grow: Con-, de-, ex-, re-, and without the supine, ac-, in-, per-, pro-, suc-,

super-cresco.

Quiesco, -ēvi, -ētum, to rest: Ac-, con-, inter-, re-quiesco.

Scisco, -ivi, itum, to ordain; ad-, or ascisco, to take, to associate; concisco, to vote, to commit; also præ-, re-scisco; descisco, to revoll.

Suesco, to be accustomed; as-, con-, de-, in-suesco, -ēvi, -ētum.

Exc. 1. Agnosco, agnōvi, agnitum, to own; cognosco, cognovi, cognitum, to know. So recognosco, to review.

Pasco, pāvi, pastum, to feed. So com-, de-pasco.

Exc. 2. The following verbs want the supine:

Disco, didici, to learn. So ad-, con-, de-, e-, per-, præ-disco, -didici.

Posco, poposci, to demand. So ap-, de-, ex-, re-posco.

Compesco, compescui, to stop, to restrain. So dispesco, dispescui, to separate.

Exc. 3. Glisco, to grow; fatisco, to be weary; and likewise inceptive verbs want both preterite and supine: as, aresco, to become dry. But these verbs borrow the preterite and supine from their primitives; as, ardesco, to grow hot, arsi, arsum, from ardeo.

Exc. 1. Divido, divisi, divisum, to divide.

Rado, rāsi, rāsum, to shave. So ab-, circum-, cor-, de-, e-, inter-, præ-,

rādo.

sub

Claudo, clausi, clausum, to close. So circum-, con-, dis-, ex-, in-, inter-, præ-, re-,' se-clūdo.

Plaudo, plausi, plausum, to clap hands for joy. So ap-, circum-plaudo: also com-, dis-, ex-, sup-plodo, -plosi, -plosum.

Ludo, lūsi, lusum, to play. So ab-, al-, col-, de-, e-, il-, inter-, ob-, prœ-, pro-, re-lūdo.

Trūdo, trūsi, trūsum, to thrust. So abs-, con-, de-, ex-, in-, ob-, pro-, re-trūdo. Lædo, læsi, læsum, to hurt. So al-, col-, e-, il-lido-, -lisi, -lisum.

Rōdo, rōsi, rōsum, to gnaw. So ab-, ar-, circum-, cor-, de-, e-, ob-, per-, præ-rodo. Vado, to go, wants both preterite and supine; but its compounds have si, sum; as, invado, invasi, invasum, to invade, or fall upon. So circum-, e-, super-vado.

Cedo, cessi, cessum, to yield. So abs-, ac-, ante-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, inter-, prœ-, pro-, rě-, retro-, se-, suc-cēdo.

Exc. 2. Pando, pandi, passum, and sometimes pansum, to open, to spread. So dis-, ex-, op-, præ-, re-pando.

Comědo, comedi, comēsum or comestum, to eat. But ĕdo itself, and the rest of its compounds, have always ēsum; as, ad-, amb-, ex-, per-, sub-, super-ědo, -ēdi,

-ēsum.

Fundo, fudi, fusum, to pour forth. So af-, circum-, con-, de-, dif-, ef-, in-, inter-, of-, per-, pro-, re-, suf-, super-, superin-, trans-fundo.

Scindo, scidi, scissum, to cut. So as-, circum-, con-, ex-, inter-, per-, præ-, pro-, tran-scindo.

re-,

Findo, fidi, fissum, to cleave. So con-, dif-, in-findo.

Exc. 3. Tundo, tŭtudi, tunsum, and sometimes tūsum, to beat. The compounds have tudi, tūsum; as, contundo, contudi, contusum, to bruise. So ex-, ob-, per-, re-tundo.

Cado, cecidi, cāsum, to fall. The compounds want the supine; as, ac-, con-, de-, ex-, inter-, pro-, suc-cido, -cidi: except, incido, incidi, incasum, to fall in; recido, recidi, recasum, to fall back; and occido, occidi, occasum, to fall down.

Cado, cecidi, cæsum, to cut, to kill. The compounds change æ into i long; as, accido, accidi, accisum, to cut about. So abs-, con-, circum-, de-, ex-, in-, inter-, oc-, per-, præ-, re-, suc-cido.

Tendo, tětendi, tensum or tentum, to stretch out. So at-, con-, de-, dis, ex-, ob-, præ-, pro-tendo-, -tendi, -tensum, or tentum. But the compounds have rather tentum, except ostendo, to show; which has commonly ostensum.

Pēdo, pěpēdi, peditum, to break wind backward. So op-pēdo.

Pendo, pependi, pensum, to weigh. So ap-, de-, dis-, ex-, im-, per-, re-, sus-pendo, -pendi, -pensum.

Exc. 4. The compounds of do have didi, and ditum; as, abdo, abdidi, abditum, to hide. So ad-, con-, de-, di-, ē-, ob-, per-, pro-, red-, sub-, tra-do: also, decon-, re-condo and coad-, superad-do; and deper-, disper-do. To these add credo, credidi, creditum, to believe; vendo, vendidi, venditum, to sell. Abscondo, to hide, has abscondi, absconditum, rarely abscondidi.

Exc. 5. These three want the supine: strido, strīdi, to creak; rudo, rūdi, to bray like an ass; and sido, sīdi, to sink down. The compounds of sido borrow the preterite and supine from sedeo; as, consido, consēdi, consessum, to sit down. So as-, circum-, de-, in-, ob-, per-, rě-, sub-sido.

Note. Several compounds of verbs in do and deo, in some respects resemble one another, and therefore should be carefully distinguished; as, concido, concedo, concido; consido and consideo; conscindo, conscendo, &c.

GO, GUO, has xi, ctum; as,

Rego, rexi, rectum, to rule, to govern; dirigo, -exi, -ectum, to direct; arigo and ērigo, -exi, -ectum, to raise up; corrigo, to correct; porrigo, to stretch out; subrigo, to raise up. So,

Cingo, cinxi, cinctum, to gird, to surround: Ac-,
dis-, circum-, in-, præ-, re-, suc-cingo.
Fligo, to dash, or beat upon: Af-, con-, in-fligo;
also pro-fligo, to rout, of the first conjugation.
Jungo, to join: abjungo, to separate: Ad-, con-,
de-, dis-, in-, inter-, se-, sub-jungo.

Lingo, to lick: de-, e-lingo; and pollingo, to
anoint a dead body.

Mungo, to wipe, or clean the nose.

Emungo, to wipe, to cheat.
Plango, to beat, to lament.
Stingo, or Stinguo, to dash out, to extinguish :
Di-, ex-, in-, inter-, præ-, re-stinguo.
Tego, to cover: Circum-, con-, de-, in-, ob-, per-,
præ-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-těgo.

Tingo, or Tinguo, to dip, or dye: Con-, in-tingo.
Ungo, or Unguo, to anoint: Ex-, in-, per-, super-
ungo.

Exc. 1. Surgo, to rise, has surrexi, surrectum. So as-, circum-, con-, de-, ex-, in-, re-surgo.

Pergo, porrexi, perrectum, to go forward.

Stringo, strinxi, strictum, to bind, to strain, to lop. So ad-, con-, de-, dis-, ob-, per-, præ-, re-, sub-stringo.

Fingo, finxi, fictum, to feign. So af-, con-, ef-, re-fingo.

Pingo, pinxi, pictum, to paint. So ap-, de-pingo.

Exc. 2. Frango, fregi, fractum, to break. So con-, de-, dif-, ef-, in-, per-, præ-, re-, suf-fringo, fregi, fractum.

Ago, égi, actum, to do, to drive. So ab-, ad-, ex-, red-, sub-, trans-, transad-go, and circum-, per-ago: cōgo, for coago, coēgi, coactum, to bring together, to force.

These three compounds of ago want the supine: sătǎgo, sategi, to be busy about a thing; prodigo, prodēgi, to layish, or spend riotously; dego, for deago; dēgi, to live or dwell. Ambigo, to doubt, to dispute, also wants the preterite.

Lego, legi, lectum, to gather, to read. So al-, per-, præ, re-, sub-lěgo: also, col-, de-, e-, recol-, se-ligo, which change i into ē.

Diligo, to love, has dilexi, dilectum. So negligo, to neglect; and intelligo, to understand; but negligo has sometimes neglēgi, Sall. Jug. 40.

Exc. 3. Tango, tetigi, tactum, to touch. So at-, con-, ob-, per-tingo; thus attingo, attigi, attactum, &c.

Pungo, pupugi, punctum, to prick, or sting. The compounds have punxi; as, compungo, compunxi, compunctum. So dis-, ex-, inter-pungo; but repungo has repunxi, or repupugi.

Pango, panxi, pactum, to fix, to drive in, to compose: or pegigi, which comes from the obsolete verb pago, to bargain, for which we use paciscor. The compounds of pango have pēgi; as, compingo, compēgi, compactum, to put together. So im-, ob-, sup-pingo.

Exc. 4. Spargo, sparsi, sparsum, to spread. So ad-, circum-, con-, di-, in-, inter-, per-, pro-, re-spergo.

Mergo, mersi, mersum, to dip, or plunge. So de-, e-, im-, sub-mergo.

Tergo, tersi, tersum, to wipe, or clean. So abs-, de-, ex-, per-tergo.

Figo, fixi, fixum, to fix, or fasten. So af-, con-, de-, in-, of-, per-, præ-, re-, suf-, trans-figo.

Frigo, frixi, frixum or frictum, to fry.

Exc. 5. These three want the supine: clango, clanxi, to sound a trumpet; ningo, or ninguo, ninxi, to snow; ango, anxi, to vex. Vergo, to incline, or lie outwards, wants both preterite and supine. So e-, de-, in-vergo.

HO, JO.

1. Traho, traxi, tractum, to draw. So abs-, at-, circum-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, per-, pro-, re-, sub-trăho.

Veho, vexi, vectum, to carry. So a-, ad-, circum-, con-, di-, e-, in-, per-, præ-, præter-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-věho.

2. Mejo, or mingo, minxi, mictum, to make water. So immejo.

LO.

1. Colo, colui, cultum, to adorn, to inhabit, to honour, to till. So ac-, circum-. erin-, per-, præ-, re-colo: and likewise occulo, occului, occultum, to hide.

Consulo, consului, consultum, to advise or consult.

Alo, ălui, alitum, or contracted, altum, to nourish.