Molo, molui, molitum, to grind. So com-, e-, per-molo. The compounds of cello, which itself is not in use, want the supine; as, ante-, ex-, præ-cello, -cellui, to excel. Percello, to strike, to astonish, has perculi, perculsum. So ap-, as-, com-, de-, dis-, ex-, im-, per-, pro-, Pello, pepuli, pulsum, to thrust. re-pello; appuli, appulsum, &c. Fallo, fefelli, falsum, to deceive. But refello, refelli, to confute, wants the supine. 3. Vello, velli or vulsi, vulsum, to pull, or pinch. So a-, con-, e-, inter-, prœ-, re-vello. But de-, di-, per-vello, have rather velli. Sallo, salli, salsum, to salt. Psallo, psalli, —, to play on a musical instrument, wants the supine. Tollo, to lift up, to take away, in a manner peculiar to itself, makes sustuli, and sublātum; extollo, extuli, elātum; but attollo, to take up, has neither preterite nor supine. MO has ui, ĭtum; as, Gěmo, gěmui, gemitum, to groan. So ad-, or ag-, circum-, con-, in-, re-gěmo. Fremo, fremui, fremitum, to rage or roar, to make a great noise. So af-, circum-, con-, in-, per-fremo. Võmo, êvŏmo, -ui, -itum, to vomit or spew, to cast up. Sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, to take. So ab-, as-, con-, de-, in-, præ-, re-, tran-sūmo. These verbs are also used without the p; as, demsi, demtum; sumsi, sumtum, &c. Exc. 2. Emo, emi, emptum or emtum, to buy. So ad-, dir-, ex-, inter-, per-, redimo and co-ěmo, -emi, -emptum or emtum. Premo, pressi, pressum, to press. So ap-, com-, de-, ex-, im-, op-, per-, re-, supprimo. Trěmo, trěmui, to tremble, to quake for fear, wants the supine. So at-, circum-, con-, in-trěmo. NO. 1. Pōno, posui, positum, to put, or place. So ap-, ante-, circum-, com-, de-, dis-, ex-, im-, inter-, ob-, post-, præ-, pro-, re-, se-, sup-, super-, superim-, trans-pōno. Gigno, genui, genitum, to beget. So con-, e-, in-, per-, pro-, re-gigno. Căno, cecini, cantum, to sing. But the compounds have cinui and centum ; as, accino, accinui, accentum, to sing in concert. So con-, in-, præ-, suc-cino; oc-cino, and oc-căno; re-cino, and re-căno. But occanui, recanui, are not in use. So de-, ex-promo. Temno, to despise, wants both preterite and supine; but its compound contemno, to despise, to scorn, has contempsi, contemptum; or without the p, contemsi, contemtum. 2. Sperno, sprēvi, sprētum, to disdain or slight. So desperno. Sterno, strāvi, stratum, to lay flat, to strow. So ad-, con-, in-, præ-, pro-, sub sterno. Sino, sivi or sii, situm, to permit. So desino, desīvi, oftener desii, desitum, to leave off. Lino, livi, or levi, litum, to anoint or daub. So al-, circum-, col-, de-, il, inter-, ob-, per-, prœ-, re-, sub-, subter-, super-, superil-lìno. Cerno, crēvi, seldom crētum, to see, to decree, to enter upon an inheritance. So de-, dis-, ex-, in-, se-cerno. PO, QUO. Verbs in po have psi and ptum; as, Carpo, carpsi, carptum, to pluck or pull, to crop, to blame. So con-, de-, dis-, ex-, præ-cerpo, -cerpsi, cerptum. Scalpo, to scratch or engrave: So circum-, ex- Sculpo, to grave or carve. So ex-, in-sculpo. make a noise. So ad-, circum-, in-, inter-, Clěpo, -psi, -ptum, to steal. Exc. 1. Strepo, strěpui, strěpitum, to ob-, per-strepo. Exc. 2. Rumpo, rupi, ruptum, to break. So ab-, cor-, di-, e-, inter-, intro-, ir-, ob-, per-, præ-, pro-rumpo. There are only two simple verbs ending in QUO, viz. Coquo, coxi, coctum, to boil. So con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, per-, re-còquo. Linquo, liqui, —, to leave. The compounds have lictum; as, relinquo, reliqui, relictum, to forsake. So de-, and dērě-linquo. 1 RO. 1. Quæro, makes quæsivi, quæsitum, to seek. So ac-, an-, con-, dis-, ex-, in-, per-, re-quiro, -quisīvi, -quisitum. 1 Těro, trivi, tritum, to wear, to bruise. So at-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, ob-, per-, pro-, sub-tĕro. Verro, verri, versum, to sweep, brush, or make clean. So ā-, con-, dē-, ē-, prœ-, rě-verro. Ūro, ussi, ustum, to burn. So ăd-, amb-, comb-, de-, ex-, în-, pĕr-, sub-ūro. 2. Curro, cucurri, cursum, to run. So ac-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, oc-, per-, prœ-, prō-curro, which sometimes doubles the first syllable, and sometimes not; as, accurri, or accucurri, &c. Circum-, re-, suc-, trans-curro, hardly ever redouble the first syllable. 3. Sĕro, sēvi, sătum, to sow. The compounds which signify planting or sowing, have sevi, situm; as, consĕro, consevi, consitum, to plant together. So as-, circum-, dē-, dis-, in-, inter-, ob-, pro-, rè-, sub-, tran-sĕro. Sero,, to knit, had anciently serui, sertum, which its compounds still retain; as, assero, asserui, assertum, to claim. So con-, circum-, de-, dis-, ēdis-, ex-, in-, inter-sĕro. 4. Furo, to be mad, wants both preterite and supine. SO has sīvi, situm; as, Arcesso, arcessīvi, arcessitum, to call, or send for. So căpesso, to take; făcesso, to do, to go away; lacesso, to provoke. Exc. 1. Viso, visi, 9 to go to see, to visit. So in-, re-viso. Incesso, incessi, to attack, to seize. , Exc. 2. Depso, depsui, depstum, to knead. So con-, per-depso. TO. 1. Flecto, has flexi, flectum, to bow. So circum-, de-, in-, re-, retro-flecto. Plecto, plexi and plexui, plexum, to plait. So implecto. Necto, nexi and nexui, nexum, to tie, or knit. So ad-, vel an-, con-, circum-, in-, sub-necto. Pecto, pexi and pexui, pexum, to dress, or comb. So de-, ex-, re-pecto. 2. Měto, messui, messum, to reap, mow, or cut down. So de-, e-, præ-měto. 3. Pěto, pětivi, pětitum, to seek, to pursue. So ap-, com-, ex-, im-, op-, re-, sup-pěto. Mitto, misi, missum, to send. So a-, ad-, com-, circum-, dē-, di-, ē-, im-, inter-, intro-, ō-, per-, præ, præter, prō-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-mitto. Verto, verti, versum, to turn. So a-, ad-, animad-, ante-, circum-, con-, de-, di-, en-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, præ-, præter-, re-, sub-, trans-verto. Sterto, stertui, to snore. So de-sterto. 9 4. Sisto, an active verb, to stop, has stiti, stătum; but sisto, a neuter verb, to stand still, has stěti, stătum, like sto. The compounds have stiti, and stĭtum; as, assisto, astiti, astitum, to stand by. So ab-, circum-, cor-, de-, ex-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, re-, sub-sisto. But the compounds are seldom used in the supine. VO, XO. There are three verbs in vo, which are thus conjugated : 1. Vivo, vixi, victum, to live. So ad-, con-, per-, pro-, re-, super-vivo. Solvo, solvi, solutum, to loose. Volvo, volvi, võlutum, to roll. rě-, sub-volvo. 2. Texo, to weave, (the only verb of this conjugation ending in xo,) has texui, textum. So at-, circum-, con-, de-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, præ-, pro-, re-, sub-texo. So absolvo, to acquit, dis-, ex-, per-, re-solvo. Fourth Conjugation. Verbs of the fourth conjugation make the preterite in ivi, and the supine in ītum ; as, Munio, munivi, munitum, to fortify. Exc. 1. Singultio, singultīvi, singultum, to sob. So ad-, ante-, circum-, con-, contra-, de-, e-, in-, inter-, intro-, ob-, per-, post-, præ-, sub-, super-věnio. Vēneo, věnii, to be sold. 9 Salio, sălui, and sălii, saltum, to leap. The compounds have commonly silui, sometimes silii, or silivi and sultum; as, transilio, transilui, transilii and transilivi, transultum, to leap over. So ab-, as-, circum-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, re-, sub-, super-silio. Exc. 2. Amicio, has amicui, amictum, seldom amixi, to cover or clothe. Sancio, sanxi, sanctum; and sancīvi, sancitum, to establish or ratify. Sepio, sepsi, septum, to hedge or enclose. So circum-, dis-, inter-, ob-, præ-sēpio. Haurio, hausi, haustum, rarely hausum, to draw out, to empty, to drink. So de-, ex-haurio. So as-, con-, dis-, per-, prœ-, Sentio, sensi, sensum, to feel, to perceive, to think. sub-sentio. Raucio, rausi, rausum, to be hoarse. Exc. 4. Sarcio, sarsi, sartum, to mend or repair. So ex-, re-sarcio. Farcio, farsi, fartum, to cram. So con-fercio; ef-fercio, or ef-farcio; in-fercio, or in-farcio; re-fercio. Fulcio, fulsi, fultum, to prop or uphold. So con-, ef-, in-, per-, suf-fulcio. Exc. 5. The compounds of pario have perui, pertum ; as, apěrio, aperui, apertum, to open. So opěrio, to shut, to cover. But comperio has compèri, compertum, to know a thing for certain. Rěpěrio, repĕri, repertum, to find. Exc. 6. The following verbs want the supine. Cœcutio, cæcutivi, to be dim-sighted. Gestio, gestivi, to show one's joy by the gesture of his body. Glocio, glòcivi, to cluck or cackle as a hen. Dementio, dementivi, to be mad. Ineptio, ineptivi, to play the fool. Prōsilio, prosilui, to leap forth. Fěrōcio, ferōcivi, to be fierce. Ferio, to strike, wants both preterite and supine. So refĕrio, to strike again. DEPONENT AND COMMON VERBS. A deponent verb is that which, under a passive form, has an active or neuter signification; as, Loquor, I speak; morior, I die. A common verb, under a passive form, has either an active or passive signification; as, Criminor, I accuse, or I am accused. Most deponent verbs of old, were the same with common verbs. They are called Deponent, because they have laid aside the passive sense. Deponent and common verbs form the participle perfect in the same manner as if they had the active voice; thus, Lætor, lætatus, lætāri, to rejoice; věreor, veritus, věrēri, to fear; fungor, functus, fungi, to discharge an office; potior, põtītus, potīri, to enjoy, to be master of. The learner should be taught to go through all the parts of deponent and common verbs, by proper examples in the several conjugations; thus, lætor, of the first conjugation, like amor : Indicative Mode. Present. Lætor, I rejoice; lætāris, vel -āre, thou rejoicest, &c. Perfect. Lætatus sum vel fui,* I have rejoiced, &c. Lætabor, I shall or will rejoice; lætaběris, or -aběre, &c. Imperative. Present. Latare vel -ātor, rejoice thou: lætator, let him rejoice, &c. Present. Lætari, to rejoice. Perfect. Lætatus esse vel fuisse, to have rejoiced. Future. Present. Future. Lætaturus fuisse, to have been about to rejoice. Participles. Lætans, rejoicing. Lætatus, having rejoiced. Lætaturus, about to rejoice. In like manner conjugate in the First Abominor, to abhor. repartee. Apricor, to bask in the sun. Aspernor, to despise. Auctionor, to sell by auction. Auxilior, to assist. blame. Circulor, to meet in companies, to stroll, to talk. Comessor, to revel. Comitor, to accompany. Epůlor, to feast. Glōrior, to boast. Hortor, to encourage. to err. Conjugation, Imaginor, to conceive. Insector, to pursue, to inveigh Insidior, to lie in wait. Měditor, to muse, or ponder. Commentor, to meditate on, or Mětor, to measure. write what one is to say. Minor, to threaten. Modŭlor, to play a tune. Cornicor, to chatter like a crow. Munĕror, to present. Criminor, to blame. Mutuor, to borrow. Pālor, to stroll or straggle. Palpor, or -o, to stroke or soothe. Populor, and -o, to lay waste. Deprecor, to entreat, to pray Procor, to ask, to woo. Scrütor, to search. Suffragor, to vote for one, to favour. Suspicor, to suspect. Tergiversor, to boggle, to put off. Tútor, to defend. Vădor, to give bail, to force to Vagor, to wander. * Fui, fueram, &c. are seldom joined to the participles of deponent verbs ; and not so often to those of passive verbs, as, sum, eram, &c. Měreor, měrĭtus, to deserve. In the Second Conjugation, Polliceor, pollicitus, to promise. Amplector, amplexus; and complector, complexus, to embrace. In the Fourth Conjugation, Blandior, to soothe, to flatter. Molior, to attempt something difficult. Sortior, to draw or cast lots. Participle Perfect, Blanditus, mentitus, molitus, partitus, sortitus, largitus. EXCEPTIONS IN THE SECOND CONJUGATION. Reor, ratus, to think. Misereor, misertus, or not contracted, miseritus, to pity. Fateor, fassus, to confess. The compounds of fateor have fessus; as, profiteor, professus, to profess. So confiteor, to confess, to own or acknowledge. 1 EXCEPTIONS IN THE THIRD CONJUGATION. Labor, lapsus, to slide. So al-, col-, de-, di-, e-, il-, inter-, per-, præter-, pro-, re-, sub-, subter-, super-, trans-labor. Ulciscor, ultus, to revenge. Utor, usus, to use. So ab-, de-útor. Loquor, loquutus, or locutus, to speak. pro-loquor. So al-, col-, circum-, e-, inter-, ob-, præ-, Sequor, sequutus, or secutus, to follow. So as-, con-, ex-, in-, ob-, per-, pro-, re-, sub-sequor. Queror, questus, to complain. So con-, inter-, præ-queror. Nitor, nisus, or nixus, to endeavour, to lean upon. So ad-, vel an-, con-, e-, in-, ob-, re-, sub-nitor: but the compounds have oftener nixus. Păciscor, pactus, to bargain. So de-peciscor. Grădior, gressus, to go. So ag-, ante-, circum-, con-, de-, di-, e-, in-, intro-, præ-, prætĕr-, pro-, re-, retro-, sug-, super-, trans-grědior. Proficiscor, profectus, to go a journey. Nanciscor, nactus, to get. Patior, passus, to suffer. So per-pětior. Apiscor, aptus, to get. So adipiscor, adeptus; and indipiscor, indeptus. Fruor, fruitus or fructus, to enjoy. So per fruor. Obliviscor, oblitus, to forget. Expergiscor, experrectus, to awake. Morior, mortuus, to die. So com-, de-, e-, im-, inter-, præ-mărior. Nascor, natus, to be born. So ad-, circum-, de-, e-, in-, inter-, re-, sub-nascor. Orior, ortus, orīri, to rise. So ab-, ad-, co-, ex-, ob-, sub-ōrior. The three last form the future participle in iturus; thus, moriturus, nascitūrus, ŏrĭtūrus. EXCEPTIONS IN THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. Metior, mensus, to measure. So ad-, com-, di-, è-, præ-, re-mētior. Opperior, oppertus, to wait or tarry for one. The following verbs want the participle perfect : Vescor, vesci, to feed. Liquor, liqui, to melt or be dissolved. Rěminscor, reminisci, to remember. Ringor, ringi, to grin like a dog. Prævertor, præverti, to get before, to outrun. Divertor, diverti, to turn aside, to take lodging. The verbs which do not fall under any of the foregoing rules are called Irregular. H |