under the TRIAD- Substance and Accident, Cause and Effect, Action and Reaction. This at first may appear a somewhat complicated process; but the mind accomplishes it as quick as thought, for it is the very essence of thinking, though neither sufficiently known nor accurately attended to. Thus, when I think of a rose in general, it is a CONCEPTION, comprehending all the variety of roses in the world; but, when I pluck a particular rose, this is an INTUITION, or one that is included in the first Triad as to NUMBER, and having certain properties and qualities comprised in the second triad as to DEGREE; and, lastly, it stands under every member of the third triad, first as being a subsisting rose, which fills SPACE and occupies TIME, and thus while present is PERMANENT; secondly, as being produced by the rose-bush, it is the Effect of a Cause, and thus evanescent or Successive; finally, while held in the hand, it has its place in space fully DETERMINED by the reaction of the hand, otherwise it would fall to the ground. This process is called giving an intelligible form to the INTUITION, or placing the particular rose under the CONCEPTION, and thus constituting it a knowable object. We now say-"I know it is a rose."

It must be obvious that these are the self-same "CATEGORIES" employed in a former chapter to construct the objects of nature. To this circumstance Logic, however, pays no regard. Finding so many original notions stored up in the mind, it makes no scruple to employ them, without inquiring whence they came; but it instantly uses these triads as so many CONCEPTIONS, which it predicates of the INTUITIONS, on which it exerts its judging functions. These CONCEPTIONS. are the most general forms of natural objects; that is, the manner in which INTUITIONS are connected, in order to render them intelligible objects, or they are the most general CONCEPTIONS under which natural objects can be classed. When the "CATEGORIES" are employed to construct the objects of nature, this process is called the Constitutive use of UnderSTANDING; but, when merely employed to classify the objects already constructed, it is termed the Regulative use of UNDERSTANDING. The INTUITION, rose,

being thus not only fully constructed, but absolutely determined as to Quantity, Quality, and Relation, it only remains now to show the mode of its existence, under the TRIAD of being in any time, in a certain

time, or in all time- that is, whether the rose is

POSSIBLE, ACTUAL, or NECESSARY. Here we have no difficulty in determining the case; for, holding the rose in our hand we are sure that it is an actual rose, and must be classed among existing things in the triad MODALITY.

Logic, finding these twelve original CONCEPTIONS ready prepared in the mind, does not hesitate to make use of this compound of triads, and to erect them into twelve PRIMITIVE JUDGMENTS, which it also arranges under the four heads of Quantity, Quality, Relation, Modality, in distinct triads, precisely corresponding with the original triads which constitute the UNDERSTANDING. Though this perfect set of triads was collected and arranged by Aristotle, more than three centuries before the birth of our "Saviour," yet the roots from which they spring the CATEGORIES

were not unfolded to us till within the last half century. The remarkable coincidence that exists between each Category and its corresponding Judgment is so striking as to require no further proof of their correctness. The CATEGORIES, however, are not left to this slender proof of their truth and completeness: they carry with them an internal CONVICTION of their absolute perfection; of the total impossibility of dispensing with any one

of them, changing their order, or either augmenting or diminishing their number. This set of triads, therefore, stands forth triumphantly in proof of our assertion that the TRIUNE PRINCIPLE is coeval with the human mind, for it constitutes its very essence.

The attempt to prove the absolute completeness of Aristotle's JUDGMENTS has been a very favourite occupation with the learned for many successive centuries. The erudition which has been bestowed on this fascinating investigation is almost incredible. Yet this perfect set of triads has never undergone any change— nay, when a truth or a principle is discovered the more it is investigated the stronger becomes the CONVICTION of it. How, then, can it undergo a change! The principle of circularity must have been as perfect in the mind of Adam-if he ever conceived a circle

as at

the present day; and it can never change, so long as a human mind exists to form the CONCEPTION of a circle. So much for the accuracy of Aristotle's set of triads, or the twelve original principles of Judgment.

The twelve CATEGORIES, which are the aborigines, the primitive roots, the first principles, whence all nature springs — as well as the twelve original JudgMENTS of Aristotle must be absolutely capable of

producing, from their own pure nature, a conviction of their truth, so complete and overpowering as to defy all controversy: for, showing them to be principles, we at once stamp them as self-evident and necessary truths, inhabiting the infinite abode of ETERNITY, where error cannot exist. It will be extremely interesting to see each of these Judgments growing up from its original root-"CATEGORY"-and to trace the strong affinity that subsists between them, so that the correctness of the long-proved table of JUDGMENTS seems, as it were, to establish the truth of the twelve original principles of intellect, which, however, do not in the least stand in need of this extraneous support, but carry with them a full conviction of their own all-perfect completeness*. This absolute completeness of the CATEGORIES does not in the least diminish the interest we feel in tracing the happy coincidence which occurs when truth meets truth. For this purpose we shall so arrange the table of "CATEGORIES" and the table of JUDGMENTS that on mere inspection the whole of this captivating

* The whole of this procedure is formally proved and fully demonstrated in a treatise on "Logic"-which I published about twenty years since, with illustrative plates—in which the supremacy of Moral Belief, or the "Conviction of REASON," over Knowledge is also established – in the ENCYCLOPEDIA LONDINENSIS, Vol. XIII., page 12, Art. LOGIC.