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38. Idem (agreeing with egomet)=also, at the same time. Z. 2 697. 73 I will treat equally.

39. Juxta geram

3-38. Decebat, it would become, for deceret, to give the conclu- 74 sion the appearance of greater certainty. A. & S. 2 259, Rem. 3, (a) and (b); H. 475, 4; B. 1274; A. 308, c; Z. § 518; Mg. 348, e. 5. Liberis, for his children: dat. limiting optavit, which has for object the object-clause uti-forent. 6. Magis, sc. optavit. 14. Classibus. Instead of convening the people in the Campus Martius and calling them by. their centuries for enlistment, Marius allowed them to offer themselves indiscriminately for service. And instead of selecting the soldiers exclusively from the five upper classes, arranged according to their census, he enlisted most of his men from the sixth or lowest of all, the members of which, having no fortunes, were only polled, capite censi. This practice was continued in later times, and the Roman soldiers, instead of having a stake and interest in the institutions of the commonwealth, became for the most part needy men, who served only for pay and plunder. M. 15. Capite censos, rated by the head, having no property. See preceding note. Factum, sc. esse. 19. Sua (their own affairs), 80. sunt. Cara. Some MSS. read curae. Quippe quae because they. 20. Cum pretio, (if attended) with reward. 27. Expletis, by the recent levies. 38. Divorsi (=diversi) in different directions.

2-37. Laxius, looser in discipline, licentius, more unrestrained 75 in conduct. "Sometimes sum is used with an adverb which denotes way, manner, instead of an adjective. So also we find the expressions, recte sunt omnia (all is well)," etc. Madvig, ? 209, b, Obs. 2. 3. Metellus received the honor of a triumph and the surname of Numidicus. 8. Contra, the opposite. 12. In itinere, on their way. 13. Armis, by compelling him to fly and leave them behind him. 14. Quae = that these things, sc. esse. Modo, merely, only. Neque-patrandi, and that they did not appertain to ending the war. Belli is the possessive predicate gen. after esse understood. A. & S. 2 211, Rem. 8, 3; H. 402, I.; B. 780; A. 214, d. 18. Nudatum, sc. fore, (and not esse, as is suggested by the following fut. certaturum esse), a fut. perf. infin. A. & S. 268, Rem. 4, (b); H. 544, 2; B. 1134; Z. 2594; Mg. 410, Obs. 2. 23. Solitus. Supply sit (making subjunct. of indirect question). 26. Mediocria, moderate operations. 28. In manus to close quarters, in fighting. 32. Hercules Libys. The Libyan Hercules is the same as the Tyrian and Phoenician, the legendary discoverer and conqueror of Africa in the Carthaginian mythology. M. 33. Levi, under a mild. 37. Propinqua, the parts adjacent.

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1-39. Siti, ablat. 3. Cum-tum. See note on line 8, p. 18. 8. Jugi, from jugis. Cetera, sc. aqua. 9. Id, i. e. the scarcity of water. 10. Incultius agebat lived more rudely, quae being used for qui Afri. 13. Advorsus (= adversus), i. e. to appease. 19. Arvo, lit. to ploughed land, i. e. to agriculture. Natum fuerat, had been produced, from the soil. 22. Pro considering. 23. Exornat agrees with consul, line 15. 24. Agendum, to be driven along. The part. in dus here expresses purpose. A. & S. 2 274, Rem. 7, (a); H. 578, V. 31. Centurias refers to the infantry, turmas to the cavalry. 34. Cum, after. 39. Aqua modo, with water only.

1-39. Visum, sc. est, seemed proper. 2. Proxuma, sc. nocte. 3. Tertia, sc. nocte. 5. Intervallo, ablat. of extent of space. Amplius does not influence the case of milium. A. & S. § 256, Rem. 6, (a); H. 417, 3; B. 900; A. 247, c. 10. Obsidere, probably from obsido. Cf. Cat. 45. 12. Res trepidae their alarmed condition. 14. Coegere, compelled, is followed by the object-clause uti facerent. 15. Incensum (est). 16. Venum dati (sunt). See note on line 29, p. 32. 17. Contra jus belli. Because the citizens had surrendered. 19. Aditu may be either a supine or a noun. (There seems to be good reason for regarding the supine in u as simply one of the different forms of verbal nouns, and as possessing little of the distinctive verbal character). 26. Ferre, sc. eum= Marium. 29. Nutu by the will. 32. Igni, ablat. 34. Plerisque (most of them), sc. locis. 35. Qua (as) (res) Capsensium (erat). Qua is ablat. of description or quality, by attraction from asperitate. 38. Inter ceteram, lit. in the midst of the rest of

in the midst of; there was a single mountain, the rest was plain. 39. Castello, dat. limiting patens.

5-39. Consilio, from deliberation: ablat. of cause. 8. Iter castellanorum, the path of the occupants of the castle, for going out and coming in. 12. Pro opere, in front of the works, i. e. the vines. 13. Optumus quisque all the bravest. A. & S. 2 207, Rem. 35, (b); H. 458, 1; B. 1052; A. 93, e; G. 305. 17. Trahere, deliberated. 20. Aestuans - in great agitation, perplexity. 23. Proeliantibus, sc. iis, from those fighting from the combatants: ablat. gov. by a legendi. 26. Summum montis, 28. Faciundi (= faciendi), of undertaking. Vortit, diverts, from its previous purpose. 30. Modo =now; at first. Inflexa, aucta = bending, growing. 31. Cuncta gignentium, all (of) plants. Cujus=by its. 35. Eadem, sc. via. 38. Ab-parte, in that direction. 39. Temptet, sc. ut.

in composition. 25. Legundi
instead of summum montem.

Offenradices: Quibus

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1-38. Order: Marius misit (quosdam) ex (iis) praesentibus cum 79 Ligure cognitum ejus promissa. 5. Copia, the whole number. 10. Ex, in accordance with. 11. Fergit, sc. Ligus. 14. Nisusque, and their clumbering. 16. Gratia simul both on account. sa, when struck against anything. 18. Vinciebat, sc. eas the imperf. of completed action frequently performed. ut eis, and hence escenderent, subjunct. of purpose. 20. Insolentia, on account of the strangeness: ablat. of cause after timidos. 23. Potissumus, he first of all. 24. Eadem, sc. via. Digrediens, stepping aside. 31. Testudine acta succedere, a testudo having been formed he began to advance. A testudo (tortoise) is a body of soldiers arranged in a compact mass, each holding his shield over his head, and the shields of the entire body fitting so closely together as to form a protection against stones, arrows, darts, etc. Also, a military machine moving upon wheels and roofed over, used in besieging cities, under which the soldiers worked in undermining the walls, plying the battering-ram, etc. Dict. Antiqq. 37. Jugurthae under Jugurtha, as their master. Genitive. 38. Rebus, ablat. of cause.

2-38. Signa canere, the signals sounded. So R. J., but M. sup- 80 plies cornicines as the subject. 4. Uti quisque, etc., i. e. they fled back to the fortress in the order in which they were nearest to the wall. 7. Tantummodo sauciare, in their haste to secure the fortress. 13. Quos agrees with the plural idea implied in equitatu. Ex Latio, i. e. such Italian towns as had the Latin franchise (ex sociis Latini nominis). 15. Nos viri. A. & S. 2 218; H. 410, I.; B. 793; A. 219; G. 375. Res, the subject. 16. Cultuque, and character, habits. 19. Persecutus, having treated. Parum libero ore, in a style not sufficiently free, i. e. from partiality. 24. Otio luxurioso, of voluptuous ease, "debauched in his intervals of ease." 25. Remorata (est eum). De uxore, lit. in regard to a wife in regard to his marriages. Plutarch says Sulla married five wives, and was besides a man of the most profligate morals. Potuit-consuli (sc. ab eo) = he might have acted more honorably: potuit is used impersonally. 27. Ad- negotia, for giving a false color to affairs in the arts of dissimulation. 29. Felicissumo. Sulla assumed the title of Felix. 30. Victoriam, over the Marian party. 31. (Utrum) fortior, etc. 32. Quae fecerit =ea (=talia) quae fecerit (subjunct. of result).

Pudeat, sc. me,= = I should be ashamed. 37. Tempestatibus time, but the idea seems to be "after a few trials" at the business. 33. Multis, dative. Per se, of his own accord, unasked. 1-39. Aes mutuum, borrowed money. 2. Magis -- laborare, he 81

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81 strove rather for this. Illi sibi. 5. Solet, sc. facere. 7. Manu, in action. 14. Quem that he. 15. Belli rationes, the arguments for war, the considerations, the reasons, for and against. 18. Expulsi (forent). 23. Victis, if conquered, supplies the protasis (condition), and: si victi essent. A. & S. 2 261, Rem. 4; H. 503, III. 2; B. 1354. 24. Nullo is by most editors regarded as an old form of the dative (frequent in the early writers), but nullo impedimento may be ablat. of quality, and is so taken by R. J. 25. Contra, on the other hand. 26. Difficiliorem, more difficult, to attain, in case of victory; to mitigate, in case of defeat. 27. Simul, together at one and the same time. 30. Signum, the watchword. 37. Latrocinio, a contest with robbers. 38. Equites-caedere refers to the enemy: An. says, to the Romans and Numidians. 39. Alios, alios, multos, refer to the Romans.

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1-38. Advorsos (= adversos) those opposed to them. 4. Et ob ea. If the passage is not corrupt, the sense must be that the Romans were skilled in war because composed of veterans and recruits who had been associated with veterans. Some editors omit novique, others enclose it in brackets. The words are found in the best MSS. 5. Orbes, circular lines of battle, the advantage of which was that every part of such lines became a point of resistance. 9. Demisso animo, of downcast spirit = downcast in spirit. 13. Manu, with his own hand, wielding the sword. 17. Pro se, for them in their favor. 18. Ex-rerum, in accordance with the condition of affairs: lit. out of a given number of things (which he might do). Trahitforms. 20. Inter se to one another. 25. Neque non. 26. Pleno gradu, at a quick step. The ordinary step was at the rate of twenty miles in five hours; the quick step, twenty-four miles in the same time. Vegetius, cited by An. and M. 28. Longius, too far from the field of battle. 33. Pro like, as if. Ex, on account of, because while the Romans were in darkness, the enemy had made numerous camp-fires. 38. Per vigilias, during the watches, at the end of each, when the trumpet was sounded and the guard relieved in turn. M. translates "for the watches."

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6-38. Providere, to guard against. 7. Strepitu, by reason of the uproar: ablat. of cause. 9. Vecordia is the subject. 17. Pariter atque

the same as if, just as if. 18. Quadrato agmine = with his army in column, in regular order of battle, in the form of a parallelogram, "arranged for defence in front, flanks, and rear, with the baggage in the middle." 19. Dextumos, the extreme right. 21. Primos extremos, in the front and rear. 24. Imposito=had been placed

Pago

over (the army). 27. Milites cogebat, he compelled the soldiers 83 (to act in the same manner). Neque atque, nor otherwise than

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and just as, taking the same precautions. 28. Excubitum, supine. 31. Non-futurum, not so much from a distrust (that those things) would be done. We must supply ea as antecedent of quae and subject of futurum (esse), which ought then to be futura (esse). M. remarks that "Aulus Gellius shows by many instances that the fut. in rus was used by old writers as an infinitive, without regard to concord in number and gender. This unusual construction has perplexed the transcribers, and occasioned great variations in the MSS." R. J. suggests that Sallust wrote factum iri. 32. Militibus volentibus willingly performed by the soldiers, lit. to the soldiers desiring it, in imitation, as previously remarked, of a well-known Greek construction. 35. Pudore, from their sense of shame. Malo poena. 37. Consuetam habuisset he had been accustomed to. 38. Nisi tamen, but yet.

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1-37. Res, welfare. Pariter ac, just as well as (under). 2. Decōre, 84 an adv. 4. Citi at full speed. 6. Divorsi, in different directions. 11. Ex-venturos (esse), that out of all (the whole number) some in any case (aeque) would come in the rear of the enemy. Aeque, lit. equally, i. e. some part of the line, no matter what: ohne Unterschied in jedem Falle. R. J. Hostibus is dat. of disadvantage. 15. In loco, in position. 16. In manus, to close quarters. 20. Invadunt. A. & S. 2 209, Rem. 12, (6); H. 461, 4; B. 645. 24. Loqui, sc. Latine. 29. Atrocitate, “at the dreadful nature.” 35. Adeptam, here passive. 37. Omnibus, i. e. who were near him.

5-39. Niti modo, sc. surgere, they merely made an effort (to 85 rise). 6. Qua, where: =Ɑ8 8 far as. 8. Ea loci that time. Alse written postea loci. 10. Postquam, five days after, or, the fifth day after. Postquam is considered an adv. and diem accus. of duration of time (=post quinque dies). The expression admits of great variety of form. Z. ? 477. 13. Mitteret. Supply ut. 17. Aut aut has the force of if-or if. 19. Aetati, to his age, because Sulla was the more eloquent. Concessum (est) = the concession was made: or, Manlius yielded. 20. Rex Bocche. "In prose addresses the vocative is usually put after some other words in the proposition. Yet it may be prefixed with a kind of solemn dignity." Madvig, 299, Obs. 3. 22. Neu and -that23. Miscendo, the gerund. 24. Nobis is probably dat. (of advantage), but may also be taken as ablat. 27. [Inopi] is found in good MSS., and agrees with populo. 29. Nulla, sc. amicitia, tho

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