7. In answer to this solemn appeal what is there which I can (subj.) reply?

8. We have not even arrested (comprehendo) him, much less punished him with death.

9. Unpopularity, won by upright-conduct, is to be considered a distinction.

10. If I had put him to death, you would say that it was an act of barbarity.

CHAPTER XIII.

1. By the removal of you alone (abl. abs.) we shall seem perhaps to be relieved for a brief space of time.

2. Men, [when] suffering from a severe illness, are often relieved by a draught of cold water.

3. Your thoughts are written on your face.

4. He departed from Rome, much to the benefit of the state.

5. Romulus founded this temple under the samo auspices as [he founded] the city itself.

6. We pray (oro) thee, Jupiter, to (ut) visit with eternal punishment these men, the foes of [their] country.

SPEECH II.

CHAPTERS I, II.

1. Catiline was threatening the city with fire and sword. 2. Without a doubt we can now crush the fellow and gain a glorious triumph.

3. I wrenched the weapon from his grasp.

4. Cicero said that Catiline had left the citizens safe, the city standing.

5. The citizens are well-pleased (lactor) that (quod) you have gone away without killing the consuls ( the consuls being alive; abl. abs.).

=

6. I ought (me oportebat) to havo arrested so dangerous a foe instead of letting him escape.

7. No one can be so foolish (stultus) as to attack me on-theground-that (quod) I have not put Catiline to death (? mood).

8. I thought that by getting rid of Catilino (abl. abs.) I could remove all danger from you.

9. I will defend you at the risk of my life.

10. I do not think that he is much to be feared outside

Rome.

CHAPTERS III, IV.

1. Catiline's army was gathered together from provincial bankrupts, from men (use is) who had deserted their legal obligations.

2. These men haunt the forum and even come into the senate.

3. This army is not so much to be dreaded by us as the men who have deserted it.

4. You are all the more to be feared because you [still] remain in-Romo (hic).

5. I said that I knew what they were plotting (cogito).

6. You make a sad mistake if you hope that my forbearance will last for ever.

7. At last (tandem) he brought it to pass that all men saw that a conspiracy had been made.

8. There are [some] who do not share Catilino's views. 9. He said (uso nego) that there was not room for clemency. 10. I shall go by the Appian road; if you choose to be quick, you will overtake me by the evening.

CHAPTERS V, VI.

1. How happy I shall be if your comrades follow (? tense) you!

2. Your only thought is of bloodshed.

3. They know that credit is now beginning to fail them. 4. At their wine and gambling they were plotting against (insidior) honest men.

5. The penalty long due to their disloyalty is close at hand.

6. There is now no monarch whom we dread.

7. If he clings to his opinion, let him await the fato he deserves.

8. If I could (imperf. subj. possum) drive them into exile by a mere word, I would.

9. No sooner were they ordered to go than they went. 10. He was nearly murdered at his own house.

CHAPTERS VII, VIII.

1. Crippled by the consul's efforts (labor), he gave up his idea of making war.

a. Let it be said, by all means, that they have gone into exile, provided that they do go. (N.B. 'let it be said'

praesentes, lit., 'in actual presence'; tr. 'with ready help will bring aid.'

si... adepti sint, 'supposing they did obtain.'

consules... dictatores . reges: a climax. The highest ambition legally open to a Roman was the consulship; in times of special danger a dictator might be appointed; but it was a crime even to think of being a 'rex,' 'a despot.'

non vident, &c., 'do they fail to see that they are seeking a thing which... must inevitably be given up to...

§ 20. coloniis. Sulla (B. c. 82) divided land (chiefly in Etruria) among 120,000 of his soldiers, who had neither the taste nor the capacity for an agricultural life; the existence of these military colonies 'had grown to be a serious danger, though Cicero, in the next sentence, for fear of offending the aristocratic party, compliments them on their loyalty 'taken as a whole.'

ii sunt coloni, &c., 'these particular men are settlers who

se... iactarunt (lit., 'have made a display too extravagantly, &c.), 'have indulged to excess in extravagant and coarse display.'

dum... themselves.'

delectantur, 'while they have been amusing

saivi, 'solvent.'

impulerunt, lit.,' have aroused into hope'='have inspired with that same hope of the plunder of the good old days'; referring to the proscriptions of Sulla, B. C. 82. Cf. Ben Jonson :

'O the days

Of Sulla's sway, when the free sword took leave
To act all that it would !'

quos... utrosque: i. e. both the coloni and the agrestes. eos, 'them,' i. e. quos utrosque.

tantus, &c., so deeply has the indignation at those days of terror left its mark on the State, that I suppose not even, &c.'

non modo. Sce Appendix A, on non modo, p. 121.

X

§ 21. varium, &c., a motley collection (mixtum et turbulentum) of all classes (varium).'

qui

premuntur,

whelmed (with debt).'

'men who have long been over

vadimoniis, iudiciis, proscriptionibus: refers to the three

stages of an action in bankruptcy: (1) radimonium, bail given for appearance in court; (2) iudicium, the trial and decision; (3) proscriptio bonorum, confiscation and sale by auction of the bankrupt's goods for the benefit of his creditors.

corruant: jussive subj, 'let them...' See Appendix C, Rule I, Obs. 1, p. 125.

non modo, &c. See Appendix A, on non modo, p. 121. illud: as usual, refers to what follows.

velint, arbitrentur, subj. of indirect question. turpiter: i. c. in a war against their country.

pereant, subj. of conditional sentence in Orat. Obliq. depending on arbitrentur; in direct speech it would be si peribunt.

§ 22. quos... revoco (lit., 'whom I do not call back from Catiline')='whom Catiline is welcome to keep.' nam nequs, &c. (lit., 'for they can neither.. and indeed may they perish') 'for not only can they not... but really I pray they may perish. . .'

carcer, the prison.' Rome only had one prison, the Tullianum; see note on i. § 19.

postremum autem, &c., but the last class stands last not only numerically but also in their very mode of life.'

genere ipso atque vita: hendiadys.

proprium, &c., 'they are Catiline's very own, the men of his choice, nay rather, the friends of his heart and bosom.' imberbes, &c.: beardlessness would denote effeminacy, a full beard was a mark of foppishness.

velis: just as in modern dress, thero were fashions in togas; the homan ‘fashionable man' in Cicero's days was conspicuous for his full tuniça, and the carefully arranged folds of his flowing toga.

quorum omnis industria, &c. (lit., 'whose life's whole energy, whose only toil in keeping awake is displayed in, &c.')='whose all-night banquets are the only evidence of any purpose in life, of any sleepless pursuit' (or 'of labour that requires some sacrifice of sleep').

§ 23. versantur: see note on i. § 10.

neque, sc. solum, 'not only.'

num...

take?'

sunt... ducturi, 'surely they do not intend to

his...nootibus, 'particularly now, in these (long) winter nights'; nominally, the month was now November, but according to the true solar calendar, it was really the January of B. c. 6a. See Appendix D. p. 127.

XI

§ 24. cohortem praetoriam: ɛce praetorius in Vocabulary. instruite nunc: nunc has here the ironical force it sometimes has when preceded by an imperative; in the absence of an exact English equivalent, it is only possible to suggest the real force of the particle: 'There, gentlemen, go and array, if you like, against these fine forces of Catiline your own,' &c., or, 'Well, you had Letter bring out to oppose these fine forces your own,' &c. (implying 'it is quite unnecessary, but do so if you like ').

praesidia, 'defensive forces.'

iam vero urbes, &c., ‘and, above all, the walled towns of our colonies and frce towns.'

coloniae originally were settlements of Roman citizens in Italy to keep the conquered peoples in check ; they were so many Romes in miniature.

municipia denoted towns in Italy which at an early period had made alliance with Rome or had submitted after littlo or no resistance; they possessed local self-government but were liable to the burdens (munia) of Roman citizenship without enjoying its full privileges. But after the Social War (90-89 B.C.) all the cities in Italy became municipia cum suffragio, i.e. they possessed the full Roman franchise; and in Cicero's days there was practically no distinction between coloniac and municipia.

§ 25. eget ille, and of which he is destitute.'

si... velimus, &c., 'if . . . we choose to compare the very causes which are at conflict, we can sce from the bare recital (x co ipso) how hopelessly inferior is Catiline's party.' For the moods, see Appendix C, Rule II, Obs. 1, p. 127.

in eius modi certamine, &c., 'in a conflict, in a war of this kind, even supposing. would not heaven itself compel...

XII

$26. vos: emphatic, 'do you, for your part'; contrasted with mihi below.

iam antea dixi: an oversight of Cicero's, for ho has not said anything of the kind before.

vigiliis custodiisque, 'with watch and ward.'

mihi: dat. of agent; see note on tibi i. § 16, it has been my work to provide and ensure that.

tumultu: see on i. § 11.