foras proiccerit and repeated in § 10) was not so objectionable to Roman ears as it is to ours; with the Romans vomiting was a common method of renewing the appetite, and emetics were even supplied at dinner parties.

Compare also Rev. iii. 16: I will spue thee out of my mouth. Lev. xviii. 28: 'that the land spuc not you out also.'

The mood is subj. because quod... proiecerit is not Cicero's but the city's reason for rejoicing; it is virtually Orat. Obliq.

II

§3. qui... accuset, as to take me seriously to task on this very point... viz. that (quod)... Subj. expressing

ROMAN SCHOOLBOY IN THE TOGA PRAETEXTA.' (From a statue and a terra-cotta bas-relief.)

temporum: here, as in Speech I, Cicero attacks the degeneracy of the age; cf. i. § a 0 tempora, o mores! idque, and this penalty.'

hpius imperii: see note on i. § 12.

res publica, 'State interests.'

qui... non crederent: subj. expressing consequence, 'who refused to believe.'

defenderent, 'tried to justify it.'

non modo invidiae meae... . periculo,' at the risk not only of public censure but even of my life.'

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§ 4. sed cum viderem, &c., lit., but when I saw that, the facts not having been even then clearly demonstrated to all of you, &c.' 'when I saw that not even all of you were even then convinced of his guilt, and that if I ..., I should not be able...'

si... multassem: subj. because it is Orat. Obl.; in Orat. Recta it would be si multavero. See Appendix C, Rule I, Obs. 3, p. 126.

fore ut... possem: fore ut with subj. takes the place of the fut. inf. of a verb which has no fut. inf. (such as possum). quem quidem, &c., 'how much I think (subj. of indirect question) this enemy is to be feared outside Rome, you may gather from the fact (hine) that...

exierit, subj. of virtual Orat. Obliq., 'I am annoyed to think that...

Tongilium mihi: mihi is Ethic dat., 'I notice,' or 'true, he has taken off T.'

in praetexta, seo Vocab. Tr. 'in his boyhood.'

III

§ 5. Gallicanis legionibus: the troops stationed in Gallia Cisalpina.

hoc dilectu, 'the recent levy'; the practor, Q. Metellus, had been sent by the Senate to Picenum and Lombardy to levy troops sufficient to meet the threatening danger. (See Gallicus and Picenus in Vocabulary and seo map, p. 47.)

agresti luxuria: abstract for concrete, 'spendthrifts from the country.' Also note the oxymoron.

quibus ego, &c. : quibus et iis; the order is, et si ego osten• dero iis non modo, &c.

edictum praetoris: it was usual for the Praetor urbanus (see note on i. § 32), when he entered upon office, to put forth an Edictum, in which he stated the forms to which he would adhere in the administration of justice. Cicero's meaning is that these 'bankrupts' will collapse at the mere hint of the penalties to which they are liable by their nonappearance in court to answer to their bail (vadimonia deserere).

hos, 'as for these' (acc. with eduxisset).

purpura: i. e. on the edge of the tunica.

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mallem... eduxisset, 'I could wish he had taken them with him to be his personal bodyguard (suos milites).' cogitent, subj. of indirect question.

§ 6. sit attributa, 'is allotted' (as his field of operation). has... incendiorum, 'the privilege of plotting the city's destruction by fire and sword.'

superioris noctis, the night before last'; it was really the last night but two..

no: see Vocabulary ne 3.

IV

quod exspectavi, 'the result which I have been waiting for.'

nisi... si ('except if') = 'unless.'

res ipsa, 'the very facts of the case.'

unum, 'just one (concession).'

ne patiantur, so that they may not permit.' desiderio sui, 'in regret for their absence.'

Aurelia via: this read ran along the west coast of Etruria to Pisa; see plan, p. 34, and map, p. 47.

$7.0... rem publicam: in exclamations O is commonly joined with the acc. Cf. ii. § 10 o nos beatos; ii. § 14 0 conditionem miseram, 'how happy our State will be, if it can but get rid of... See Appendix C, Rule I, Obs. 2, p. 126.

sentina: the same metaphor (from the bilge-water in a ship) occurs in i. § 12 (see notes thereon); the metaphor here, as there, is strengthened by the use of the word exhaurio, 'drain out.'

Tennyson uses a similar metaphor:

'Till the king himself should please

To cleanse this common sewer of all his realm.' uno mehercule, &c., 'positively (mehercule) by the mere clearance of Catiline the (ship of) State seems to have been lightened and refreshed.'

§ 8. iam vero, ‘again.'

inventutis illecebra, 'talent for corrupting youth.'

nunc vero, indeed, on this present occasion.' Cicero gives just one instance of that subtle influence of Catiline's which he has alluded to in general terms in the last sentence.

nemo non modo, &c. See Appendix A, on non modo, p. 121.

V

§ 9. ut eius, &c., 'so that you can be acquainted with his many other (diversa) tastes in quite a different direction.' ludo: the school where gladiators were trained; the supply of gladiators was chiefly derived from prisoners of war or troublesome slaves sold by their masters.

paulo .. audacior, a little more reckless (than his fellows) in committing crime.'

ad='as regards.'

in scaena: socially, actors were placed in the samo degraded class as gladiators; a Roman citizen, adopting either of these professions became, in the eye of the law, incapable of holding any honourable office; he was infamis.

atque idem, &c., 'and yet this same man, hardened as he was to the endurance of . . . by his training in vice and crime, was extolled by these people as a hero (fortis).'

cum, although.'

virtutis, 'virtuous life.'

§ 10. o nos beatos, &c.: cf. ii. § 7 note on o fortunalam rem publicam, and see Appendix C, Rule I, Obs. 2, p. 126. res... fides, 'capital . . . credit.'

in abundantia, 'in the days of their prosperity.'

unguentis, the use of perfumes at banquets was a custom which the Romans borrowed from Greece and carried to excess. This, and other customs, which seem unpleasant to us, were in Cicero's time the regular features of a Roman dinner-party. Compare Cicero's Letter (ad Att. xiii. 52) in which he describes how he entertained the great Julius Caesar at dinner (B. c. 45); unctus est, accubuit. 'EμETIKV agebat; itaque et edit et bibit dde@s, 'he anointed himself and took his place at table; he intended to take an emetic, and so he eat and drank freely.'

obliti: from oblĭno.

eructant: see note on cromuerit ii. § 2.

§ II. quos si, &c., and if my consulship shall succeed in removing (sustulerit) all these men, since it is unable to cure them, it will have added to the State's existence not sɔme (nescio quod) short span of time. but many generations' (or, it will have prolonged the State's existence, not for some,' &c.).

rex. Rome had recently finished the campaign, conducted by Pompey, against Mithridates, King of Pontus. omnia... externa, 'all disturbances abroad.'

unius: i. e. Pompey.

terra marique: terra, referring to the war against Mithridates, mari, referring to the war against the pirates of Cilicia; for both these wars, special laws had been passed investing Pompey with the supreme command (Lex Gabinia, B. C. 67, Lex Maniliu, B.C. 66).

intus, cf. pro Murena, ch. 37 (referring to the same danger), intus, intus, inquam, est equus Troianus.

huic ego: both words are emphatic, 'for a war such as this it is I who offer myself as your commander, gentlemen,' i. e. there is no need of a Pompey or of soldiery; the civil power of the consul, backed by the support of peaceful citizens, is enough (there is point in the contrast between bello and Quirites).

sanari.

resecanda: metaphors from the art of curing; sanari, 'be healed' (as by a doctor); resecanda, must be cut away,' i. e. 'needs the surgeon's knife.'

exeant, quiescant, exspectent, jussive subj., ' let them...' See Appendix C, Rule I, Obs. 1, p. 126.

VI

§ 12. verbo, 'by a mere word.'

homo enim, &c., 'I suppose our friend (homo) was so sensitive or even docile that he ...'

cum essem, ‘after I had been nearly . . .'

...

principes eius ordinis: referred to as consulares in i. § 16. quaexivi, &c., 'I asked Catiline whether he had been... or

not.'

§ 13. homo audacissimus, ‘for all his audacity,'' with all his effrontery.'

conscientia does not mean 'conscience'; see Vocabulary. ei: dat. of agent; see note on tibi i. § 16.

pararet: subj. of virtual Orat. Obliq.; 'whither, as I knew; he had long been preparing to go.'

secures... fasces, &c.: i. e. all the insignia of a consul in command of an army. Catiline was thus assuming an authority which he had failed to acquire legitimately. See fasces in Vocabulary.

sacrarium: see note on i. § 24.

§ 14. eiciebam, 'was I likely to,' &c.

credo: ironical, cf. i. § 5 'then I suppose.'

iste centurio, 'this illustrious centurion'; the officers of highest rank in a legion were the tribuni, next to them came the centurions (60 to a legion) each in command of 100 men.